Title: Library Education in Post-Independence Era

1. Title: Library Education in Post-independence Era
Presenter: SAMI ULLAH M.Phil(First semester)
Roll No: 03
Department of LIS at University of Peshawar
Submitted To: Dr. Sajjad Ahmad
Session: 2023-24

2. INTRODUCTION
 The scenario of Lis education in Sub-continent (Asia), we see that W.A Borden,
student of Melvil Dewey led Sub- continent at Baroda state, India in 1911.
 Course- Modern Library Techniques.
 The 1st Library Science course entitle with “Certificate in Modern Library Method”
was organized & inaugurated by Asa Don Dickinson at the University of Punjab,
Lahore in 1915. Admission was open to every M.A, B.A, F.A/F.Sc, Matric & even
Middle class pass candidates. Total admitted candidate's 24 out of them only 14
could qualify the exam.
 Duration of this certificate course was 4 month, including the following course of
instruction:
 Library Administration
 Classification & Cataloguing
 Bibliography
 Book Selection
 The course was suspended because of Asa Don Dickinson leaving for America in
1916, but after two years in 1918, Lala Labhu Ram, a student of Asa Don Dickinson
once again revived the course. It was 1921 when he revised the syllabus including
certain new subjects, which continued addition and alternation, where there it felt
necessary. This course kept continue till 1947. The year of bifurcating the Indo-
Pakistan.

3. LIS Education in Pakistan:
Level of LIS Education in Pakistan:
 Certificate Level
Optional Course at Intermediate Level
Bachelor Level
Postgraduate level

4. Certificate Courses
 1915- One year postgraduate certificate (1st University Course program)
was launched by American library pioneer Asa Don Dickinson at the
University of Punjab, Lahore.
 It was the 1st formal program in Asia and the 2nd in the world after
Columbia University.
 In 1948- Punjab Library Association introduced Certificate Course at
Undergraduate level. It was the correspondence course started at Lahore.
 1952- Karachi Library Association stated a certificate course of 3-4
months duration. This course remained till 1969.
 1955-L.C.Key came as a Colombo Plan Consultant to the government of
Pakistan. He also recommended to initiate certificate courses for the
training of sub-professional with the assistance of University of Punjab,
but his recommendations were never implemented.
 1957- The formation of a Pakistan Library Association (PLA) further
boosted up the cause of library movement in Pakistan.

5. Cont… (Certificate Courses)
 1960- Pakistan Bibliographical Working Group (PBWG) started on undergraduate
course for a period of six months duration named as “ Diploma in Special
Librarianship and Bibliography”.
* In 1972 the name of the course was changed to “Higher Certificate in
Librarianship”.
* Reason was that the course was called Diploma Course and at the time
three of the leading universities (Punjab, Karachi and Peshawar) were offering a one
year Postgraduate Diploma Course in Library Science.
 1961- A more extensive Programme, but initially limited to 6 week, was started for
teacher-Librarian by the Jamia Institute of Education under the sponsorship of
PLA for One year only.
* In 1966, it started again in collection of the Department of Library Science
at the University of Karachi and continued up till 1972.
* The duration of this program was changed from 6 week to 2 months and
finally to 3 months 1969.
 1961- Central Public Library, Bahawalpur also Conducted certificate course. The
course was designed for the Junior Librarians, but it could not survive and only 10
people were awarded certificates.

6. Cont… (Certificate Courses)
 1962- The Punjab Library Association started awarding
an Undergraduate certificate course.
 1972- The Federal Library Association (Rawalpindi), in
cooperation with the Pakistan National Centre,
Rawalpindi, Started a Certificate Course of 6 months
duration.
 1974- Another 3 months Library Science course was
started by the Pakistan-American Culture Centre,
Karachi as part of its adult education program.
 1985- AIOU introduced “Certificate in Librarianship”
duration 6 months for Non Professional.

7. Optional Course (Intermediate level)
 1974- A proposal was made to introduce Library Science at Intermediate &
Bachelor level by PLA.
*The Board of studies in Library Science (University of Punjab)
recommended the “inclusion of Library Science as one of the optional
subject at the intermediate and Bachelor level”.
*The recommendation was approved by the faculty of Arts and the
Academic Council in 1947 and 1975 respectively.
 1974- The BISE, Lahore also approached for the same purpose and the
board also accepted the proposal.
 During 1975, the Lahore board constituted a committee of courses in the
subject of library Science with Dr. Mumtaz A. Anwar as convener.
* The committee prepared an outline of the syllabus during
November 1976 and recommended the formation of another committee of
four experts to prepare a Textbook to be published by a Punjab Textbook
Board.

