The document discusses various commands used to search, view, and manage files and processes in Linux and UNIX-like operating systems. It describes commands like find, grep, killall, and PATH that allow searching for files based on name or content. It also covers commands for viewing file contents (cat), getting command documentation (man), changing directories (cd), copying/moving files (cp, mv), creating/deleting directories (mkdir, rmdir), removing files or directories (rm), and listing or killing processes (ls, ps, kill).
CompTIA Linux+ Powered by LPI certifies foundational skills and knowledge of Linux. With Linux being the central operating system for much of the world’s IT infrastructure, Linux+ is an essential credential for individuals working in IT, especially those on the path of a Web and software development career. With CompTIA’s Linux+ Powered by LPI certification, you’ll acquire the fundamental skills and knowledge you need to successfully configure, manage and troubleshoot Linux systems. Recommended experience for this certification includes CompTIA A+, CompTIA Network+ and 12 months of Linux admin experience. No prerequisites required.
CompTIA Linux+ Powered by LPI certifies foundational skills and knowledge of Linux. With Linux being the central operating system for much of the world’s IT infrastructure, Linux+ is an essential credential for individuals working in IT, especially those on the path of a Web and software development career. With CompTIA’s Linux+ Powered by LPI certification, you’ll acquire the fundamental skills and knowledge you need to successfully configure, manage and troubleshoot Linux systems. Recommended experience for this certification includes CompTIA A+, CompTIA Network+ and 12 months of Linux admin experience. No prerequisites required.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
1. Searching the File System
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• Use command- find
– It search for files in a directory hierarchy under Linux and
all other UNIX like operating systems.
– Examples:
• find . - name thisfile.txt. ...
• find /home -name *.jpg. Look for all . ...
2. Searching the File System contd..
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Use command- grep
• grep is an acronym that stands for Global Regular Expression
Print.
The grep command searches through the file, looking for matches to
the pattern specified.
Grep is case-sensitive.
Example:
grep myname biodata
• Here biodata is file and myname is specific pattern for searching in
biodata file
4. Use of grep contd..
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5. Kill command
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– The killall is a Linux only command. It kills processes by names.
– Examples:
• killall {Process-Name-Here}
• killall -9 {Process-Name-Here}
• killall -15 {Process-Name-Here}
• kill the process using a PID (Process ID)
– # kill 3486
PID can be searched using pgrep command
6. Path Variable
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• It displays or set a search path for executable files at the command line.
• Syntax PATH pathname [;pathname] [;pathname] [;pathname]... PATH
PATH ; Key pathname : drive letter and/or folder ; : the command 'PATH ;'
will clear the path PATH without parameters will display the current path.
• The %PATH% environment variable contains a list of folders.
• The PATH variable is an environment variable containing an ordered
list of paths that Linux will search for executables when running a
command.
– For example, if we want to print Hello, world! in Bash, the
command echo can be used rather than /bin/echo, so long as /bin is in
PATH:
9. Other Shell Commands:
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• ls
• cat
• man
• cd
• touch
• cp
• mv
• rmdir
• mkdir
• rm
• chmod
• pwd
• ps
• kill
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ls command
• The ls command is used to list files or directories in Linux and other Unix-
based operating systems.
• Use of ls command as below:
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cat command
• Outputs the contents of a text file.
• You can use it to read brief files or to concatenate files together.
• To append file1 onto the end of file2, enter:
• cat file1 >> file2
• To view the contents of a file named myfile, enter:
• cat myfile
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man command
• The man command is a built-in manual for using Linux commands.
• Displays the user manual of any command that we can run on the terminal.
It provides a detailed view of the command which includes NAME,
SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, EXIT STATUS, RETURN
VALUES, ERRORS, FILES, VERSIONS, EXAMPLES, AUTHORS.
• Basic Symbol
• option – the search result output.
• section number – the section in which to look for the man page.
• command name – the name of the command which man page you want to
see.
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cd command
• It changes your current directory location.
• By default, your Unix login session begins in your home directory.
• To switch to a subdirectory (of the current directory) named myfiles, enter:
• cd myfiles
• To switch to a directory named /home/dvader/empire_docs, enter:
• cd /home/dvader/empire_docs
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cp
• This command copies a file, preserving the original and creating an
identical copy.
– cp -i oldfile newfile
mv
mv stands for move.
mv is used to move one or more files or directories from one place to
another in a file system like UNIX.
Use it as:
mv [Option] source destination
chmod
• This command changes the permission information associated with a
file.
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Mkdir
• The mkdir command is used to create (or make) a directory.
• Example:
• # mkdir LPUCSE
rmdir
• The rmdir directory is used to remove directories, but only those that are
empty (i.e., contain no files or subdirectories). In order to delete a directory
with actual contents, you must use the rm -R command.
• Example
• To remove an empty directory:
• # rmdir /mike
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Rm
Use the rm command to remove files you no longer need.
Example
Removing one file at a time
$ rm CSEA.txt
Pwd
Simply type pwd into your terminal, and the command will output the absolute
path of your print working directory.
The pwd command writes to standard output the full path name of your current
directory (from the root directory). All directories are separated by a /
(slash). The root directory is represented by the first /, and the last directory
named is your current directory.
The ps command, short for Process Status, is a command line utility that is
used to display or view information related to the processes running in a
Linux system.
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ps
The ps command, short for Process Status, is a command line utility that is
used to display or view information related to the processes running in a
Linux system.
kill
kill command in Linux (located in /bin/kill), is a built-in command which is
used to terminate processes manually.