The LINUS programme aims to ensure all Malaysian students master basic literacy and numeracy skills in Bahasa Malaysia by the end of primary year 3. It targets students struggling in reading, writing and arithmetic. LINUS implements screening tests 3 times yearly. It utilizes teaching modules and trains teachers to help struggling students. Commitment from stakeholders and monitoring by officers aims to achieve the goal of 90% literacy and numeracy rates by 2010, which was surpassed with over 99% achievement. LINUS expanded to include English in 2013 as LINUS 2.0.

1. LITERACY AND NUMERACY
PROGRAMME
( LINUS )
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2. NKRA -TO MEET THE CHALLENGES THAT PREVENT THE
REALIZATION OF VISION 2020
EDUCATION ( ONE OF THE 6 NKRA)
LINUS - SUB NKRA (SUB-NATIONAL KEY RESULT AREA)
LINUS is an acronym Literacy and Numeracy Screening
Objective – to ensure that all students master basic
literacy and numeracy skills in BAHASA MALAYSIA
at the end of the first 3 years of Primary Education
Targeted at students with problems in Reading,
Writing and Arithmetics/Counting
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3. DEFINITION
Literacy is defined as the ability to read, write
and understand simple words and complex
sentences in Bahasa Malaysia and apply
knowledge of learning and communication
Numeracy is defined as the ability to read, write,
count and up to 1,000, be competent in
mathematical operations such as add,
subtract, multiply and divide, and to apply
them in money, time and length
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4. WHY?....... LITERACY AND NUMERACY STANDARDS IN
MALAYSIA SHOWS: (BEFORE 2010)
Number of students who do not Number of students who do not
achieve target literacy standards achieve target numeracy standards
at the end of Year 1 (% in brackets) at the end of Year 1 (% in brackets)
117,024
(24%)
100,000 100,000
80,000 80,000
50,253 51,486 54,272
60,000 (11%) (10%) (13%) 60,000
40,000 40,000
PROTIM
20,000 20,000 beginning in
2008
0 0
2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008
SUMBER: KIA2M untuk kadar literasi dan PROTIM untuk kadar
numerasi 4
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5. HOW ? ...... 6 STRATEGIES
TO ACHIEVE 90% LITERACY AND NUMERACY SKILLS BY 2010
1. Screening process
2. Teaching and learning modules
3. Teacher training
4. Commitment of all stakeholders
5. Monitoring and Supervision
6. Facilitators at the district level.
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6. 1. SCREENING PROCESS:
- conducted 3 times a year
 March,
 June
 and September each year until Year 3)
- Students who do not achieve a certain level will
be identified
 to follow the LINUS programme OR
 a Special Education program.
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7. Screening Process - 3 times a year
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8. Basic Literacy
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9. Ayat Tunggal (Simple Sentence)
1. terdiri daripada satu subjek dan satu predikat.
Contoh : Lelaki gemuk itu sedang menembak burung.
Dia sangat kaya , Dia sangat sombong
Subjek = Lelaki gemuk itu Predikat = sedang menembak burung.
Ayat Majmuk (Compound sentence)
1. mengandungi dua atau lebih ayat
- ayat tunggal disambungkan oleh perkataan Kata Hubung seperti dan,
atau, kecuali, tetapi, dan lain-lain.
Contoh:
A) Razak mengambil sebuah buku cerita. ( Ayat Tunggal )
B) Razak membaca buku itu. ( Ayat Tunggal )
C) Razak mengambil sebuah buku cerita lalu membaca buku itu. ( Ayat
Majmuk )
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10. Basic Numeracy
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11. 2. Teaching and learning modules
- Develop new teaching and learning of literacy and
numeracy (Yr 1 – Yr 3)
- Modules are based on the concept
 from the easiest to the more difficult
 emphasizing on application of concepts learned.
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12. 3. TEACHER TRAINING
- To overcome the shortage of teachers with
expertise in teaching basic literacy and
numeracy,
- intensive teacher training to deliver effectively
learning modules.
- From November 2009 to February 2010,
17,000 teachers were trained.
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13. ▪ Training includes
the following:
Professional
Training  Integrate various
pedagogical methods
 Strengthen teaching
skills using technology
TEACHING REMEDIAL
 Provide a variety of
LINUS STUDENTS teaching and learning
resources
▪ Development of new materials and  Reveal best practices
modules for effective teachingand in the teaching of basic
learning literacy and numeracy
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14. Ratio of Remedial Teachers to students
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15. 4. COMMITMENT OF ALL STAKEHOLDERS
Awareness programs
- State Education Department, District
Education Office, school heads,
parents, teacher unions and the
community began in Dec 2009 - Jan
2010.
Purpose : to increase understanding of the
importance of all the LINUS program
and to gain their support.
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16. 5. MONITORING AND SUPERVISION
• By officers at the district level and the
Inspectorate and Quality Assurance officers
- on 10% of low-performing schools.
• To monitor the progress of students who
attend the program
- reports on the results of the monitoring will
be produced twice in 2010,.
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17. 6. FACILITATORS AT THE DISTRICT LEVEL
• Conduct 'coaching and mentoring' for
LINUS program teachers
• Help schools to plan appropriate strategies
based on the results of screening tests
• Serve as a liason officer between the
schools and PPD, JPN and MOE.
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18. DESIRED OUTCOME:
Every child will have basic literacy and
numeracy skills after three years of
primary education 90
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19. NEWSPAPER REPORT: BERITA HARIAN
LINUS
programme LINUS 2.0 FOR
for BM since ENGLISH IN
2010 2013
ACHIEVED
99.84% 99.92 %
Literacy Numeracy
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20. Laman Web Rasmi BPK:
Timbalan Pengarah Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum,
Kementerian Pelajaran, Shamsuri Sujak explained:
“…………….. students with English literacy
problems will receive assistance and additional
support through LINUS 2.0 to enable them to be
on par with others in the mainstream," he told a
press conference here yesterday.
Basic screening will be carried out in Year One
in June 2013 to determine the level of students'
literacy in English to students who need special
attention are identified.
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21. What can Frog VLE do
for linus in 2013 ?
• Frog VLE can be used to support LINUS for English in
Primary schools starting 2013 and the ongoing LINUS for
BM and Maths
• Teachers can be encouraged to search for interactive and
dynamic resources online / Frogstore
• Collaborate on building teaching resources on Frog VLE
• Share best practices in the teaching of basic literacy and
numeracy through Frog VLE
• Implementation Consultants – mentoring and coaching
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22. Old Mac Donald…
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23. Resources:
http://nkrapendidikan.moe.my
http://www.moe.gov.my/jpnselangor/
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