This document provides an overview of different types of folklore including folktales, myths, legends, and epics. It discusses the origins and history of each type of folklore and provides examples from different cultures and regions. Folktales are traditional stories that have been passed down orally over generations. Myths are stories that explain natural phenomena and involve supernatural elements like gods and goddesses. Legends are semi-historical narratives about people, events, or places. Epics are long heroic poems or stories that involve adventures and ideals of heroism. The document also outlines characteristics and values of each folklore type in developing children's literature.

2. Folklore and Folktales
Folklore
was invented by an English Scholar named
William John Thomas.
It is a science that embraces observances and
customs, notions, beliefs, traditions,
superstitions and prejudices of the common
people.

3. Importance of Folklore
It is important in explaining social history of man kind.
It is helpful in the study of comparative mythology and
science of religion.
It helps us to understanding the relationship between
races and on the development of religion, beliefs and
ceremonies.
A great assistance to the ethnologists, sociologist,
historians and students of comparative mythology and
science of religion.

4. Kinds of FolkloreKinds of Folklore
1) Traditional literature in narrative form:
a) folktales
b) Hero tales
c) Ballads and song
d) Legends of places
2) Traditional customs
a) Local customs
b) Astrology
c) Festivals customs
d) Games
3) Superstitious and beliefs
a) witchcraft
b) Astrology
c) Superstitious practices
d) Superstitious beliefs and
fancies

5. 4) Folk speech
a) Popular sayings
b) Popular nomenclature
c) Proverbs
d) Jingles, Rhymes, Riddles
Earliest form of literature is called Folk Literature
There are certain qualities common to all folk literature:
Concerned more
with action rather
than reflection;
Concerned with
physical heroism
Concerned with
mysterious and
powerful
influences

6. Story for Children: FOLKTALES
Folktales
Refers to a traditional narrative of unknown
authorship that has been handed down from
generation to generation.
This olds stories are often called Fairy tales
that deals with a character that are
mysterious and powerful in influences.

7. Origin of Folktales:
There are two theories concerning and transmission of
folktales:
1) That all folktales originated in India in the Sacred
Book of Buddhism and were transmitted by
migrations of peoples, by crusaders and Hebrew
gypsies.
2) That many of the tales arose independently among
people widely separated geographically and
historically.

8. History of Folktales
Folktales begins at the point at which a storyteller,
folklorist or anthropologist set it down in writing.
In 1697 a collection of tales was produced named
Comtes de Ma Mere L’Oye or Tales of My Mother
Goose appeared bearing the name of a Frenchman,
Charles Perrault.
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
The German brother who made the real
collection of tales.

9. They gathered the tales they heard from old folks throughout
their travels in Germany and published them later between 1812
to 1815.
Grimm’s Fairy Tales
Is the first translation of Grimm’s Hausmarchen
that was made by Edward Taylor.
Peter Absjornsen and Jorge Moe
Gathered also a tales throughout their travel in Norway
like was has done by the Grimm’s Brother and published
their first collection of Norwegian tales in 1842-1843.
And Their collection was translated into English by
George Debber Dasent and issued under the title “ Tales
from the Norse” in 1859.

10. James Orchard Halliwell
Was responsible enough in appearing a
systematic folktales in England in 1849. He called
his work as Nursery Rhymes and Nursery Tales.
The Three Bears
The best known nursery tales by Robert Southey in
1774-1843.
Primary Characteristics of Folktales
1) Has no known individual author.
2) Has no fixed or original form.
3) Has a brief introduction.

11. 4) Adapted to any age
5) Has simple plot that is easy to remember.
6) Characters appeal to both children and adults.
7) Has element of magic that appeals to children.
Values of Folktales
1) Gives pleasure and enjoyment to children.
2) Stirs the imagination.
3) Gives insight into life .
4) Used for illustration.
5) Used for dramatization.
6) Develops ear training.
7) Plays role in the emotional development of children.
8) Develops confidence and courage in children against fear of
the unknown.

12. Types of Folktales
1) Accumulative Tale.
2) Talking Beast Stories
4) Myths
3) Droll or Humorous Stories
5) Epics and Hero Tales
6) Legends
7) Fables
8) Fairy Tales
9) Religious Tales
10) Roman Tales
11) Realistic Stories
Desirable Uses of
Folktales
1) For entertainment
2) For illustration
3) For Puppets
4) For storytelling

14. Myths
Mythology
Is a body of myths describing the gods of the people,
demigods and legendary human beings in stories
which involves supernatural elements.
Myths
Have more specialized meaning and refers to the
stories in which gods, goddesses and other pagan
divinities plays apart.
It is also a story that explains primitive man’s idea of the
origin of the universe, the mysteries of natural
phenomena.

15. Explain matters in the science of a pre-specific age and will stay
longer as long as the divinity of it’s actors is recognized.
Sources of Mythology:
Greek and Roman Mythology
The Roman had no system of mythology of their own . They
adopted the mythology of the Greeks , but changed the
name of the gods.
The Roman and Greeks had not the same gods, but the
same demigods.

