Short presentation on What is a philosophy and its main branches

1. Basmala - In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
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2. Wahid ullah
Research Scholar
&
M.Phil. Student in LIS Department at
University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
Email: Sarhadiwahid222@gmail.com
Mobile No. 0348-9216803
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3. What is Philosophy?
 Philosophy comes from the ancient Greek words for wisdom (Sophia) and love (Philo),
so traditionally the term meant something like a “the love of wisdom”.
Today we tend to view philosophy as a way of seeking to understand the
nature of reality itself, where reality includes our every way of thinking about
it.
 Philosophy is: the systematic, critical examination of the way in which we judge,
evaluate, and act, with the aim of making ourselves wiser and more self-reflective.
 Objectives:
 I. What Do Philosophers Do?
 A. The Study of Human Nature.
 B. The Study of the Universe.
 C. Human Nature and the Universe II. Rationality, and Objectivity.
 The Socratic Method • A process of questions and answers by which we systematically
reach deeper and deeper insights into the principles of truth and goodness
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4. The Main Branches of Philosophy
 Today, we’re going to be focusing on it’s five main branches or themes:
1. METAPHYSICS (spiritual/theoretical).
2. EPISTEMOLOGY (empiricism).
3. LOGIC (reason/Sense/Judgement).
4. ETHICS (Morality)
5. AESTHETICS (attractiveness/fairness).
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5. 1. METAPHYSICS
 Metaphysics is the philosophical branch that studies reality, existence, the
nature of being, the physical world, and the universe.
 Philosophers sometimes say that metaphysics is the study of the ultimate
nature of the universe.
 It seeks to answer difficult questions like, what is the nature of reality? How
can we say that the world exists outside of our thoughts? How did
mankind come to be? How was the universe made? Was the universe
made? How can our intangible minds control or affect our physical
bodies? How can we prove the existence of something? Can “nothingness”
exist? Etc.
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6. Continue…..
2. EPISTEMOLOGY
 the study or a theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge especially with reference
to its limits and validity, (Merriam Webster)
 Epistemology began to replace metaphysics as the most important area of philosophy.
 So, Epistemology is dealing with the study of knowledge; the theory of knowledge. It
delves into the definition, scope, and parameters of knowledge and knowledge
formation. It seeks to explain how we acquire knowledge, how knowledge relates to
notions (idea/concepts) like justification, truth, and belief, and how and where it falls in
the spectrum of certainty and error.
 It is a study that asks big questions like - what is knowledge? How can we acquire
knowledge? What do people know? How do we know what we know? Etc.
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7. 3. LOGIC
 Logic is the branch of philosophy that studies reasoning. It teaches us
how to differentiate between good and bad reasoning and how to
construct valid arguments. It seeks answers to questions like, what is
valid reasoning? How can you distinguish between a good argument
and a bad argument? How can you spot fallacies or errors in an
argument? how to debate properly.
 Again, the ultimate purpose of logic is to evaluate arguments—to
distinguish the good from the bad.
 “The study of truths based completely on the meanings of the terms
they contain.”
 The study of the principles and criteria of valid inference(conclusions)
and demonstration.
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8. 4. ETHICS
 Ethics, the study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct. also
known as moral philosophy, is often referred to as the study of morality. It
seeks to address questions about how we should live our lives, how we
define proper conduct, and what we mean by the good life. It’s a study
that teaches us what the virtuous life is like and how we can put these
virtues into practice.
 Ethics concerns itself with questions like, what is the good life? How should
we act? What do we mean by virtue? What does “right” even mean?
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9. 5. AESTHETICS
 In the world of philosophy, Aesthetics refers to the study of everything
related to beauty, art, and good taste. This includes how we define art, how
we feel when viewing art or witnessing beauty, how we judge works of art,
and how we form our taste.
 This branch of philosophy concerns itself with questions that include: What
is art? What makes an artwork successful? Is art an expression of feelings?
Can it be a “vehicle of truth?” Is “good taste” innate or learned? And, is art
and morality connected?
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10. The philosophy of librarian-ship
well be continue….
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11. Thank y
o
u
‫ش‬
‫کر‬
‫ی‬
‫ہ‬
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