This academic article discusses limitations of blended learning implementation in Bangladesh based on interviews with teachers and administrators. The key findings are:
1) Political instability in Bangladesh causes frequent disruptions to the academic calendar, hindering blended learning adoption.
2) Insufficient and unreliable electricity supply is a major obstacle as blended learning relies on online components.
3) Lack of necessary physical and network infrastructure, as well as teachers' lack of digital skills, present significant barriers.
The document presents an analysis of Pakistan's tax reforms between 2019-2020. It provides background on Pakistan's need for tax reforms to reduce budget deficits. It summarizes the key tax policy changes introduced in 2019-2020, including increased taxes, reduced exemptions, and higher penalties for tax evasion. It then critiques the outcomes of the reforms, noting that while tax revenues increased, the reforms have contributed to higher inflation and a slowing economy. The document concludes by forecasting continued high inflation and budget deficits if spending is not curtailed, and provides recommendations to improve tax compliance and administration.
Education system of Pakistan and scotlandZainab Imran
Education system of Pakistan and scotland
it compares the education system of Pakistan with Scotland describing its literacy rate, GDP, levels of education, examination system and recommendations to improve our education system
At Sveriges Radio, Stockholm February 6th 2015, Mr. Kenneth Wenzel from Open Channel in Denmark shared the experiences gained, from being the world’s first to deploy and trial digital radio based on the new DVB-T2 profile T2 Lite. The presentation proved the superiority and robustness of T2 Lite for digital radio, instead of DAB+, which is widely regarded as obsolete today.
This document provides an overview and analysis of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) standards and technologies. It describes the basic concepts of PON networks including network architecture, upstream and downstream data transmission principles, and frame structures. It also analyzes key GPON standards from standards bodies like ITU-T and compares GPON to EPON. The document aims to give the reader an understanding of GPON networks, standards, and technologies.
The document summarizes key achievements and milestones in the Nigerian education sector during the mid-term of President Goodluck Jonathan's administration from 2011 to 2013. It outlines increases in budget allocation to education, disbursement of funds to support basic and tertiary education, and initiatives to improve access such as establishing new universities and vocational training centers. It also details efforts to enhance quality through infrastructure development, providing teaching resources, and developing teachers.
Budget is an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time.
From the perspective of Bangladesh the most important issues that are going to impact middle and poor class people need to be discussed
The document presents an analysis of Pakistan's tax reforms between 2019-2020. It provides background on Pakistan's need for tax reforms to reduce budget deficits. It summarizes the key tax policy changes introduced in 2019-2020, including increased taxes, reduced exemptions, and higher penalties for tax evasion. It then critiques the outcomes of the reforms, noting that while tax revenues increased, the reforms have contributed to higher inflation and a slowing economy. The document concludes by forecasting continued high inflation and budget deficits if spending is not curtailed, and provides recommendations to improve tax compliance and administration.
Education system of Pakistan and scotlandZainab Imran
Education system of Pakistan and scotland
it compares the education system of Pakistan with Scotland describing its literacy rate, GDP, levels of education, examination system and recommendations to improve our education system
At Sveriges Radio, Stockholm February 6th 2015, Mr. Kenneth Wenzel from Open Channel in Denmark shared the experiences gained, from being the world’s first to deploy and trial digital radio based on the new DVB-T2 profile T2 Lite. The presentation proved the superiority and robustness of T2 Lite for digital radio, instead of DAB+, which is widely regarded as obsolete today.
This document provides an overview and analysis of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) standards and technologies. It describes the basic concepts of PON networks including network architecture, upstream and downstream data transmission principles, and frame structures. It also analyzes key GPON standards from standards bodies like ITU-T and compares GPON to EPON. The document aims to give the reader an understanding of GPON networks, standards, and technologies.
The document summarizes key achievements and milestones in the Nigerian education sector during the mid-term of President Goodluck Jonathan's administration from 2011 to 2013. It outlines increases in budget allocation to education, disbursement of funds to support basic and tertiary education, and initiatives to improve access such as establishing new universities and vocational training centers. It also details efforts to enhance quality through infrastructure development, providing teaching resources, and developing teachers.
Budget is an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time.
From the perspective of Bangladesh the most important issues that are going to impact middle and poor class people need to be discussed
Liam Griffin is seeking a sales or tele-sales position and has over 4 years of sales experience in roles involving cold calling, face-to-face sales, and handling inbound enquiries. He has a passion for sales and has developed strong communication, neuro-linguistic programming, and closing skills. His employment history includes positions as a financial adviser, sales assistant, and barista/chef. He has a City & Guilds qualification in plumbing and GCSEs grades A*-C.
Intellectual property rights and economic growthAlexander Decker
The document analyzes the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and economic growth in developing countries. It finds that stronger IPR protection is positively correlated with economic growth, based on empirical analysis of a cross-country data set from 1995-2011 that controls for factors like investment, political stability, and openness. Previous studies on this topic are reviewed, with mixed findings reported on the impact of IPR on innovation and growth depending on a country's level of development.
Troy Botkins has over 15 years of experience in injection molding including process engineering, validation, continuous improvement, and automation. He is a Six Sigma Greenbelt trained in Kaizen and 5S methodology. Botkins has held roles at Beach Mold & Tool, JohnsonControls Interiors Manufacturing, and Southern IndianaPlastics where he launched new tools, maintained process integrity, and led product launches and improvements. He holds an associate's degree from Ivy Tech Community College and a high school diploma.
