The liver is an organ that secretes bile and plays an important role in metabolizing nutrients. Liver disease can be caused by toxins, bacteria, viruses, genetic factors, and cancer. Symptoms of liver disease include abdominal pain, jaundice, fatigue, nausea and more. Heavy alcohol use, intravenous drug use, obesity, and diabetes are risk factors. Complications include ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and liver failure. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and tissue analysis. Treatment focuses on removing toxins, regenerating liver cells, and maintaining a high-protein diet.

1. LIVER
DEFINITION OF LIVER
 A large very vascular glandular organ of vertebrates
that secretes bile and causes important change as in
many of the substance contained in the blood. (as by
converting sugar in to glycogen which is stores up until
required and by forming urea).

2. LIVER DAMAGE
Liver damage four stages there

3. LIVER DISEASE
DEFINITION OF LIVER DISEASE
Toxins and bacteria absorped from intestine reach liver
directly and produced injury.

4. TYPES OF LIVER DISEASE
Cirrhosis or scarring of the liver
Hepatitis A,B,C,D,G
Jaundice
 Liver cancer
 Metabolic disorder

5. SYMPTOMS
Abdominal pain and swelling
Skin and eyes that appear yellowish (jaudice)
Swelling in the legs and ankles
Itchy skin
Dark urine colour
Pale stool colour or bloody or tar colour stool
Chronic fatigue
Nausea or vomiting
Loss of appetite

6. CAUSES
Infection
Immune system abnormality
Genetics
Cancer and other growth
Other

7. RISK FACTORS
Heavy alcohol use
Injection drugs using shared needles
Tattoos
Blood transfusion
Diabetes
Obesity

8. COMPLICATION
Ascites
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Hepatic encephalopathy
Portal hypertension
Variceal bleeding
Hepatorenal syndrome
Brain swelling

9. DIAGNOSIS
Blood test
Imaging test (CT,MRI,ultra sound)
Tissue analysis

10. PREVENTION
Drink alcohol in moderation
Avoid risky behaviour
Get vaccinated
Use medication wisly
Avoid contact with other peoples blood and body
fluids
Take care with aerosol sprays
Protect your skin
Maintain a healthy weight

11. DIETARY MANAGEMENT
CALORIE
More than 2000 kcal provided moderate or severe
supplied by nasogastric tube feed

12. CHO- (carbohydrate)
Glucose is stored glycogen in the liver
Glycogen protect liver cells against damage
 CHO not only use for calorie requirments also for
reducing the endogenous breakdown of protein by
protein sparing effect
Excessive deposition of glycogen in liver and kidney
Nausea and vomiting prevent oral feed

13. PROTEIN
Prevent necrosis of liver cells or deposition of fat
The caseinogens of milk and animal protein rich in
methionine
Acute liver failure protein and amino acids are
preventing liver damage and regeneration.
30-110g protein helps in regenerating of liver cells.
Adequate supply of protein is needed .

14. FAT
Deposition of fat in liver cells is a manifestation of
dietary deficiency protein or toxic injury to liver
50-60g fat permitted
In patients taking moderate quantities

15. VITAMINS
Vitamin-A stored in liver inchronic liver disease
storage is reduce
Vit-D stored in liver
In chronic liver disease changes in bone produce
rickets and osteomalacia and osteoporosis
Vit-k is required the presence of bile for intestinal
absoption. They are needed for prothromin by the liver
cells production
B group vitamins and especially vit-12 reduced
cirrhosis

16. MINERALS
Orally or nasogastric tube maintaining electrolyte
balance
Sodium is a patient on intravenous fluid during liver
failure
Serum potassium level carefully monitor acute liver
disorder
Oral potassium supplements required loss the urine

17. ALCOHOL
 Stomch irritaiton by alcohol reduce appetite and food
intake
 Alcohol act on lipid metabolism in liver
 Enhancing fatty acid synthesis
 Decrease fatty acid oxidation
 Produce specific stimulating to triglyceride formation

18. IRON
Abnormal storage iron occur liver in cirrhosis
hemosidersis and hemochromatosis
CHILLIES AND SPICES
Irritant spices damage liver cells and development of
cirrhosis
BUSH TEA
Made from various herbs leads to liver cirrhosis

19. TREATMENT
Toxin removal from the blood
Regenerated the liver
Intake the high protein and also take into the tablets