By: Muhammad Khizer Hayat

1. Topic: Sources & Review of Literature
The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur
Muhammad Khizer Hayat
Khaleel Ahmad
Session: 2016-18 (Spring)
Semester: 3rd
Supervised By: Dr.Fakhra Shamim

2. • “A literature review is a body of text and its main goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a
topic and forms the basis for another goal, such as the justification for future research in the area. It seeks to
describe, summarize, evaluate, clarify and/or integrate the content of previous researches".
WHY LITERATURE REVIEW ?
The literature review in a research study accomplishes several
purposes that are as follows:
1- Distinguishing what has been done form what need to be done
2- Discovering important variables relevant to the topic
3- Synthesizing and gaining a new perspective
4- Establishing the context of the topic or problem
5- Rationalizing the significance of the problem
6- Enhancing and acquiring the subject vocabulary
7- Understanding the structure of the subject
8- Relating ideas and theory to applications
9- Identifying the main methodologies and research techniques that have been used

3. Types of Literature Review
On the purpose of research there are 3 main types of literature review
EVALUATIVE REVIEW
It is often used to directly compare research findings of a project with other when findings are directly available.
Exploratory Review
This type of literature review which is seeking to find out what actually exists In the academic literature in terms of
theory,emperical evidence &research methods as they pertain to specific research topic & its related wider subject area.
It is also used to sharpen , focus,& identify research questions that remain unanswered in the specific topic.
Instrumental Review

4. HOW TO CODUCT LITERATURE REVIEW
There is no one way to conduct a literature review, but many scholars proceed in a
systematic fashion to capture, evaluate and summarize the literature.
1. Identify the topic
2. Locate sources of literature
3. Read the literature
4. Analyze the literature
5. Assembling and organizing
6. Writing the literature

5. 1
•Chose Area for research (Management Sciences)
2
•Select field of research (Finance, Marketing)
3
•Select topic of research (Advertising in Marketing)
4
•Refine topic of research (Refining topic)
1. Identification of Topic

6. 2. SOURCES OF LITERATURE
The literature sources available to help you to develop a good understanding of and insight into previous
research can be divided into three following categories:
Reports
Theses
Emails
Conference reports
Company reports
Unpublished manuscript
sources
Newspapers
Books
Journals
Internet
Some government
publications
Indexes
Abstracts
Catalogues
Encyclopedia
Dictionnaires
Bibliographies
Citation indexes
Search Engines
Primary Sources Secondary Sources Tertiary sources
A tertiary source is an index or textual consolidation of primary and secondary sources.

7. 3.READING THE LITERATURE
Read abstract of the article or preface and introduction of book
Skim through the article/ book
Survey the main parts of the article/ book
Read in detail the selected important parts

8. 4. ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
Analysis is the job of systematically breaking down something into its constituents
parts and describing how they relate to each other – it is not random dissection but a
methodological examination.
1. Systematic Analysis: Systematic Analysis is the kind of analysis in which we
systematically evaluate the literature on the basis of key ideas, theories,
concepts and methodological assumptions and the overall structure and format
of the research work
2. Arguments Analysis: If a range of arguments is being analyzed, you will need to
explicate the claim, data and warrant for each argument. In this way, the
identification of the individual and similar elements in a range of items can be
compared and contrasted.
There are two types of analysis i.e. argument analysis and systematic analysis.

9. Mapping ideas is about setting out, on paper, the geography of research and thinking
that has been done on a topic. In other words it is the process of organizing the
content of the literature into sections and subsections in order to make connections
between ideas contained in different articles, books and work published over a
certain time period. It is an effective way of getting overview of the topic
5. ASSEMBLING ORGANIZING LITERATURE USING MAPS
TYPES OF MAPS
There are five types of maps that are as follows
1. Feature map
2. Tree construction
3. Content Map
4. Taxonomic Map
5. Concept Map

10. 6. WRITING THE LITERATURE REVIEW
We have already studied that literature review plays an important role and is usually composed in five parts.
Introduction
Review on independent variable
Review on dependent variable
Review on the relationship of independent
and dependent variables
Summary