Este documento resume las medidas de prevención primaria y secundaria para la diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial y caídas. En la prevención primaria se recomiendan estilos de vida saludables y cuestionarios de riesgo como FINDRISC. La prevención secundaria incluye diagnóstico temprano, control de la glucosa y presión arterial, y reducción de factores de riesgo. También se discuten intervenciones sobre polimedicación, como revisar medicamentos y reducir dosis innecesarias.
Imara Shabazz is seeking a position as a line cook where she can utilize her skills and experience. She has over 3 years of experience as a line cook at Bon Appétit in San Francisco where she prepares foods and salads for over 600 employees daily, cooks meat and vegetarian options, operates a grill, provides excellent customer service, and ensures food safety standards are followed. She also has experience as an apparel processor where she safely processed merchandise. Imara has a high school diploma and attended Chabot Community College. She works well under pressure as part of a team and is meticulous, responsible, and punctual.
Iron and iodine supplementation in school children in ngargoyoso sub district...Alexander Decker
This study examined the effects of iron and iodine supplementation on 365 school children in Ngargoyoso sub-district, Central Java, Indonesia. The children were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1 received iron twice weekly plus daily iodine via drinking water. Group 2 received iron six days a week plus daily iodine via drinking water. Both groups showed significant increases in hemoglobin and median urinary iodine levels after 6 weeks. However, anemia prevalence only slightly decreased. Adding iron to iodine supplementation was effective in improving nutritional status, but anemia remains a major public health problem in the area requiring ongoing intervention.
Este documento proporciona información sobre la espirometría, incluida su definición, indicaciones, contraindicaciones, recomendaciones, procedimiento y interpretación. La espirometría mide el volumen de aire espirado en relación con el tiempo y se utiliza para evaluar la función pulmonar. Los resultados se interpretan para identificar patrones de obstrucción, restricción o mixtos y clasificar la gravedad de cualquier alteración.
Loan provision by micro financing institutions for poverty reduction and its ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that assesses the linkages between microfinance loan provision and local economic development strategies in Ethiopia. It finds that while microfinance institutions have expanded access to credit for the poor, there is little coordination between their loan programs and local economic priorities. The paper reviews theories on the role of microfinance in poverty reduction and definitions of local economic development. It finds that microfinance has had mixed results in reducing poverty and needs to be better aligned with local conditions. The researcher concludes there is a lack of synergy between microfinance institutions, small businesses, and local development plans in Ethiopia, and recommends stakeholders strengthen these linkages to better achieve poverty reduction goals.
Issues and strategic approaches in strengthening agricultural educationAlexander Decker
This document discusses issues facing agricultural education at the University of Eastern Philippines and strategic approaches to strengthen it. Enrollment in agricultural programs had been declining but has increased dramatically in recent years, especially in agricultural education. Key issues include a mismatch between skills taught and industry demands, and challenges from curriculum changes. Strategic approaches to address issues include regular curriculum updates, expanding program offerings to include fisheries and natural resources, international student exchanges, entrepreneurship opportunities for students, and ensuring education is practical and community-focused. The goal is to produce graduates equipped to meet industry needs and improve lives in the community through agriculture.
Macroeconomic and industry determinants of interest rate spread empirical evi...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examines the bank-specific, industry-specific, and macroeconomic factors that influence interest rate spreads in Ghanaian commercial banks from 1990 to 2010. The study uses data from 33 commercial banks over this 21-year period. Key findings include that interest rate spreads are significantly influenced by bank ownership, management efficiency, GDP per capita, and government securities. Government borrowing also influences spreads but has a negative effect. The paper aims to identify important determinants of interest rate spreads for central banks, commercial banks, and economic managers in Ghana.
Interoperability among various Generations of Telecom TechnologiesMafaz Ahmed
Interoperability means that how different telecommunication devices of different generation communicate with each other. This topic is gaining importance because we have to make the devices backward compatible so that old devices can work together with new evolved system and techniques. It is the main problem of today’s telecommunication industry to establish a link between heterogeneous networks.
Induction of pathogenesis related proteins and phenol in chickpea plants trea...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins and phenols in chickpea plants in response to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri. Treatments with biocontrol agents (bio-root care, non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizobium leguminisarum) induced acquired resistance against the pathogen. Plants treated with the bioagents accumulated higher levels of phenols and pathogenesis-related proteins like peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and glucanase compared to control plants. The highest levels of phenols, peroxidase activity, and accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins occurred in plants treated
Investigation into safety practices by automobile mechanics at siwdo kokompeAlexander Decker
This document discusses safety practices of automobile mechanics in Siwdo Kokompe, Cape Coast, Ghana. It finds that the mechanics lack education on proper safety measures. They do not consistently use safety gear like boots, gloves, glasses. Their workshops also lack proper ventilation and fire safety equipment. The document recommends intensive safety training for the mechanics on safe tool use, handling hazardous materials, preventing fires and injuries from falling objects, burns and toxic fumes.
POSCO es una empresa surcoreana que es actualmente el sexto mayor productor de acero crudo en el mundo. Se estableció en 1968 como una empresa conjunta entre el gobierno surcoreano y un empresario privado. Inicialmente era propiedad público-privada, pero se privatizó completamente en 2000. POSCO ha crecido para convertirse en una de las mayores empresas siderúrgicas a nivel mundial, gracias a la alta demanda de acero en Corea del Sur y China.
This document discusses the need for societies and economies to embrace environmental ethics as a driver for stable, just, and self-sustaining communities worldwide. It notes that current societies face challenges like climate change and ecosystem degradation. The paper recommends adopting ethical duties and virtues focused on positive environmental outcomes. Embracing environmental ethics could help address issues and create more humane and sustainable living conditions for future generations.
