Literature review 1. purpose 2. sources 3. steps for writting

2. Presented by:
Misbah Arshad
Iqra Sulman

3. A literature review is a way to:-
Compare studies and know “what is out there” on a
specific topic

4.  The literature review is a critical look at the existing
research that is significant to the work that you are
carrying out.
 1. To provide background information
 2. To establish importance
 3.To demonstrate familiarity
 4.To “carre out a space” for further research
 5.To make your research problem clear and bring focus
into it.

5.  6. Develop your methodology
 7.To know where you are
 8.To have a broader knowledge in your area of research
 9.Research and select literature pertaining to your
area.
 10.Review selected literature
 11.Develop a theoretical framework (theories and
issues related your study)

6.  12.Develop a conceptual framework ( aspects you select
from theoretical framework that from the basis of your
research.)
 13. Find out what is known about the subject
 14. Find out whether the research has been done
before.
 15.Build a case for carrying out research.
 16.Show your expertise in the subject.

7.  Articles in Journals
 Books
 Internet
 Research reports
 Governments documents
 Abstracts
 Reviews
 Unpublished Theses

8.  Adequacy: Is it done to a sufficient degree.
 Clarity: Are all points clearly made?
 Imperialness: Are actual findings cited rather than
opinions?
 Regency: Are citations up- to-date?
 Relevance: Are the citations related to the hypothesis?

9. Organization: Is the presentation of literature well
organized in terms of introduction, subheadings and
summary?

10.  Planning
 Reading and Researching
 Analyzing
 Drafting
 Revising

11.  Iqra Sulman

12. Tasks of literature review
 Summarize
 Synthesize
 Critique
 Compare

13.  Chronological
 Topical or thematic organization
 Inverted pyramid organization/broad to narrow.
 Seminal study.

14.  Includes a clear research question or purpose
 Make and argument for the necessity of your research
and/or service program etc.
 Explains methods and theories if review is to be used
for a larger study or program
 Describes search methodology—databases, search
terms etc.
 Is through (include classic studies and a range of
literature, not just studies that make you point.
 Is well organized, clear and concise

15.  Focused:
The topic should be narrow. You should only present
ides and only report on studies that are closely related
to topic.
 Concise:
Ideas should be presented economically. Don’t take my
more space than you need to present your ideas.
 Logical :
The flow within and among paragraphs should be a
smoth, logical progression from one idea to the next

16.  Developed:
Don’t leave the story half told.
 Integrative:
Your paper should stress how the ideas in the studies are
related. Focus on the big picture. What commonality
do all the studies share? How are some studies
different than others? Your paper should stress how all
the studies reviewed contribute to your topic.
 Current:
Your review should focus on work being done on the
cutting edge of your topic.

17.  Vagueness due to too much or inappropriate
generalizations
 Limited range
 Insufficient information
 Irrelevant material
 Omission of contrasting view
 Omission of recent work

18.  Unprofessional language
 Don’t plagiarize
 Too many quotations
 Lack of fluency and cohesiveness.