Presentation is intended to provide information pertaining to Livestock Farming Zones of India

1. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Hari Om Pandey
ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research
Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122
(UP), INDIA
Livestock Farming Zones of India

2. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Tropical zone

3. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Tropical zone
Problem related to i) high temperature and sun shine and ii) humidity
Feed and fodder—vegetation
Tropical fodder- coarser feed, increases heat increment
Temperate breeds when introduced to tropical—several problems
Arid-external parasite whereas humid-internal parasite

4. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
The Planning Commission, in Seventh Plan, has divided the country into
fifteen broad agro-climatic zones based on physiography, soils, geological
formation, climate, cropping patterns, and development of irrigation and
mineral resources for broad agricultural planning and developing future
strategies
Fourteen regions belong to the main land and the remaining one in the
islands of Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea
The main objective: to integrate plans of the agro-climatic regions with the
state and national plans to enable policy development based on techno-agro-
climatic considerations
In the agro-climatic regional planning, further sub-regionalization was
possible based on agro-ecological parameters
Agro-climatic zones of India

5. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Livestock distribution in different Agroclimatic Zones
Sl. No. ACR Very high High Low Very low Species Product
1 WH S CBG P S, G,C W, Mt
2 EH CP G BS CGP Mt, D
3 LGP CGP S B CGP D, Mt
4 MGP P CBG S PBG D, Mt
5 UGP BP G CS BPG D, Mt
6 TGP B SP CG BSG M, Mt
7 EPH C BSGP CAO D, Mt
8 CPH SG B CP SGB W, Mt
9 WPH CBSG All L Suppl
10 SPH CBGP Sheep-all others Meat, Suppl
11 ECPH BS CGP BS Milk-suppl
12 WCPG C G P BS CGP D, Mt
13 GPH CBSG P All L Suppl.
14 WD S BG CP SG W, Mt
15 I GP CBS Low L Suppl.
Abbreviation
C: cattle
B: buffalo
S: sheep
G: goat
P: pig
L: livestock
M: milk
W: wool
Mt: meat
D: draft

6. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Livestock Production in different Agroclimatic Zones
 WH-Sheep for wool
 TGP- buffaloes
 SPH- sheep for meat production
 WPH, GPH and I- not dominated by single
species; but all livestock exist in smaller
densities

7. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Distribution of livestock in different agro-climatic regions
Species Highest priority regions Lowest priority regions
Cattle EPH (tribal areas of Orissa, Bihar, and
MP) and LGP (Plains of Bengal) and
WCPH (Kerala and coastal belt of
Karnataka and MH)
WD (Western and central Raj) and
CPH (South western UP, north
western and central MP)
Buffalo TGP (Punjab and Haryana) and UGP
and central UP
WD (Western and central Rajasthan),
western fringes of GPH, WCPH
(Kerala, and coastal belt of Kar, MH),
EPH and LGP
Sheep WD (Western and central Rajasthan) LGP (Plains of Bengal)
Goats LGP (Plains of Bengal) WH (J&K, HP, UK) WD, GPH, SPH
(Interior AP, TN, and Karnataka)
Pigs Moderate only (TGP, UGP, MGP, LGP,
EH
Rest of country

8. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Temperate Region
Comprises of the hilly areas of Assam, WB, UK, HP, Punjab, and
J&K
Heavy rainfall, snow and frost during winter
Livestock are mostly raised on pastures and during winter season,
livestock are migrated from higher altitudes to valleys and the
foothills
Cattle of this region are ND, short-statured, and low producer
Sheep and goat are major domestic animals
Wool (medium quality fine wool) is the main livestock produce
resulting in income

9. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Dry Northern Region
Plains of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, RJ, parts of UP, GJ, MP
Rain fall below 75 cm
Dry atmosphere is ideal for development of livestock
Home tract of most of the important breeds of cattle and buffalo
Cattle-Haryana, Kankrej, Gir, Malvi, Nagore; Sahiwal, Tharparkar,
Red Sindhi (Pak)
Arid areas of RJ ((land or a climate having little or no rain; too
dry or barren to support vegetation) —Sheep (good mutton and
carpet wool)
Camels are found exclusively in this region
Horses and donkeys are also of good quality
Seasonal grazing, fodder cultivation and wheat straw

10. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Plains of WB, Bihar, Orissa and eastern UP, parts of Assam,
NE states
Rainfall: > 125 cm
Livestock:
Cattle and buffaloes are few, ND, and productivity is poor;
poorly fed; buffaloes are used in agricultural operations, and
carting
Sheep and goat are used for mutton and chevon production
Pigs are important animals
Feed and fodder: Rice main cereal crop and its straw is the
staple feed for animals
Northeastern Region

11. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Parts of MP, MH, AP, TN and Karnatka
Rainfall: generally low and atmosphere is humid
Feed and fodder: most of the land is used for millet production
which also provide dry fodder
Livestock:
Cattle: important draught breed of cattle like Amrit Mahal,
Halllikar, Kangayam and Ongole
Sheep: Sheep population is more in this region compared to
other; sheeps are hairy and are reared for mutton and skins.
This is known as sheep tract of India
Nellore and Bannur sheeps are used primarily used for mutton
production
Southern Region

12. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Coastal Region
Coastal belts of MH, Karnataka, Kerala, YN, AP and Orissa
and bordering Easter and Western Ghats
Rainfall: high humid and heavy rainfall, > 500 cm annually
at many places
Feed and fodder: most of the land is used for millet
production which also provide dry fodder
Livestock:
Buffaloes are important along the east coast whereas
crossbred cattle along the west coast
Goats and pigs are also important

13. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Livestock in Extreme Climate
1. Super-humid climate:
Rain fall is very heavy, dense rain forests
Great climatic stress on livestock
Climate favors only small animals
South-west coast and NE of India
2. Humid climate: adjacent to super-humid areas
Climatic stress on livestock is less intense compared to super-humid
3. Sub-humid areas:
Climatic stress on livestock is less intense compared to super-humid
Livestock industry is well developed
Fodder is grown during rain
Peninsular India
4. Semi-arid region: Humidity is less, great seasonal and diurnal temperature variation
Coarser vegetation
NW parts of India
Most congenial for animal husbandry if feed and fodder and water could be managed

14. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP
Livestock Production Systems
1. Solely livestock production systems: in which more than 90 percent of dry matter fed to animals
comes from rangelands, pastures, annual forages and purchased feeds and less than 10 percent of the
total value of production comes from non-livestock farming activities.
i) Landless livestock production systems: in which less than 10 percent of the dry matter fed to animals
is farm-produced and in which annual average stocking rates are above ten livestock units (LU) per
hectare of agricultural land.
ii) Grassland-based systems: in which more than 10 percent of the dry matter fed to animals is farm-
produced and in which annual average stocking rates are less than ten LU per hectare of agricultural
land
2. Mixed-farming systems (M)
Livestock systems in which more than 10 percent of the dry matter fed to animals comes from crop by-
products or stubble or more than 10 percent of the total value of production comes from non-livestock
farming activities.
i) Rain-fed mixed-farming systems: in which more than 90 percent of the value of non-livestock farm
production comes from rain-fed land use
ii) Irrigated mixed-farming systems: in which more than 10 percent of the value of non-livestock farm
production comes from irrigated land use

15. ©Hari Om Pandey, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP