it's my class presentation during the online session

1. Title: LIS Education in Pre-independent
Era.
PRESENTER: WAHID ULLAH MPhil (First semester)Roll No: 05
Department of LIS at UOP
Submitted to: DR. Sajjad Ahmed
Session- 2021-22
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2. Definitions of LIS Education?
The professional knowledge and skill with which recorded information is selected,
acquired, organized, stored, maintained, retrieved, and disseminated to meet the needs
of a specific clients.
Library science is defined as a multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary field that involves
the application of the perspectives, practices, and management tools to libraries. Also, a
degree in this course of study includes the application of information technology and
education to libraries.
Library and information science is a discipline covering knowledge management,
knowledge economy, and knowledge dissemination. ... Library education is the specialized
formal training for would-be librarians for the acquisition of skills and competences
necessary for both library services and transfer of knowledge.
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3. Overview
Library education was at the start was a technical education,(A kind of
education which equips with skills that involve the use of practical approaches
and other physical instruments in executing projects) have a demand of a job.
1886 Lis course at university level was presented first time in the world
by the University of Gottingen in Germany, LIS education is now existing at all
levels from learner to PhD in the Globe.
While graduate and post graduate education aims to prepare library
professionals and experts, undergraduate LIS education trains the
paraprofessional staff for the excellence of Lis growth.
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4. Brief View of LIS Education
Scholars, royals and religious eminent were librarians in early libraries.
The university of Gottingen in Germany was the first university in the world to
start LS course at the university level in 1886.
1870s
ALA was founded in 1876.
May,1879 : Melvil Dewey suggests a “librarians’ college "which would be attached to a
normal school with a considerable library, ALA.
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5. Continue…
◦ 1880s
August,1883: Dewey proposes school of library economy at Columbia College.
July,1886 : Dewey announces his school will open in October at Columbia College.
5 January,1887 : First class in library economy offered at Columbia College.
1888: Dewey argues for correspondence courses in special library and small library services
(hence, first distance education program).
1889: First class graduates from Columbia College; school transferred to New York State Library
in Albany on 1 April for special training of children’s librarians.
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6. Continue…
1890s
June,1890 : Pratt Institute, Brooklyn offers its first class in cataloging followed by library economy
courses.
1891: Drexel Institute started offering library economy courses.
September,1893: Armour Institute Library Class first term under direction of Katharine L. Sharp in
Chicago.
1895: First separate course in government publications offered by F. Jackson at Armour Institute.
1897: Transfer of the Armour Institute to University of Illinois, Urbana.
August,1898 : New York State Library’s Library School offers specialized instruction for law,
medical, education, and engineering librarians.
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7. Continue…1900s
1901: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh establishes Training School for Children’s Librarians.
August,1902 : Four year library training class announced by Simmons College, Boston.
1905: Melvil Dewey suggests that only three schools are needed: one at Albany, one in Midwest,
and another at the University of California; University of Washington offers their first annual
summer school for library training.
June 16,1906 : First MLS (honoris causa) degree conferred at SLS, Albany.
1907: Library School faculty from various schools met for the first time at Asheville, NC, American
Library Association Convention (ALA).
1908 : library Association (UK).
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8. Continue…
1910s
1911: Roundtable of Library School Instructors formed in ALA.
1915: Association of American Library Schools founded.
1919: University of Texas establishes School of Library Science; September: Andrew K (Yale)
argues that academic librarians need advanced library training; Charles C. Williamson publishes
ground-breaking Some Present-Day Aspects of Library Training.
1920s
1922: Charles C. Williamson transmits “Training for Library Work” to Carnegie Corporation.
1923: Williamson’s Training for Library Service appears in print; ALA’s Executive Board appoints
Temporary Library Training Board.
NOTE: (C.C Williamson report on slide No,09)
1924: ALA establishes Board of Education for Librarianship with Carnegie Corporation assistance.
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9. THE WILLIAMSON REPORTS OF 1921 AND 1923.
The move toward library science is closely tied to the Williamson reports of 1921 and 1923.
This pair of studies, funded by the Carnegie Corporation, criticized library training programs for their
emphasis on clerical routines and techniques rather than general learning and professional
education. Williamson suggested that the appropriate avenue for preparing individuals for
professional service in libraries was completion of a broad-based undergraduate degree followed by
at least one year of appropriately specialized graduate study. The founding of the Graduate Library
School at the University of Chicago in 1926 was in large part a direct response to the Williamson
reports.5 The early faculty of the Graduate Library School, brought together from a variety of
academic disciplines, immediately sought to justify the study of libraries through the application of
investigative processes mostly drawn from the social sciences. This effort to move the study of
libraries and librarianship dramatically away from training in the application of tools and techniques
was widely emulated as other institutions developed graduate programs. Such efforts were not
received in a universally positive manner and in some circles were viewed as being antithetical to the
principles and morals of librarianship.6 Despite such objections, by 1951 the standards for
accreditation of professional programs promulgated by the American Library Association (ALA)
identified a master's degree as the only recognized credential for professional librarians.
