LifeHouse International - RACP Bankal Project

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Post-War Reconstruction
A reintegration project
Republic of Bankal
Project Document
2014

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Table of Contents
Acronyms and Abbreviations.
Part I: Background Information ...................................................................................................... 5
1. LifeHouse International ....................................................................................................... 5
2. Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration............................................................... 5
3. Bankal Republic Background .............................................................................................. 6
4. Stakeholder Analysis.......................................................................................................... 12
5. Problem Tree...................................................................................................................... 22
6. Objectives Tree .................................................................................................................. 24
7. Strategy Analysis ............................................................................................................... 26
Part 2. Reintegration of Affa Combatants Program (RACP)........................................................ 28
8. Background ........................................................................................................................ 28
9. Activities ............................................................................................................................ 32
10. Results ............................................................................................................................ 32
11. Funding........................................................................................................................... 32
12. RACP Activities............................................................................................................. 32
Output 1: Improved physical and mental health. ................................................................... 32
Activity 1.1: Physical and mental assessments with referral services................................... 33
Output 2: Equipped with technical and social skills for employment and social integration.
............................................................................................................................................... 34
Output 3: Significant reconciliation between ex-combatants and the local community. ...... 36
13. Logical Framework of Analysis and the Results Based Framework ............................. 41
14. Budget ............................................................................................................................ 50
15. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)...................................................................... 56
16. Legal Context. Instruments and authority...................................................................... 59
17. Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 59
18. Conclusion...................................................................................................................... 59
19. Bibliography................................................................................................................... 60

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
Page 3. Acronyms and Abbreviations
BPWR Bureau of Post-War Reconciliation
DDR Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
ESS Environmental and Social Standards
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GNH Gross National Happiness
GP General Practitioner
HDI Human Development Index
IC International Charity
ICT Information, Communication and Technology
LHI LifeHouse International
MOV Means of Verification
MP Members of Parliament
MIO Million
NEPA National Environmental Protection Agency
NGO Non-governmental Organization
OVI Objectively Verifiable Indicators
RACP Reintegration of Affa Combatants Programme
RNLI Reintegration to Normal Living Index
TJRC Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission
OFID The Opec Fund for International Development
UN United Nations

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UNDP United Nations Development Programme

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Part I: Background Information
1. LifeHouse International
LifeHouse International (LHI) is an independent humanitarian Non-Governmental Organization
(NGO) that was founded in 2002 in Manchester, United Kingdom. With an initial focus to offer
assistance to people affected by armed conflict, natural disasters, epidemics and exclusion from
health care, LHI has expanded its work to a broad range of fundamental issues which include
environmental protection, human rights, gender equality and the empowerment of women, and
ICT for development.
LHI is guided by professional humanitarian ethics and the principles of neutrality and
impartiality. Its rapidly growing team consists of professionals with experiences from a broad
spectrum of sectors that include health, environmental management, logistics and administrative
services. LHI currently has a footprint in 34 countries worldwide with ongoing and successfully
completed projects. It has worked in close partnership with various agencies of the United
Nations (UN), multi-lateral development agencies and a myriad of local, regional and global
private foundations.
2. Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration
A key component of post-war reconstruction and peace processes is the disarmament,
demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) of ex-combatants. The UNDP defines the DDR process
as a complex process, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socioeconomic
dimensions which aims to address the post-conflict security challenges by supporting ex-
combatants to rebuild their livelihoods during the critical transition period from conflict to peace
and development. While much of a DDR programme is focused on ex-combatants, the main
beneficiaries of the programme should ultimately be the wider community.
In this regard, LHI’s work in the Republic of Bankal focuses on the reintegration component of
the DDR process which seeks to support the ex-combatants’ economic and social reintegration
into society. The ultimate goal of LHI’s project is to contribute to post-war reconstruction by
actively engaging ex-combatants in the ongoing post war and post tsunami reconstruction
activities.

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3. Bankal Republic Background
Bankal Republic is an island nation of 18 million people. With a coastline 1240 miles long, it has
recently enjoyed sustained economic growth, has a high per capita income, and has made
significant achievements in health, education and rural-urban and gender-equity. The main
economic sectors of the country are fisheries, tourism, tea export, gems, textile, rice production
and other agricultural products. For coastal communities artisanal fishing is a major source of
livelihood while smallholder rice production is the major cash crop inland.
At the same time, 25 per cent of the population still live below the poverty line, and the country
continues to suffer from the consequences of over 25 years of a brutal civil war. The war recently
ended but left 20 000 young men and women that had been involved as combatants living in
demobilization camps run by an international charity (see Map 1). Most of these young persons
are semi-literate and lack basic skills needed by a booming reconstruction job market. Although
now disarmed and in the process of being demobilized, most of the former combatants are
struggling to cope with civilian life and a recent study suggested that 80 per cent of these 16-30
year olds suffer from post-traumatic stress disorders; 46% have alcohol and drugs related
problems while 18% have physical disabilities due to war injuries. Many of these were born
during the war and have never known ‘normal life’ and are dislocated from their families.
5000 of these former combatants live in a holding camp five miles just out of the small town of
Affa with a population of 100 000 people located in Aton District (see Map 1). Aton itself is one
of the least developed districts in the country, where the poor continue to live with limited
prospects for development, hampered by a harsh climate and minimal infrastructure. Youth
unemployment is already running at 45% although the booming post-war construction industry
has begun to reduce this rate. A recent ‘one in a millennium’ tsunami event that killed 20 000
Bankalians on the south and East Coast has made the task of reconstruction more difficult.
Apart from the loss of lives, homes and livelihoods that are measurable these families have lost
much more that is not measurable. Their needs are many and varied and must be considered on
an individual basis and not lumped together into categories for the convenience of those who are
providing assistance. In addition to the losses suffered by people, the economy and society that
prevailed in the affected areas have been destroyed, - social and economic links and relationships
built over decades. It would be a mistake to think that reconstructing physical structures and
infrastructure would restore normalcy, as some people and government agencies seem to believe.
While most of these were to meet short-term needs, some like the Trust Fund World Bank wants
to establish long term support for the affected young people till they are employed / employable.
With regard to the families that have lost their houses, the government has taken over the
responsibility of providing houses for them. Those whose houses were within the 100 meters of