The document discusses 4 research articles that examine the impact of blended learning on student engagement in high school students. The articles found that blended learning can positively impact engagement when implemented properly with considerations for student autonomy, self-regulation skills, adequate technology access, and teacher support. However, engagement is also influenced by factors like learning profiles, classroom setup, and varying perceptions of effectiveness between teachers and students. Overall, blended learning provides opportunities to support individualized learning but requires strong pedagogical design and understanding of student needs to maximize engagement.
Liam Griffin is seeking a sales or tele-sales position and has over 4 years of sales experience in roles involving cold calling, face-to-face sales, and handling inbound enquiries. He has a passion for sales and has developed strong communication, neuro-linguistic programming, and closing skills. His employment history includes positions as a financial adviser, sales assistant, and barista/chef. He has a City & Guilds qualification in plumbing and GCSEs grades A*-C.
Intellectual property rights and economic growthAlexander Decker
The document analyzes the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and economic growth in developing countries. It finds that stronger IPR protection is positively correlated with economic growth, based on empirical analysis of a cross-country data set from 1995-2011 that controls for factors like investment, political stability, and openness. Previous studies on this topic are reviewed, with mixed findings reported on the impact of IPR on innovation and growth depending on a country's level of development.
Troy Botkins has over 15 years of experience in injection molding including process engineering, validation, continuous improvement, and automation. He is a Six Sigma Greenbelt trained in Kaizen and 5S methodology. Botkins has held roles at Beach Mold & Tool, JohnsonControls Interiors Manufacturing, and Southern IndianaPlastics where he launched new tools, maintained process integrity, and led product launches and improvements. He holds an associate's degree from Ivy Tech Community College and a high school diploma.
Este documento resume las medidas de prevención primaria y secundaria para la diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial y caídas. En la prevención primaria se recomiendan estilos de vida saludables y cuestionarios de riesgo como FINDRISC. La prevención secundaria incluye diagnóstico temprano, control de la glucosa y presión arterial, y reducción de factores de riesgo. También se discuten intervenciones sobre polimedicación, como revisar medicamentos y reducir dosis innecesarias.
Imara Shabazz is seeking a position as a line cook where she can utilize her skills and experience. She has over 3 years of experience as a line cook at Bon Appétit in San Francisco where she prepares foods and salads for over 600 employees daily, cooks meat and vegetarian options, operates a grill, provides excellent customer service, and ensures food safety standards are followed. She also has experience as an apparel processor where she safely processed merchandise. Imara has a high school diploma and attended Chabot Community College. She works well under pressure as part of a team and is meticulous, responsible, and punctual.
Iron and iodine supplementation in school children in ngargoyoso sub district...Alexander Decker
This study examined the effects of iron and iodine supplementation on 365 school children in Ngargoyoso sub-district, Central Java, Indonesia. The children were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1 received iron twice weekly plus daily iodine via drinking water. Group 2 received iron six days a week plus daily iodine via drinking water. Both groups showed significant increases in hemoglobin and median urinary iodine levels after 6 weeks. However, anemia prevalence only slightly decreased. Adding iron to iodine supplementation was effective in improving nutritional status, but anemia remains a major public health problem in the area requiring ongoing intervention.
Este documento proporciona información sobre la espirometría, incluida su definición, indicaciones, contraindicaciones, recomendaciones, procedimiento y interpretación. La espirometría mide el volumen de aire espirado en relación con el tiempo y se utiliza para evaluar la función pulmonar. Los resultados se interpretan para identificar patrones de obstrucción, restricción o mixtos y clasificar la gravedad de cualquier alteración.
Loan provision by micro financing institutions for poverty reduction and its ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that assesses the linkages between microfinance loan provision and local economic development strategies in Ethiopia. It finds that while microfinance institutions have expanded access to credit for the poor, there is little coordination between their loan programs and local economic priorities. The paper reviews theories on the role of microfinance in poverty reduction and definitions of local economic development. It finds that microfinance has had mixed results in reducing poverty and needs to be better aligned with local conditions. The researcher concludes there is a lack of synergy between microfinance institutions, small businesses, and local development plans in Ethiopia, and recommends stakeholders strengthen these linkages to better achieve poverty reduction goals.
Issues and strategic approaches in strengthening agricultural educationAlexander Decker
This document discusses issues facing agricultural education at the University of Eastern Philippines and strategic approaches to strengthen it. Enrollment in agricultural programs had been declining but has increased dramatically in recent years, especially in agricultural education. Key issues include a mismatch between skills taught and industry demands, and challenges from curriculum changes. Strategic approaches to address issues include regular curriculum updates, expanding program offerings to include fisheries and natural resources, international student exchanges, entrepreneurship opportunities for students, and ensuring education is practical and community-focused. The goal is to produce graduates equipped to meet industry needs and improve lives in the community through agriculture.
Macroeconomic and industry determinants of interest rate spread empirical evi...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examines the bank-specific, industry-specific, and macroeconomic factors that influence interest rate spreads in Ghanaian commercial banks from 1990 to 2010. The study uses data from 33 commercial banks over this 21-year period. Key findings include that interest rate spreads are significantly influenced by bank ownership, management efficiency, GDP per capita, and government securities. Government borrowing also influences spreads but has a negative effect. The paper aims to identify important determinants of interest rate spreads for central banks, commercial banks, and economic managers in Ghana.
