This document discusses lifestyle diseases and their management. It defines lifestyle diseases as health problems caused by unhealthy behaviors and certain risk factors. The main causes are poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and genetic factors. Some major lifestyle diseases covered are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, and musculoskeletal disorders. For each disease, the document discusses symptoms, causes, prevention methods, and lifestyle changes that can help manage the diseases. The key message is that maintaining a healthy lifestyle through good nutrition, exercise, managing stress, avoiding risky behaviors, and getting sufficient sleep/rest can help prevent and manage many lifestyle diseases.

1. Lifestyle Diseases
& Management
Dr. Pallab Kanti Nath
MD (Anaesthesiology)

2. Lifestyle Diseases
& Management
Dr. Pallab Kanti Nath
MD (Anaesthesiology)

3. What is a Lifestyle Disease ???
health problems that
react to changes in
lifestyle
diseases that are
caused partly by
unhealthy behaviors
and partly by other
factors

4. All lifestyle diseases have one
common property:
They make breathing heavier and body O2 low
Cell hypoxia is the driving force of lifestyle diseases

5. What Causes Lifestyle Diseases?
• Certain habits, behaviors, and practices
such as poor eating habits, inactivity,
smoking
• Factors that we cannot control such as age,
gender, and heredity

6. Controllable Risk Factors
• Diet and body
weight
• Daily levels of
physical activity
smoking, eating habits, exercise,
amount of sleep you get.. smoking,
eating habits, exercise, amount of
sleep you get.. Your level of sun
exposure
Smoking and alcohol abuse
•Amount of sun
exposure
•Smoking and
alcohol abuse

7. Uncontrollable factors
• Age
• Race
• Gender
• Heredity

8. Improper life style:
Over eating
 Excessive consumption of fats
 Smoking
 Drinking
 Chewing tobacco
 Sedentary life style
 Lack of exercise

9. Types of Lifestyle Diseases
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Stroke
• Diabetes
• Cancer
• Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease
• Depression
• Musculoskeletal disorder

10. Cardiovascular Diseases

11. Cholesterol

12. High Cholesterol
Type - A Mental Stress
Alcohol Smoking

13. Atherosclerosis

14. Atherosclerosis
14Dr.S.Siva, Aden refinery
Hospital, Little Aden, Yemen

18.  Have the victim sit down and rest, and attempt to keep
calm. Loosen any tight clothing.
 If the victim has a known heart condition, ask if he takes a
chest pain medication.
 Assist the victim in taking the medication
(usually nitroglycerin, which is placed under the tongue).
 If the pain does not subside promptly with rest or within
3 minutes of taking nitroglycerin, call for emergency
medical assistance.

20. What Is Blood Pressure?
When your heart
pumps,
it forces blood
through
your vessels.
This force is
called
blood pressure.

22. Brain Stem-Function

23. Cerebellum - Function

24. Stroke

25. T.I.A

26. CVA

27. Prevention Of Cardiovascular Diseases, Stroke and CVA
• Trim your fat intake, eat healthy
• Cut down on salt
• Keep your weight healthy
• Don’t smoke
• Don’t take alcohol
• Do exercise
• Monitor your blood pressure and
cholesterol
• Relax & cut down on stress
• If you are hypertensive then don’t skip
your Anti-hypertensive drugs

28. Diabetes

29. DIABETES
A disorder in which cells are unable to
obtain glucose from the blood such that
high blood-glucose levels result.

30. Types of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes or Juvenile Diabetes
 Type 2 diabetes or
Maturity onset Diabetes
(Most common)

31. Types of Diabetes

33. High risk category
 45 yrs & above
 overweight
 close family member with diabetes
 diabetes during pregnancy
 had a baby that weighed > 9lbs (4kg)

34. Prevention of Diabetes
 Maintaining a healthy
weight
 Avoiding smoking
 Reduction of Stress
 Avoiding Sedentary life
 Avoid Junk foods
 Exercise- reduces
insulin resistance

35. Cancer

36. Cancer
Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells

37. Risk factors for Cancer
Tobacco use/ Smoking
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Dietary Factors
Radiation
Asbestos

38. CAUTION
C – Change in bowel habits
A – A sore that does not heal
U – Unusual bleeding or discharge
T – Thickening or a lump
I – Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O – Obvious change in a wart or mole
N – Nagging cough or hoarseness

39. Prevention of cancer
 Don’t’ smoke!
 Wear sunscreen; stay
away from tanning beds
 Eat your veggies and cut
the fat
 Eat moderate protein
 Stay active
 Get regular medical
check-ups

40. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Symptoms - shortness of breath, cough and sputum
production
 Tobacco smoking - most common cause of COPD
 other factors - air pollution, genetics
• Prolonged exposure to dusts, chemicals and fumes
increase the risk of COPD in both smokers and
nonsmokers
• Malnutrition & Low Birth weight is also a reason for
Respiratory disease . Being either underweight or
overweight can affect the symptoms

41. Prevention of COPD
• Quit Smoking
• Have Healthy Diet
• Take nutrition supplements if
malnourished
• Do Breathing exercise
• Avoid exposure to fumes &
dust .
• Improve both indoor &
outdoor air quality

42. Depression

43. Depression
• state of low mood and aversion to activity
 affects thoughts, behavior, feelings and sense of well-
being
• Life events and life style that may precipitate depressed
mood
– Childbirth
– menopause
– financial difficulties
– job problems, Disease
– loss of a loved one
– relationship troubles…

44. Prevention of Depression
• Healthy Eating
cut out junk food
• Avoid foods high in refined sugar and
saturated fats
• Complex carbohydrates help to stimulate the
feel good neurotransmitter serotonin

45. Continue……..
• Exercise
increases production of natural
antidepressants.
reduces stress, improves mood, boosts
self-esteem, and provides restful sleep
• Weight loss
improves your self-esteem and overall
health

46. Continue……
• Meditation
practice of engaging in a mental
exercise—such as deep breathing or
repetition of a phrase (mantra)
Meditation can help relieve anxiety
• Sleep
Having a calming bedtime routine that
helps you wind down and feel fresh the
next morning

47. Continue……..
• Relationship
Spending time with positive, supportive,
and loving people can help you through
your darkest times
• Avoid Sedentary life - leads to depression
stay active , do your hobbies, read books,
take active part in social activity

48. Walk...

49. Musculoskeletal Disease

50. Musculoskeletal Disease
 Healthy diet with physical activity
builds strong & healthy bones
 Exercise strengthens the bones ,
ligaments & muscle surrounding joints

52. Maintaining Healthy Lifestyle
• Diet- healthy eating patterns
Consume fewer Calories and be physically active.
• Exercise- At least 150 min per week of moderate-
intensity,
– 2 or more days per week of muscle-
strengthening activities.
• Relaxation- Work/school/personal life balance,
Relaxation response for 20 min, 1-2x/day
• Addiction Management- Smoking, alcohol, drugs

53. Minimum recommendation
for physical Activity by WHO
• Children & young people - moderate intensity
activity for at least 60 mints per day
• Adults - at least 30 mints of exercise most if
not all days. Should include flexibility, muscle
strength & endurance exercise twice a week
• 60 to 90 mints to improve when already in
poor health or to lose weight
• Moderate exercise is Brisk walking,
swimming, cycling, gardening with moderate
effort