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the shoreline which has been declared as a “vulnerable” zone, where construction will not be
permitted, would be re-housed in safer areas.
A 500 acre block of land has been cleared to the interior of Affa town to be developed as a
settlement for those affected in and around Aton town. Some private sector organizations as well
as national and international NGOs have also come forward to build houses for those who lost
their houses. The picture is not clear but it is expected re-housing would be taken care of through
these government and non-governmental means (see Map 1).
Aid is also available to write off the loans of those who have been affected who have borrowed
from local sources and to grant them soft loans to restart their livelihoods. Some funds are
available for people to re-equip themselves for self-employment. A problem that some are facing
is that there is no market for their goods and services as their customers have also become
destitute and cannot purchase anything and the channels through which they sold their products
have been destroyed. It would take time for the economy and economic systems to be restored in
the affected areas. There are sufficient funds to take care of children and their needs in the short
run-thanks to a massive fundraising effort by international donors. A lot of relief has flowed in
from private individuals and organizations towards their nutrition, clothing and schooling needs.
It is clear from what has been stated above that a lot of aid is available to help the families
affected by the tsunami although sufficient funds are not available to help with the post-civil war
issues that have been put on a back burner while focus is on dealing with the major climatic
disaster. A recent report by a respected think tank has warned that the holding camp is a ‘powder
keg’ that only needs a spark to ignite it and more attention will need to be given to dealing with
the DDR issues related to the camp. Similarly, the coalition of local NGOs has warned about a
looming health disaster if the monsoon season starts before people who lost homes in the
tsunami are given descent shelter and sanitation. Already the incidence of water borne diseases
has risen 80 per cent. The NGOs have argued that a year after the Tsunami people have still not
returned to their homes and are living in temporary shelter. The local opposition party has
accused the government of stalling resettlement of the Tsunami victims in order to remove them
from prime tourism locations under the pretext of ‘preventing future tsunami casualties’. In a
recent statement in parliament the Minister for Disaster Preparedness argued that ‘the natural
disaster provided the country with an opportunity to establish a new coastal zone land use plan,
and this takes time. We have to get it right’.
To assist in the understanding of the dynamics of development playing out as narrated above,
Map 1 below is a visual representation of the situation on the national scale. Furthermore, Table
1 below gives a snapshot of the general situation in Bankal Republic.

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WHO WHAT WHERE HOW WHY
1. Bankalians -18
million people
Sustained economic
growth
Republic of Bankal  Main economic sectors:
fisheries, tourism, tea export,
gems, textile, rice production
and other agricultural products.
 Major source of livelihood for
coastal communities: artisanal
fishing. Smallholder rice
production is the major cash
crop inland.
 Has a high per capita
income
 significant achievements
in health, education and
rural-urban and gender-
equity
2. 4.5 million
Bankalians
Population living
below the poverty line
Bankal  25 years of a brutal civil war
ravaged the entire country.
 Unemployment
 Lack of alternative sources of
income
 Political upheaval
 Low development
prospects.
 Poor infrastructure.
 High illiteracy levels.
3. 20,000 young
men and women
ex-combatants
 Dislocated from their
families
 80% suffer from post-
traumatic stress
disorders;
 46% have alcohol and
drugs related
problems 18% have
physical disabilities
Demobilization
camps scattered
across the country
 25 years of a brutal civil war
ravaged the entire country.
 Aton is one of the least
developed districts in the
country.
 The poor live with limited
prospects for development.
 Development hampered by
harsh climate and minimal
infrastructure.
 Youth unemployment running at
45%.
 Sufficient funds are not available
 Political upheaval
 Born during the war and
have never known
‘normal life’.
 Dislocated from their
families.
 Disarmed and in the
process of being
demobilized.
 Most are semi-literate and
lack basic skills needed
by a booming
reconstruction job market.
 DDR efforts put on a back
Small town of Affa
in Aton District,
South and East
Coast of Bankal
4. 5,000 ex-
combatants