Interoperability among various Generations of Telecom TechnologiesMafaz Ahmed
Interoperability means that how different telecommunication devices of different generation communicate with each other. This topic is gaining importance because we have to make the devices backward compatible so that old devices can work together with new evolved system and techniques. It is the main problem of today’s telecommunication industry to establish a link between heterogeneous networks.
Induction of pathogenesis related proteins and phenol in chickpea plants trea...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins and phenols in chickpea plants in response to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri. Treatments with biocontrol agents (bio-root care, non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizobium leguminisarum) induced acquired resistance against the pathogen. Plants treated with the bioagents accumulated higher levels of phenols and pathogenesis-related proteins like peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and glucanase compared to control plants. The highest levels of phenols, peroxidase activity, and accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins occurred in plants treated
Investigation into safety practices by automobile mechanics at siwdo kokompeAlexander Decker
This document discusses safety practices of automobile mechanics in Siwdo Kokompe, Cape Coast, Ghana. It finds that the mechanics lack education on proper safety measures. They do not consistently use safety gear like boots, gloves, glasses. Their workshops also lack proper ventilation and fire safety equipment. The document recommends intensive safety training for the mechanics on safe tool use, handling hazardous materials, preventing fires and injuries from falling objects, burns and toxic fumes.
POSCO es una empresa surcoreana que es actualmente el sexto mayor productor de acero crudo en el mundo. Se estableció en 1968 como una empresa conjunta entre el gobierno surcoreano y un empresario privado. Inicialmente era propiedad público-privada, pero se privatizó completamente en 2000. POSCO ha crecido para convertirse en una de las mayores empresas siderúrgicas a nivel mundial, gracias a la alta demanda de acero en Corea del Sur y China.
This document discusses the need for societies and economies to embrace environmental ethics as a driver for stable, just, and self-sustaining communities worldwide. It notes that current societies face challenges like climate change and ecosystem degradation. The paper recommends adopting ethical duties and virtues focused on positive environmental outcomes. Embracing environmental ethics could help address issues and create more humane and sustainable living conditions for future generations.
The document discusses 4 research articles that examine the impact of blended learning on student engagement in high school students. The articles found that blended learning can positively impact engagement when implemented properly with considerations for student autonomy, self-regulation skills, adequate technology access, and teacher support. However, engagement is also influenced by factors like learning profiles, classroom setup, and varying perceptions of effectiveness between teachers and students. Overall, blended learning provides opportunities to support individualized learning but requires strong pedagogical design and understanding of student needs to maximize engagement.
Discovering rules for nursery students using apriori algorithmjournalBEEI
Over recent years, there has been a rise in the number of students completing nursery education in Bangladesh. However, in order to achieve a sustainable education goal, the dropout rate in education needs to be reduced. Therefore, this research worked on providing insights that would help to understand the possible causes of dropout from education. Since primary education is the starting point for every student, this research has been conducted on this part of education. The research used data obtained from a European country, Slovenia to use the insights of a developed country. The study was conducted using association rule mining where several mining rules were generated using the Apriori algorithm. The rules obtained had the confidence of 0.95 and support of 0.04. The result showed three major rules of dropping out children in nursery education and eventually helps to ensure higher education for all children.
This study explored the main barriers to effective integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Harare Secondary School Education. Data were collected using close ended questionnaires. Participatory research was also carried out to familiarize with the changes happening in secondary schools with respect to integration of ICT in education and to find out the challenges being faced. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). The results showed that although teachers are aware of the benefits of using ICTs in education there was still limited use of this pedagogy in classrooms as teachers were facing a number of challenges which acted as barriers to the successful implementation of ICT in education. These include lack of a clear sense of direction on how to use ICT to enhance the learning of students, inadequate resources and support as well as lack of the required technological skills among the teachers. The study recommends that effective planning to counter these barriers before implementation would greatly increase the effectiveness of ICT integration in secondary schools.
This research paper proposal aims to examine the effectiveness of blended learning methods on students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The research questions whether digital learning affects the performance of these students. Students from low-income areas often lack access to digital tools and face challenges like health issues and lack of resources that can impact cognition and ability to engage with blended learning. While blended learning combines traditional and digital methods and has been shown to actively engage students, those from low-income backgrounds may not have the means to access necessary technology. The research intends to directly test if blended learning impacts the performance of students from low socioeconomic status to help educators and policymakers improve outcomes for these students.
This research paper proposal aims to examine the effectiveness of blended learning methods on students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The research questions whether digital learning affects the performance of these students. Students from low-income areas often lack access to digital tools and face challenges like health issues and lack of resources that can impact cognition and ability to engage with blended learning. While blended learning combines traditional and digital methods and has been shown to actively engage students, those from low-income backgrounds may not have the means to access necessary technology. The research intends to directly test if blended learning correlates with performance for these students and could provide insights to help educators better support their learning.
Predicting students’ intention to continue business courses on online platfor...Samsul Alam
The objective of this study was to analyze the intention of a University's business department students to continue their studies on e-learning platforms during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, a questionnaire was developed to collect primary data from students in business fields. The study took into account more than 285 respondents from two different universities and relied on the expectation confirmation model (ECM) theory and the structural equation model. The partial least squares (SEM-PLS) method was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that task skills (TS) and task challenges (TC) were significant for the enjoyment (EN) of the students which in turn had a positive effect on the satisfaction levels. Confirmation (CON) had an impact on the post adoption perceived usefulness (PAPU), which was deemed positive for student satisfaction (SAT). The SAT and psychological safety (PS) of online learning platforms were found to positively influence the continuance intention (CI) on e-learning platforms. Finally, both SAT and PS of online learning platforms were observed to positively influence CI on e-learning platforms. Further research in this area could be useful in making decisions about promoting educational programs based on e-learning. The researchers recommend that academicians and policymakers must ensure appropriate arrangements for teaching on e-learning platforms.
I N T E R N A T I O N A L E D U C A T I O N A L S C I E N T I F I C R E S E A...S. Raj Kumar
Present scenario, E-learning resources gain access to classrooms around the world at an extremely rapid pace. In the wake of this influx, educators face growing challenges as they teach a much “wired” and more and more “wireless” generation of students using technology that is evolving every day. This paper deals with the electronic resources (E-Resources) and their different types. The information seeking behavior of students, researchers and faculty in the electronic milieu are thrashing out in detail, looks at the E- resources created by some organizations are highlighted for access. The main objective of the present Study is to find out the study on E-learning Resources Access and Academic Performance among Under Graduate Students. Normative Survey method was adopted to collect the relevant data for the present study. The tool E-learning Resources Scale (ELRAS) developed and standardized by S. Raja kumar and P. Pachaiyappan, was used to collect data for the present study. The Researcher randomly selected 330 Under Graduate Students studying in Government, Government Aided and Private Colleges in and around Vellore and Thiruvallur District of Tamilnadu. The result existing study was done in order to find the E-Learning Resources Access and Academic Performance of under Graduate Students on the whole it perceived the data explores several factors which are significant in parenteral annual income of E-learning Resources Access and the study Academic performance is significant in Stream and E-device using hours of undergraduate students. Keywords: E-learning, E-resources, E- Access, Academic performance, Under-graduate Students.
The document discusses a mixed-methods study that evaluated the use of flipped classroom in a problem-based learning (PBL) medical curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantitative data from student evaluations of different blocks showed some blocks had unbalanced learning loads and lacked block learning management and knowledge retention. Qualitative analysis identified four key themes: 1) Flipped classroom time allocation is sensitive; 2) Learning objectives require activity and media support; 3) Flipped classroom requires different teaching training; and 4) Flipped classroom experiences can cause psychological burnout from heavy workloads. The study provides insights into improving online PBL instructional designs during pandemics.
On the Usage of Databases of Educational Materials in Macedonian EducationIJITE
Technologies have become important part of our lives. The steps for introducing ICTs in education vary from
country to country. The Republic of Macedonia has invested with a lot in installment of hardware and
software in education and in teacher training. This research was aiming to determine the situation of usage of
databases of digital educational materials and to define recommendation for future improvements. Teachers
from urban schools were interviewed with a questionnaire. The findings are several: only part of the
interviewed teachers had experience with databases of educational materials; all teachers still need capacity
building activities focusing exactly on the use and benefits from databases of educational materials;
preferably capacity building materials to be in Macedonian language; technical support and upgrading of
software and materials should be performed on a regular basis. Most of the findings can be applied at both
national and international level – with all this implemented, application of ICT in education will have much
bigger positive impact.
ON THE USAGE OF DATABASES OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS IN MACEDONIAN EDUCATIONIJITE
Technologies have become important part of our lives. The steps for introducing ICTs in education vary from country to country. The Republic of Macedonia has invested with a lot in installment of hardware and software in education and in teacher training. This research was aiming to determine the situation of usage of databases of digital educational materials and to define recommendation for future improvements. Teachers from urban schools were interviewed with a questionnaire. The findings are several: only part of the interviewed teachers had experience with databases of educational materials; all teachers still need capacity building activities focusing exactly on the use and benefits from databases of educational materials; preferably capacity building materials to be in Macedonian language; technical support and upgrading of software and materials should be performed on a regular basis. Most of the findings can be applied at both national and international level – with all this implemented, application of ICT in education will have much
bigger positive impact
Impact of Blended Learning Approach on Students’ Achievement in Quadratic and...ijtsrd
This paper examined the effect of blended learning BL on students’ achievement in Quadratic and Simultaneous equations in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. Blended learning is a learning strategy that supplements traditional face to face instruction congruent to the traditional lecture method TLM with computer based learning, to which students subscribe. A control group and a quasi experimental design were adopted for this study. Purposive sampling techniques were applied to select a sample of 320 students drawn from two secondary schools in which intact classes were used. The Quadratic and Simultaneous Equations Achievement Test QSEAT was developed with a reliability coefficient value of 0.82, and used as the research instrument. An analysis of covariance ANCOVA was used to test the hypotheses. All the hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that there was a statistically significant main effect of treatment on students’ achievement in Quadratic and Simultaneous equations. There was a statistically significant effect of blended learning BL on students’ achievement in Quadratic and Simultaneous equations. There was a statistically significant interaction effect of treatment control and experimental BL on students’ achievement in Quadratic and Simultaneous equations. The findings of the study revealed that the student’s achievement in Quadratic and Simultaneous equations was enhanced more when BL strategies were used than when TLM was used. Based on the findings of this study, it was therefore recommended that efforts be made to integrate the philosophy of BL into the preservice teachers’ curriculum at the teacher preparation institutions in Nigeria. Patrick Friday Obot "Impact of Blended Learning Approach on Students’ Achievement in Quadratic and Simultaneous Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61229.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/algebra/61229/impact-of-blended-learning-approach-on-students’-achievement-in-quadratic-and-simultaneous-equations/patrick-friday-obot
Attaining School Improvement through Internal and External Stakeholders Parti...ijtsrd