8. Cont… (Optional Course Intermediate Level)
 In Sindh, pressure was exerted on the authorities to introduce
Library Science as an elective subject at both intermediate &
degree level. The proposal were hastily approved and teaching
begun without any planning.(Till that time no textbook was published).
 The government allowed only BISE Karachi, Haiderabad and
Federal Board, Islamabad to conduct examination of Library
Science at Intermediate level.
*So, Federal College for Women, Islamabad and some colleges
in Haiderabad and Karachi started teaching Library Science at
Intermediate level.
 In 1988, the syllabus was revised by Federal Ministry of Education
in collaboration with center for research and curriculum
development.

9. Cont… (Optional Course Intermediate Level)
 Department of Public Instructions (DPI) Colleges
stopped the colleges to start teaching Library Science
at Intermediate Level. The objection was, if librarians started
teaching Library Science, the library services in colleges would suffer.
 In 1995, Government of the Punjab allowed teaching
Library Science at Intermediate Level to all BISEs in
Punjab from the next academic session of 1996-97.
 The teaching work was assigned to Librarians
working in college libraries voluntarily till the
availability of lecturers in the colleges.

10. Bachelor Level Course
 1988 - Bachelors in Library Science program started at
AIOU (a distance learning program).
 1990 - Madam Farkhandha Lodhi wrote a letter to VC,
University of the Punjab to introduce the subject of
Library Science at B.A. /B.Sc. level.
- The letter was sent to Board of Studies for
consideration and it accepted the proposal and formed a
committee for the preparation of the curriculum.
 1991- UGC, University Grant Commission (now HEC)
formed another committee to review the draft. Their
recommendations were approved and published in the
form of a pamphlet.

11. Cont... (Bachelor Course)
The curriculum was revised in 1995 and revision
was made in 2002 by the UGC.
2002 - The Committee met at Karachi from 26th -
28th February 2002 and formulated the existing
curriculum of Library Science at Bachelor level.
2009 The National Curriculum Revision
Committee's meeting for the discipline of Library
& Information Science was held from April 16-18,
2009 at HEC Regional Centre, Karachi. It
recommended 4 years, BS LIS program. (Now it is
implemented)

12. Postgraduate Level Course
FIRST Library Science Department was
established in 1915 by Asa Don Dickinson, an
American librarian, commissioned by the
University as librarian and teacher.
1915-first university course program was one-
year postgraduate certificate course.
It was the first formal program in Asia and the
second in the world after Columbia
University.

13. Cont... (Postgraduate Course)
The following LIS PG programmes were/are in offered in Pakistan:
 BLS/ BLIS/ BLISc/ DLS/ DLIS/ PGD/ AD-LIS/ BS-LIS
▪ It comprises of two semesters/one year, four semester/ two
years and eight semester/ four years with entry requirement of
graduation.
 MLS/MLIS/MLISC/MA (LIS) - two types
▪ Two semesters/one year Programme for
BLS/BLIS/BLISC/DLS/DLIS/PGD holders
▪ Four semesters/ two years Programme for graduates
 MPhil / MPhil leading to PhD/ MS - two types
▪ Without coursework, and With coursework.
 PhD-two types
▪ Without coursework, and With coursework.

14. Universities offering LIS Education:
1. University of Karachi, Karachi
2. University of the Punjab, Lahore
3. University of Sindh, Jamshoro
4. University of Peshawar, Peshawar
5. University of Baluchistan, Quetta
6. Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur
7. Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan
8. Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), Islamabad
9. Al-Khair University, Mirpur (AJK)
10. Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif (AJK)
11. Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (SUIT),Peshawar
12. Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK
13. Khushal Khan Khattak University (KKKU), Karak

15. University of the Punjab, Lahore
 1915 - LS Deptt. was established by Asa Don Dickinson.
■ 1st university course program as 1-year. PG certificate
 1973 - LS Deptt. was separated from Library. The Department started
▪ DLS (diploma in library science) in 1959,
▪ MLS in 1974,
▪ PhD (without coursework) in 1999 and
▪ MPhil/PhD (with coursework) in 2005.
 The present MLIS is a 2-year composite Programme comprising four semesters.
 The 1st PhD degree was awarded to Dr. Khalid Mahmood (Alternative funding model for
libraries in Pakistan) in 2004 under the supervision of Dr. S. J. Haider.
 The 2nd PhD degree was awarded to Dr. Kanwal Ameen (Philosophy and framework of
collection management & its application in university libraries in Pakistan) in 2005 under the
supervision of Dr. S. J. Haider.
 The Department is the first in Pakistan to introduce PhD (with coursework) as per
HEC criteria.