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10. Continue…
1926: Carnegie Corporation funds the first Graduate Library School at the University of Chicago, which
offers first summer institute for Library Science; the Albany Library School and NYPL Library School
merge and transferred to Columbia University.
1928: GLS at Chicago admits students working toward PhD degree.
1930s
1930: First PhD in library science: Eleanor Upton’s “A Guide to 17th Century Materials in the Reports of
the Historical Manuscripts Commission of Great Britain to Date” at University of Chicago.
1933. 1936: Publication of Pierce Butler’s An Introduction to Library Science; ALA Board of Education
for Librarianship establishes qualitative Minimum Requirements for library schools. Two major studies
appear: Conditions and Trends in Education for Librarianship and Ernest J. Reece’s The Curriculum in
Library Schools.
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11. LIS Education In Indo-Pak (sub-continent)
◦ LIS program in Indo-Pak, was began in 1915 with the arrival of Asa Don Dickinson, an
American librarian at the University of the Punjab.
◦ 1915- one-year postgraduate certificate (first university course program) was launched by
American library pioneer Asa Don Dickinson at the University of the Punjab, Lahore. It was
the first formal program in Asia and the second in the world after Columbia University.
◦ In 1919, the London university started the full time diploma course in librarianship and
archives.
◦ Dickinson devised courses based on theory and practice, he delivered lectures for a month
along with his wife, who taught a library handwriting course. After the course work, there
was practical training of library for three months. Dickenson also authored the first ever
textbook on library education, entitled Punjab library primer published by the PU in 1916.
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12. Continue…
Training in librarianship in India was started by W. A. Borden in 1911 in Baroda
Central Library, for the employees of the state libraries. The training class at the University
of the Punjab was not only the first of its kind in British India but also "in the East because
the other formal library school founded in the East was around 1920 at Boon University in
China. It is interesting to note that the University of London was the first to start training in
librarianship in Great Britain, in 1918. Dickinson in this area also proved to be a trendsetter.
Punjab was followed by the University of Madras, which started a similar programmed in
1931 on the initiative of S. R. Ranganathan. K. M. Asad ullah, the most famous of
Dickinson's students, started a training class with the approval of the Government of India
in the Imperial Library, Calcutta, in 1935
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13. S.R. Ranganathan
His full name was Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan, (born August 9, 1892, Shiyali, Madras,
India—died September 27, 1972, Bangalore, Mysore.
Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan was a librarian and mathematician from India. His most
notable contributions to the field were his five laws of library science and the development of
the first major faceted classification system, the colon classification.
S.R. Ranganathan conceived the Five Laws of Library Science in 1924. The statements
representing these laws were formulated in 1928.
These laws were first published in Ranganathan's classic book entitled Five Laws of Library
Science in 1931.
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14. Introduction of Modern methods
Dickinson introduced the Dewey Decimal Classification, cataloguing rules, lists of subject
headings, the dictionary card catalogue, open shelves, and the Newark charging system. These
methods were used in the Punjab University Library and were taught to the first group of 30
librarians who propagated them wherever they went.
Dickinson also encouraged the development of practices to meet local needs. It was for
the first time that efforts were made to expand certain Dewey numbers" in some fields ...
The Punjab University Library has in manuscript the elaboration of 290 (Ethnic and other
religions) and 495 (Eastern Asiatic Languages), which will probably appear in later editions and
has worked out its own expansions of 891.2 (Sanskrit literature) and 954 (History of India),... as
developed by Mr. Mukand Lal.
These expansions of Dewey numbers seem to be the first done and adopted in British India
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15. LIS Literature
Two books on librarianship had been published in India before Dickinson came. The first,
Library Administration, published in 1898, was written by MacFarlane. It did not discuss any
Indian library problem though it was written in India. The second book, Hints on Library
Administration, was published in 1913 by B. H. Mehta. Both the books were of a general nature.
Thus, The Punjab Library Primer, a book of 242 pages, was born in Kashmir, with a preface
dated "Gulmarg, July 1916." It is the first textbook by a professional librarian and a teacher; it was
written taking into consideration the needs of local librarians. This is also the first book that uses
the term "library science" in India. Comprehensive in coverage, it must have been used as a
model by future writers.
A periodical entitled Library Miscellany was started in 1913 by the Library Club, organized by
W. A. Borden from Baroda. Modern Librarian was the first journal to be published by a
professional association.