It is not deniable that stakeholders play an important role in managing educational institution. They are the partners of the school leaders in making the schools conducive to teaching and learning. Further, they are also responsible for attaining the learning outcomes through their active participation. This study assessed the level of implementation of internal and external stakeholders' participation on school based management. Based from the results of the study, the researcher concluded that the level of participation of internal and external stakeholders in school based management program was still in the process of adjustments. In addition, principal and the teachers were bombarded with additional task and this affected their limited time at school and teaching duties. Moreover, lack of financial resources was also the problem on the implementation. Hence, the researcher believed that there are more things to improve before we can attain the mission of this program. This research study might be deliberated by the public officials, school heads, teachers, parents and different stakeholders so that they will be encouraged to continuously support the schools operation for the benefit of all the stakeholders. Yveth L. Castro "Attaining School Improvement through Internal and External Stakeholders Participation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29447.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/29447/attaining-school-improvement-through-internal-and-external-stakeholders-participation/yveth-l-castro
PREPARING STUDENT TEACHERS TO TEACH WITH TECHNOLOGY: CASE STUDIES IN FINLAND ...IJITE
This quantitative study examines the training of student teachers for ICT-based teaching in two teacher education institution, in Israel and Finland. The data was collected in 2015-2017 using a questionnaire administered to 41 Finnish and 44 Israeli student teachers. The results show that most student teachers had practice in ICT-based teaching. However, about a third of student teachers in both institutions practiced only two times or less using ICT. Those who practiced mostly used a teacher-centred approach as did their college and school mentor teachers who integrated ICT in their lessons
PREPARING STUDENT TEACHERS TO TEACH WITH TECHNOLOGY: CASE STUDIES IN FINLAND ...IJITE
This quantitative study examines the training of student teachers for ICT-based teaching in two teacher education institution, in Israel and Finland. The data was collected in 2015-2017 using a questionnaire administered to 41 Finnish and 44 Israeli student teachers. The results show that most student teachers had practice in ICT-based teaching. However, about a third of student teachers in both institutions practiced only two times or less using ICT. Those who practiced mostly used a teacher-centred approach as did their college and school mentor teachers who integrated ICT in their lessons. The variable describing competency in ICT-based teaching correlated with student teachers' attitudes, the number of ICT-based lessons they taught, modelling by the school mentor teacher, and the various schools’ infrastructures and support. The results show that students in Israeli institutions are better prepared to teach with ICT which can be explained by the impact of the latest national reforms. We conclude that students' perception of their TPACK is the function of a variety of factors: on a personal level (attitudes towards the contribution of ICT to teaching and learning); on an institutional level (curriculum, modelling by faculty, institutional strategies); on a field practice school level (modelling by school mentors, infrastructure, pedagogical, technological, and administrative support); and on a national level (reforms and their implementation models). All these factors must be considered to promote the pedagogically innovative integration of ICT in teacher training and the overall education system. The best strategy to achieve this goal is to support collaboration between TEIs and schools on the national level. Wide-scale implementation of ICT in teaching demands significant investments in infrastructure and training. Hence much of its success depends on the national vision and priorities given to this purpose.
PREPARING STUDENT TEACHERS TO TEACH WITH TECHNOLOGY: CASE STUDIES IN FINLAND ...IJITE
This quantitative study examines the training of student teachers for ICT-based teaching in two teacher education institution, in Israel and Finland. The data was collected in 2015-2017 using a questionnaire
administered to 41 Finnish and 44 Israeli student teachers. The results show that most student teachers had practice in ICT-based teaching. However, about a third of student teachers in both institutions practiced only two times or less using ICT. Those who practiced mostly used a teacher-centred approach as did their college and school mentor teachers who integrated ICT in their lessons. The variable
describing competency in ICT-based teaching correlated with student teachers' attitudes, the number of ICT-based lessons they taught, modelling by the school mentor teacher, and the various schools infrastructures and support.
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Limitations of blended learning in bangladesh a measurement for a decade
1. Journal of Education and Practice
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.4, No.25, 2013
www.iiste.org
Limitations of Blended Learning in Bangladesh: A Measurement
for a Decade
Mohammad Belal Hossain
Southern University Bangladesh, GEC Campus, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Abstract
This study portrays a picture of why blended learning process in Bangladesh is now not appropriate to the
students in any level of education systems. A total of 21 teachers and 17 administrators in more than 25 public
and private universities interviewed with a set of 11 questions in a questionnaire. The results of frequency count
from the questionnaire showed that blended learning requires a minimum of 12-15 years to be implemented
across the country. There were also some positive signs of quick adaptation of blended learning process in
Bangladesh on conditions. Inadequate logistic support causes the obstacle to achieve the goal of blended learning
in Bangladesh. The acknowledgement of the interviewees on acceptability and sustainability of blended learning
to the students enhances the popularity of this process. Based on the analysis of the answers of interviewees in
this study, some suggestions have been added to make conscious to the policy makers in education sectors.
Keywords: Blended Learning, Logistic Support, Sustainability, Quick Adaption, Policy Makers
Introduction
Blended learning is the collection of the different ways that teachers make to keep students interested, inspired,
motivated and driven even after the long time of the completion of their particular courses. In addition, it is the
fusion of individual lessons, group lessons and phone lessons. The crucial factor in blended learning is the
electronic support coming from E-learning. In comparison to other countries across the world, blended learning
is quite new in teaching and learning methodology in Bangladesh. Time has emerged for blended learning as a
substitute learning process to the face to face traditional learning techniques. Teachers, students and their parents,
administrators in universities virtually feel the importance of a fresh process in learning and teaching sectors
over the country. Specially, blended learning as a substitute of traditional learning method was supposed to
welcome. But the scenario as to the expectation is completely different. Only text-based lecturing is the way of
teaching and learning mode in Bangladesh. The support that requires for the implementation of blended learning
is inadequate at this moment. By most standards, blended learning is a mechanism that bridges the old and the
new by impacting policy and strategic initiatives in higher education at virtually every level (Moskal et al., 2013).