16. Greeks
Zeus Ruler of the heavens and
earth
Romans
Jupiter or Jove
Hera Queen of the heaven Juno
Poseidon God of the Sea Neptune
Aphrodite Goddess of love and beauty Venus
Athena Goddess of wisdom Minerva
Apollo God of the Sun Apollo
Artemis Goddess of moon and of
the chase
Diana

17. Ares
Hermes
Heracles
God of war
Messenger of
Zeus and of Gods
Strong man
Mars
Mercury
Hercules
Norse Myths
Came from scandinavian countries.
More serious in tone and plot than the
Greek myths.

18. Odin Ruler of heaven and earth
Norse
Myths
German Myths
The names of ditties differ only slightly
from those of the Norse
German
Myths
Wotan
Freya Goddess of love and beauty
Thor God of war
Valkyries The messenger

19. Types of Myths
1) The “Why” Stories
Examples:
“Why the Sunflower Turns to the Sun”
“Why the Woodpecker Has a Red Head”
“Why Arachne Was Changed into a Spider”
2) The Allegory Stories
“King Midas”

20. Values of Myths
1) There is a dramatic quality about myths that captures the imagination
of the poets and children.
2) Many English poems are filled with classical allusions from myths.
3) Subjects of sculpture and graphic arts are taken from the Greek and
Roman myths.
4) The furnish background epics of all countries
5) They serve to explain the origin and meaning of many words in
everyday use.

21. Legends
Legends
Is a narrative that is partly imaginary about a
particular person, event, place or natural features.
This is a form of story containing miracles and wonders
handed down from generation to generation through
they are not authenticated by accepted proof.
Closely allied to history although it is not verifiable.

22. The Difference Between Myths and
Legends
1) The myth is an
interpretation of nature.
1) Legend is the idealization
of history
2) Myths are stories in
which god, goddess and
other divinities play a
part.
2) Legends are stories of
wonder not only of gods and
goddesses but about animals
and other things.
3) Myths are found
everywhere in one form
or another.
3) Legend lies within one or
two localities and has one or
two characters whose names.
4) Legend is usually built one
episode on a single act of the
hero.

23. Legendary Heroes According to Nationality
1) English Legends
a) Beowulf’s Fight with Grendel
b) Robin Hood Tales
c) How Saint George Slew the Dragon
d) King Arthur and His Sword
2) French Legends
a) Roland and His Horn
3) Scandinavian Legends
a) Sigurd’s Youth

24. 4) Spanish Legends
a) The Legends of Cid Rodrigo Diaz de Benar
5) North America Legend
a) The Legend of Paul Bunyan
Filipino Legends According to Subject:
A) Legendary Heroes
a) The Legend of Lam-Ang
b) The Legend of Bernardo Carpio

25. B) Legends about Places
a)Legend of Gapan, Manila,etc
b) Legend about every town and province
C) Legend about Nature
a) Legend of the Mt. Makiling and other
forms of mountains.
b) Legend about the origins of the
Universe, Legend about the Sun, Moon
and the Stars.
D) Legend About Plants
a) Legend of the Banana

26. a) Legend of the Pineapple
b) Legend of the Lanzones
b) Legend of the Macopa etc.
E) Legend About Flowers
a) Legend of the Sampaguita
b) Legend of the Ilang-Ilang
F) Legend About Animals
a) Legend of the Smallest Fish in the Philippines
b) Legend of the First Monkey

27. Values of Legends in the Children’s Literature
1) Legend as a source of children’s literature deals with
religious facts.
2) Legend deals with historical background.
3) They develop vivid and fantastic ,imagination.
4) Some legends give children a moral lesson.
5) Legends help acquaint children with the culture phase of
the country.
6) They give pleasure and enjoyment to the children.

29. Epics
Epics
Comes from the Greek word “epos” which means saying or
a song.
Is a form of narrative wherein tragedy, comedy, lyric, dirge,
and idyll are skillfully blended to form an immoral work.
Strongly national in it’s presentation of human character.

30. Classification of Hero Tales According to
Nationality
America
How Tony Beaver Built the Candy Dam
Paul Bunyan’s Flapjack Griddle
Joe Magarac: Man of Steel
American Indians
English
Beowulf
King Arthur and the Round Table
Robin hood

31. Roland
The Story of Odyssey
Sigurd the Volsung
Beginning of Atlanta
The Winged Horse
Pandora
France
Irish
Greek
Oisin In the Land of Youth
Heroes of Asgard
Fin M’Cowl and the Giant
The Making of the Hammer
William Tell
Spain
India
Swiss
Norse
El Cid ( Rodrigo Diaz de Bevar )
Rama

32. Philippines
Bernardo Carpio
Mariang Makiling
Lam-ang
Characteristics of Hero Tales
d) Vigor in style
c) Simplicity of language
b) Singleness of motive
a) Directness of action
2) They possess qualities of good adventure which children like:
1) Hero tales are historical, biographical , mythical and legendary stories
of heroes.

33. 3) The heroes present ideals of life and conduct worthy of emulation.
4) The exploits and deeds of heroes are worth workshopping.
5) The heroes succeed because of their ingenuity, valor, perseverance
and other virtues.
6) The style in which the story is told is serious, dignified and there is
objectivity.
Values of Hero Tales
1) Develop in the child good moral character.
2) Enlarge the child’s vocabulary.
3) Develop the imagination.
4) Give good background .