16. University of Karachi, Karachi
 1956 - First postgraduate diploma program was established
- 1962- MLIS -1985- MPhil with coursework
- 1994- MPhil without coursework
- 1967- PhD without coursework
- However, the MPhil (with coursework) was instituted but never
offered.
- The MLIS is a terminal Programme of which the first part is called
BLIS.
 1981 - The 1st PhD degree was awarded to Dr. A. Haleem Chisti (Islami
kutabkhane: 749-1257 AD), under the supervision of Dr. A. Moid.
 1992 - The 2nd PhD degree holder was Dr. Nasim Fatima (Cataloguing of
Urdu manuscripts and standardization: research, analysis, problems and
principles) under the supervision of Dr. Jameel Jalibi.

17. University of Sindh, Jamshoro
 1965 - The Department of Library, Information Science and Archive Studies was
established. (renamed as "Department of Library & Information Science")
 The postgraduate programs offered are:
-1970- Postgraduate diploma in library science (PGDLS) (renamed as PDLIS)
- 1974- M.A. LIS (renamed as MLIS)
- 1983- MPhil (without coursework)
- 2001- MPhil (with coursework)
- 2001- PhD (without coursework)
 The present MLIS is a terminal Programme of which the first part is called PDLIS.
 The Department also offers postgraduate diploma in archive studies.
 The 1st PhD holder is Dr. Nisar Ahmed Subhopoto (A comparative study of
provincial archives of Pakistan)- completed his PhD study in 2006 under the
supervision of Dr. Rafia Ahmed Sheikh.

18. University of Peshawar, Peshawar
1962 - Department of Library & Information
Science was established.
1962-63 - It started DLS (Diploma course 1 year)
1982-83- BLIS, MLISc
1997-98 – M.Phil (Research Based)
2020- MS (Course based)
2021- BS-LISc

19. University of Baluchistan, Quetta
1981 - The Library Sciences Department was
established.
The Department offer following programs:
- 1981- PG diploma (DLIS) in library science
- 1985- MLS- 1994- MPhil (without course work)
- 2003- PhD (without coursework)
The present MLIS is a terminal Programme of
which the first part is called DLIS.

20. Islamia University of Bahawalpur
 The Department of Library Science was established in 1983 and
renamed as Department of Library and Information Science in
1990.
 The Department introduced
▪ 1983- DLS (renamed as DLIS)
▪ 1985-MLS (renamed as MLIS)
▪ 1986- PhD (without coursework)
▪ The present MLISc is a 2-year composite programme of four
semesters.
 1993 - 1st PhD degree holder was Dr. Muhammad Fazil
Khan(coordinated planning for university libraries in Pakistan) in
under the supervision of Dr. Rafia Ahmed Sheikh
 Since 2007, it is also offering two more programs namely, BS (Hons)
four year and one year MS program.

21. Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
2004 - The Department of Library and
Information Science was established with the
launching of MLIS evening programme.
Two programs are offered
▪ B.S. Library Sciences
▪ M.Sc. Library Science
Both are evening programs.

22. Allama Iqbal Open University,
Islamabad
1985- The LIS Department was established within
the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities.
Following programmes are offered, i.e.
▪ Certificate in Librarianship (6 months)
▪ B.A- (LIS) / BLIS/ AD-LIS (2 years, 4 semesters)
▪MLIS (2 years)
▪BS- (Library & Information Science)
▪M.Phil- (Library & Information Science)
▪PHD- (Library & Information Science)

23. Al-Khair University, Mirpur (AJK)
1994 - This University was chartered- the first
private sector university of AJK.
1996 - The University started LIS postgraduate
diploma and master's programmes.
Now, NO information is available on its
website regarding LIS programs.

24. Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, AJK
It is a general university in private sector.
 2003 - BLIS (2-yr) and MLIS (2-yr)
programmes were launched, first through an
affiliated college and then by the University
itself.
The MLIS programme is almost regular.
There is no LIS department and regular
academic faculty.

25. Sarhad University of Science &Information
Technology (SUIT) Peshawar
2012- DLIS Established in 1st Private sector
University as distance education Centre.
 Since 2013- Following programmes were
introduced:
▪ AD-Library and Information Sciences
▪ BS-Library and Information Sciences
▪ MLIS
▪ MS-Library and Information Sciences
LIS Department has been established in the
University.

26. Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK
 2013 - The public sector University was chartered.
 Vertex College of Science & Technology is affiliated
with Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK
 Vertex College (S&T) offers following LIS programs
▪ MLIS
▪ MS/Mphil LIS
 First College in private sector to offer MS/Mphil in LIS.
 There is no LIS department and regular academic
faculty.

27. Khushal Khan Khattak University (KKKU), Karak
Department of Library and Information
Science at Khushal Khan Khattak University,
Karak was started in 2014.
Following programmes are offered:
* BS- Library and Information Science (first time in the
history in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
* MLISc
* MS/M.Phil-(Library and Information Science)-2017
* Ph.D (Library and Information Science) - 2022

28. Core Subjects in LIS Education
 Considering local conditions, each university has developed its own set of
core and optional courses based on HEC curriculum.
 Following are listed the core courses only being taught under different
titles and coverage level:
* Classification; * Cataloguing;
* Management of Specific type of Libraries;
* Foundation of Librarianship;
* Library Management and Reference Services;
* Comparative Classification and Comparative Cataloguing;
* Theory of Information Science or its component;
* Research Methods in Librarianship;
* Literature or Sources of Humanities, Social Sciences, Sciences, etc.
* Management of Specific types of Libraries;
* Thesis (Optional).

29. Core Subjects in LIS Education
 With the dawn of the 21st century the courses on
Marketing of LIS and IT got specific attention, and
most recently the need has been felt for a course on
communication skills.
 All schools got their name changed form "Library
Science" to "Library and Information Science" during
1990s, but this change was more cosmetic as the
schools still lack in ICT facilities and expert faculty in
this area.
 Now the some universities changed the name from
Department of Library & Information Sciences to
Department of Information Management.

30. Conclusion
 Library education in Pakistan has made significant progress, offering
programs from certificates to PhDs. The library schools at Punjab and
Karachi Universities played a crucial role in shaping library education in the
country.
 Graduate and postgraduate programs aim to train library professionals
and experts, while undergraduate programs focus on preparing
paraprofessional staff.
 However, there is a lack of consistency in the names of departments,
courses, program degrees, and other aspects of library education.
 Private universities should consider establishing departments for library
and information science (LIS) with proper resources and hiring qualified
faculty.

31. References
Al-Khair University. (2005). Retrieved May 2, 2014 from http://www.alkhair.edu.pk/
Allama Iqbal Open University, Department of Library & Information Science. Retrieved
May 2, 2014 from http://www.aiou.edu.pk
Ameen, K. (2007). Issues of quality assurance (QA) in LIS higher education in Pakistan.
International federation of library associations and institutions (IFLA).
Anwar, M. A. (1992). State of the library profession in Pakistan: From celebration to
reality. In A. S. Chaudhry, S. u.Rehman & A. H. Qarshi (Eds.), Library education in
Pakistan: Past, present and future. Lahore: PULSAA.
Bahauddin Zakariya University. (2006). Department of Library & Information Science.
Retrieved May 2, 2014 from http://www.bzu.edu.pk/faculty/libfaculty.asp
Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Department of Library & Information Science.
Khurshid, A. (1992). Library education in Pakistan: concerns, issues and practices. In
Sajjad ur Rehman, Abdus Sattar Chaudhry & Afzal Haq Qarshi (Eds.). Library education
in Pakistan: Past, present and future. Lahore: PULSAA.
Mairaj, M. I., & Ameen, K. (2010). Undergraduate LIS Education in Pakistan: an
Overview. Pakistan Journal of Library& Information Science, (11).

32. Cont… (References)
Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University. Retrieved May 2, 2014 from
http://www.miu.edu.pk & http://www.miu.edu.pk/flyer.pdf Retrieved
May 2, 2014 from http://www.iub.edu.pk/Departments.jsp
Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology. Retrieved May
2, 2014 from http://www.suit.edu.pk/main/ University of Baluchistan.
Library Sciences Department. Retrieved May 2, 2014 from
http://www.uob.edu.pk
University of Karachi. Department Library Information Sciences.
Retrieved May 2, 2014 2006 from http://www.uok.edu.pk
University of Peshawar. Department of Library & Information Sciences.
Retrieved May 2, 2014 from http://www.upesh.edu.pk
Khushal Khan Khattak University (KKKU), Karak, Department of Library
& Information Sciences.
https://kkkuk.edu.pk/library-and-information-sciences/