Here in Bangladesh perspective relating to policy and initiatives for blended learning minimizes prospect of
newness in learning. Decision makers’ contribution to the implementation of their decisions on the achievement
of progressive and latest learning scheme gets less importance than the administrators’ contribution- to the
response of university lecturers. As blended learning is enriched with the addition of e-learning which penetrates
into a nation through web connection, in that sense Bangladesh is not ready yet to adapt it. To get connection one
needs continuation of electricity supply-a crying need for the country. In this paper, limitations and reasons
behind them should be focused with the responses of the interviewees.
Methodology
This study formed with the ramifications of the teachers and administrators as to the barriers of implementation
of blended learning in the universities in Bangladesh. It is beyond doubt that this study’s formation is based on
descriptive approach. Furthermore, with the respondents mark on the causes as proportions of a total of 100%,
this study constructs a pie chart in order to clarify the facts effectively. Descriptive answers were asked from the
participants with a set of 11 questions in where some answered few questions among 11. Some respondents
focused the problems with evidence from the past history of the national progress and some tried to show how
particular reasons interrupt to the implementation of decisions taken for education sectors in Bangladesh. On the
other hand, some opined that blended learning already established in Bangladesh in the means of multiple way of
learning without supporting the modern web-based e-learning. But, in this study, only the obstacles have been
described citing the theme of the respondents’ comments.
Versatile Challenges
Categorically Bangladesh is a third world country with dense of population. Opportunities are less than its
population. There are many causes behind the slow motion of the progress, which are directly related to the
advancement of education. With so many blended learning models in existence, which might be the most
effective, or the most appropriate for a particular institution to choose? The answer might seem surprising, or at
least counterintuitive: there is no single best model, and most institutions can achieve success with near any of
148
2. Journal of Education and Practice
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.4, No.25, 2013
www.iiste.org
them, to Dziuban and Moskal, (2011).In this sense Bangladesh has already adapted blended learning in most
courses across the country. But problems are with the up to date modernized one which should be overcome
filling the following gaps.
18% Lacke of
technical knowdge
35% Political
Instability
12% Funding
20% Insufficient
Power supply
15% Infrustructure
Figure 1: This pie chart showing percentages of barriers in Blended Learning in Bangladesh. Source: Author’s
estimation.
Political Instability
Respondents’ views on political situation over the country confine the feasibility of quickly upcoming solution
on the debate regarding blended learning. According to the report published on the October 2012, academic
operational activities were stopped up for at least 43 days on an average in a year without regular weekend and
public holidays. Report focused that lose of academic years and dropping out from the study in different levels
caused by the political clash between the parties. Participants were asked to identify the major cause not to enjoy
the modern technology based blended learning in Bangladesh. The replies were almost near to each participant.
They marked it 32% -38% as proportion of total obstacles of implementation blended learning. This is a
complete negative picture for education sectors. Whereas, Rindermman, (et al., 2013) say that the social sciences
have traditionally assumed that education is a major determinant of citizens’ political orientations and behaviour.
To them, several studies have also shown that intelligence has an impact. According to a theory that
conceptualizes intelligence as a burgher (middle class, civil) phenomenon –intelligence should promote civil
attitudes, habits and norms like diligence, order and liberty. Political leaders’ interferences in execution of
decisions taken for educational development in different states (districts) make slow and steady in national
progress. Here is most interesting that all participants sought out political instability as a big bar for blended
learning.
Electricity Supply
As a slow and steady developing country, electricity production has not been increased so far expectation of its
population in last few decades. Continuation of electricity supply and modern technology based blended learning
are linked with each other. One is part and parcel of other. According to paper written by Asif Hasan et al.,(2012)
Bangladesh is experiencing intimidating energy challenges: Security concerns over growing fuel imports, limited
domestic energy resources for power generation. At present the power demand in Bangladesh is about 6000MW,
whereas the generation ranges only 4000-4600 MW. The generation capacity is 5936MW.
149
3. Journal of Education and Practice
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.4, No.25, 2013
www.iiste.org
Table 1. Present Status of Power Generation in Bangladesh
SI No
Items
Status(2011)
1
Electricity Growth
10 % in FY-2010 (Av. 7 % since 1990)
2
Total Consumer
12 Million
3
Transmission Line
8,500km
4
Distribution Line
2,70,000
5
Distribution Loss
13.1%
6
Per Capita Generation
236 kWh (incl. Captive)
7
Access to Electricity
48.5%
8
Present Generation Capacity
5936 MW
9
Present Demand
6000 MW
10
Present Available Generation
4000-4600 MW
11
Recent Maximum Generations
4699 MW ( 20 August 2010)
12
Maximum Load Shedding in FY-10
1500 MW (during hot summer days)
Source: Electricity Challenge for Sustainable Future in Bangladesh.
As a result of power shortage causes excessive load shading throughout the whole year. Bangladesh relies
greatly on fossil fuels for its energy, but the present reserve would be depleted by the year of 2015. That is why;
respondents forecasted the impossibility of blended learning just now in Bangladesh. According to Shoniregun
and Gray (2003), e-learning is the delivery of teaching material electronically with the added value of
maintaining standard and quality without limitation of a specific location, using multimedia and is interactive. Elearning is not simply putting the notes online.