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16. Library Associations
There were no professional library associations in India when Dickinson arrived. During 1916, he
helped his students to form the Punjab Library Association, the first professional library
association in Indo-Pakistan. ." In a brief survey of 25 "libraries of the Punjab," he wrote that
"eleven librarians in the institutions mentioned above are members in good standing of the
Punjab Library Association. “
Dickinson, while writing about the Punjab Library Association, desired that "there would be
similar organizations in Baroda, at Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras." And in time his wish was
fulfilled. Library associations were formed in Baroda 1924, Bengal 1925, Bombay 1921, and
Madras 1928.
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17. Muslim Early Pioneers Of LIS
Khalifa Muhammad Asadullah (1890–1949)
Khan Bahadur Muhammad Asadullah could be rightly called the main architect of the library
movement in the Indo–Pakistan sub–continent. He was in the very first class of Asa Don
Dickinson, an American librarian, started in 1915 at the University of the Punjab. He started his
career as the first graduate librarian at the Government College, Lahore; then he moved to MAO
(Muhammedan Anglo–Oriental) College, Aligarh (India) in 1919; he was the librarian of the
Imperial Secretariat Library at Delhi for eight years; and finally landed at the Imperial Library,
Kolkata in 1929. In recognition of his superior performance the British Government in 1931
awarded him the glorious position of Librarian of the Imperial Library, Kolkata. He was the first
Muslim and the second native to hold this desired position. On 18 July 1947 he left the Imperial
Library to serve the newly–created Pakistan like many other Muslim officers.
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18. Continue…
Asadullah was one of the key figures, along with Dr. Ranganathan, Dr. Niharanjan Roy, Professor
Bashiruddin, Professor F.M. Velt, Justice Abdul Qadir, and Lala Labhu Ram, who were responsible
for the formation of the Indian Library Association. He was its secretary from 1933 to 1947. He
was also associated with the All India Muslim Educational Conference, Aligarh; the Muslim High
School, Kolkota; the Aligarh Old Boys Association (Bengal Branch), and Aligarh Muslim University.
In Pakistan he was appointed Officer on Special Duty in the Ministry of Education. A number of
librarians believe that the non-operational Directorate of Archives and Libraries was the creation
of Asadullah.
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19. Muhammad Shafi (1895–1964)
Muhammad Shafi is a pioneer for being the first person to expand the Dewey Decimal Classification for
Oriental and Islamic topics. This expansion is still being used by libraries in Pakistan and elsewhere. The
history of this pioneering work dates back to pre–independence days when Muhammad Shafi was
appointed convener of the special committee formed by the Indian Library Association, as early as
1935, “to draw up a standard scheme of expansion of DDC to meet the need of Indian libraries.
Born and brought up in Amritsar, Shafi graduated from the University of the Punjab. In 1921
Muhammad Shafi entered into the service of the Government of India. In the following year he was
appointed as an assistant librarian of the Imperial Secretariat Library, Delhi. In 1923 he joined the
Lucknow University Library as an assistant librarian, where he stayed for about seven years. This library
played a key role in the professional career of Muhammad Shafi, for the library itself was in its
formative phase. In 1930 Muhammad Shafi was appointed librarian of the Imperial Agriculture
Research Library. Muhammad Shafi was selected in 1944 as Junior Scientific Officer, Master–General of
the Ordnance Branch, General Headquarters, India.
Shafi was one of the few librarians of pre–independence British India who opted to serve the newly
created Pakistan
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20. Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid (1920–1984)
Dr. Moid was in fact the Melvil Dewey of Pakistan in terms of founding the first library school
and the national library association. Born in India on 20 January 1920, Moid received his B.A. degree
from AligarhMuslimUniversity (1941), his M.A. from the University of Michigan (1955) and his Ph.D.
from the University of Illinois (1964). The topic of his dissertation, which he completed under the
supervision of Professor R.B. Downs, was Urdu Language Resources in the United States of America. Of
his teachers, mention could be made of luminaries like Maulana Abdul Aziz Memon (Aligarh), Professor
Gjelsness (Michigan), and Professor R.B. Downs (Illinois). He was personally known to S.R.
Ranganathan, Sir Frank Francis and Dr. Ralph R. Shaw.
He worked in a number of libraries both in India and Pakistan, including ArabicCollege (Delhi),
Delhi University, Punjab Public Library (Lahore), Sindh University and Karachi University, of which he
was the founding librarian where he played a key role in building it as the largest library of the post–
independence period. From 1973 to 1983 he taught at Bayero University (Kano) where he established
the Library and Information Science (LIS) Department and headed the University Library. He also taught
at North Texas State University as a visiting professor during the summer of 1967.
Professor Moid was also instrumental in the formation of the Pakistan Library Association and
had the honor of being elected its founding secretary–general.
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21. Muslim Early Pioneers Of LIS
Fazal Elahi (1901–1961)
Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi (1917–1999)
Syed Villayat Husain (1910–1974)
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22. 5/3/2021 WAHID ULLAH STUDENT OF LIS UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR 22
Any Questions