Infrastructures
Both building and network infrastructure in Bangladesh are significantly inadequate for educational institutes.
No system can cover the facilities of blended learning process without these infrastructures. Rosenberg (2001),
confines e-learning as the use of internet technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhances
knowledge and performance. It is based upon three fundamental criteria: networked, delivered to the end-user
via a computer using standard internet technology and focuses on the broadest view of learning. Students and
teachers are mostly away from the benefits of blended learning due to unavailability of infrastructural facilities
across the country. Moskal et al., (2013) say -reliable and robust infrastructure must be in place to support
students and faculty. They add Blended learning requires the same IT infrastructure elements as other network
services: servers, network bandwidth, and remote access. However, the requirements of online learning are more
stringent in terms of reliability and consistency of performance than many other network services, requiring that
the technical elements be well designed and supported. From the discussion it is clear that there is no way to
implement blended learning without ensuring infrastructural establishment.
Teachers’ Training
As blended learning mostly based on computer and websites, it requires operational knowledge for successful
perseverance among the students. Most of the teachers in Bangladesh have no basic knowledge on computer
operating and even have no email account for communication. In response to the question about teachers’
performance, maximum answers claim the inefficiency of the teachers. Research on teacher preparation has
been found to be fundamentally flawed due to the lack of specific knowledge surrounding the field (Hamre &
Olyer, 2004). Perceived levels of teacher efficacy in coping with the demands of the inclusive classroom are
often determined by the ‘sufficiency’ of training for inclusion. Research comparing the efficacy levels of special
and general education teachers has found that general education teachers often find themselves lacking in
knowledge and competencies deemed necessary for teaching in an inclusive classroom as compared with their
special education counterparts (Buell et al., 1999). Training for inclusion within general education teacher
preparation programs will alert teachers to better understand the goals, objectives, and implementation strategies
for the various support services available to better cater for students with disabilities (Nougaret, Scruggs &
Mastropieri, 2005; O’Shea et al, 2000). Increased knowledge about inclusion brings about higher levels of
confidence, and dissipates the fear and anxiousness often associated with the lack of awareness and exposure to
children with disabilities (Avramidis et al, 2000). Agboola (2005) concluded that the notion of e-learning should
be about using the computer and the Internet technology to disseminate knowledge to learners effectively and to
enhance the performances of both the teacher and the learner by utilizing information and communication
technology (ICT) for the purpose of instructional delivery. In general, e-learning refers to learning with using of
information and communication technologies.
150
4. Journal of Education and Practice
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.4, No.25, 2013
www.iiste.org
Funding
For execution of any decision on particular issues, financial support is the biggest part in whole. Developing
countries like Bangladesh should set an agenda for the best approach for themselves through the development of
comprehensive national education strategies. The participants from the administrative positions in different
universities opine strongly that government and non-government organizations should come forward to ensuring
quality education for all. It would not be appropriate at all asking like Moskal et, al.” Is blended learning an
expense, or an investment?”, as problems in Bangladesh engulf with corruptions. The budget for education it
has in each financial year may be a good portion for lifting up the status of educational system across the country.
Conclusion with suggestions
As blended learning intersects with almost every sector of the educational environment, it demands careful
policy development and execution. Policy makers must consider the modality for its impact on infrastructure
needs, program development, and strategic planning. Faculty members have the opportunity to capitalize on its
potential for enhancing their ability to facilitate learning more effectively.
In this article, it has been tried outline a number of considerations for blended learning that impact policy in all
sectors of education. First and foremost, this learning modality must be operationalized in a manner that
resonates with the context of the institution and aligns with its goal and objectives while at the same time
maintaining consistency with organizational capacity. Blended learning requires high quality support at all levels:
organizational infrastructure, course and faculty development, as well as consistent student learning support
mechanisms.
References
1. Moskal, P.D., Dziuban, C.D., & Hartman, J. (2013). Blended Learning: A dangerous Idea?, Internet and
Higher Education, 18, 15-23.
2. Dziuban, C. D., & Moskal, P. D.(2011). A course is a course is a course: Factor invariance in student
evaluation of online, blended and face -to-face learning environments. Internet and Higher Education, 14,
236-241
3. Rindermann, H., Mendoza, F. C., & Woodley, M. A. (2013).Political orientation, intelligence and
education. Intelligence, 40, 217-225
4. Hassan,A. , Rahman, M. S. , Khan, F. T., Bin, M., Malik, & Ali, M. Z. (2012) Electricity Challenge for
Sustainable Future in Bangladesh. APCBEE Procedia , 1, 346 – 350, ICESD 2012: 5-7 January 2012, Hong
Kong.
5. Shoniregun, C.A., & Gray, S.J. (2003), Is e-learning really the future or a risk, Communication of the ACM:
Ubiquity,Vol.4, no. 10, P. 1
6. Rogenberg, M., McGraw-Hill, 2001, Hardcover, 344pages, Also available as an "e-book" from Amazon
ISBN 0-07-136268-1
7. Moskal, P.D., Dziuban, C.D., & Hartman, J. (2013). Blended Learning: A dangerous Idea?, Internet and
Higher Education, 18, 15-23.
8. Hamre, B., & Oyler, C. (2004). Preparing teachers for inclusive classrooms: Learning from a collaborative
inquiry group. Journal of Teacher Education, 55 (2), 154-163.
151
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