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WHO WHAT WHERE HOW WHY
to help with the post-civil war
issues
burner while focus is on
dealing with the major
climatic disaster.
5. Post-tsunami
victims
 Loss of
measurable(lives-
20,000 people dead,
livelihoods) and
immeasurable(social
structures) assets
 Debt-no market for
their goods and
services
 sufficient funds
available to take
care of children and
 looming health
disaster(Already the
incidence of water
borne diseases has
risen 80 per cent)
South and East
Coast of Bankal
 Tsunami struck the South and
East Coast
 Destitute customers who cannot
purchase anything and the
channels through which they
sold their products have been
destroyed
 massive fundraising effort by
international donors plus private
individuals and organizations
 Monsoon season
 Delayed reconstruction of
descent shelter and sanitation
 Geographically prone to
natural hazards.
 Borrowed money from
local sources(Aid is also
available to write off the
loans/ Some funds are
available for people to re-
equip themselves for self-
employment)
 Handle needs in the short
run(their nutrition, clothing
and schooling needs)
 New coastal zone land use
plan which as stated by the
government, ‘takes time’ to
implement.
6. Multiple
stakeholders
Bankalians,
government, local
and international
NGOs, Donors,
private individuals
and organizations.
 Various interests Bankal
Aton District
 DDR programmes
 Reconstruction of infrastructure
 Fund raising for temporary relief
 Provision of short term basic
needs
 Humanitarian aid
 Political control
 Economic gains

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As part of the situation analysis, the key elements of the problem situation which were identified
include but are not limited to:
1. Infrastructure.
The lack or loss of infrastructure is a major impediment to improving the welfare of the
population. Without basic infrastructure such as hospitals, schools, markets, roads,
telecommunications et cetera, Bankalians are denied the bare minimums which are
essential to uplift themselves out of destitution.
2. Lack of income.
The lack of employment and alternative sources of income among the population of
Bankal has resulted to abject poverty ranking. Bankal is one of the poorest states in the
world according to the Human Development Index (HDI).
3. Illiteracy.
The lack of education denies the population the ability to develop skills necessary to
obtain employment.
4. Governance.
The government has centralized the distribution of resources towards post-tsunami
problems. The recent civil-war reflects potential divisions in the population which need
to be addressed.
5. Geographic position.
The location of the island makes it vulnerable to natural disasters, in this case tsunamis.
6. Loss/lack of social structure.
Bankalians have lost social and economic links and relationships built over decades
which facilitated the sustenance of their livelihoods. As such, reconstruction efforts
should go beyond rebuilding the physical structures and infrastructure if normalcy is to
be restored.
7. Multiple stakeholders.
Stakeholders’ resources must be better coordinated and aimed at addressing the needs of
the population in the best possible way (efficiency and effectiveness).

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4. Stakeholder Analysis
In this process, the people who are affected by the proposed intervention mechanism are
identified. The stakeholders in Bankal Republic range from user groups, interest groups,
individuals and institutions.
Further, the stakeholders are classified between primary stakeholders (those with a direct stake in
the interventions) and secondary stakeholders (those with an indirect stake). The table also
includes the needs of the stakeholders alongside the type of capacities that could be employed to
meet the various needs of this multidimensional problem.

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Stakeholders Description Needs Capacity
PRIMARY Direct stake in the interventions Varied Varied
1. Bankals  18 million constituting the entire
population
 Post-civil war population
 Infrastructural development
 post-civil war needs (the adequate mental
& social healthcare)
 Human resources
2. Poor Bankals  4.5 million (25%) living below
poverty line
 capacity building
 jobs
 Human
 Social
 Economic
3. Young former
combatants
 20,000 distressed post conflict ex-
combatants.
 Disarmed and in the process of
being demobilized
 Disarmament, Demobilization and
Reintegration. (Reintegration in this case
would be the process by which the ex-
combatants acquire civilian status and gain
sustainable employment and income).
 Human
 Social
 Economic
4. Population of
the Aton
District holding
camp (5000)
 5000 ex-combatants living in a
holding camps.
 One of the least developed districts
in the country with limited
prospects for development
 Harsh climate
 Minimal infrastructure
 Infrastructure
 DDR
 Employment or alternative means of getting
an income.
 Human
 Economic
 Social

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 Youth unemployment at 45%
5. South and East
Coast of
Bankal-
affected by
tsunami event
 Death of 20 000 Bankalians
 Infrastructural damage
 Economy and society prevailed
before incident
 Social and economic links built
over decades destroyed.
 Construction will not be permitted
within 100 meters of the shoreline
(“vulnerable” zone)
 Area has the most attention “focus
is on dealing with the major
climatic disaster”
 Basic needs that include food, housing,
clothing etc.
 Compensation for deaths?
“needs are many and varied and must be
considered on an individual basis and not
lumped together into categories for the
convenience of those who are providing
assistance”
 Investigate social and economic links to
start re-building them.
 -need a more rapid rehabilitation process
“people have still not returned to their
homes and are living in temporary shelter”
 Social
 Human
 Physical
6. Government  Various ministries such as the
Ministry of Disaster preparedness
 Responsibility of providing houses
for the families who are homeless
along with international and national
NGOs
 Clearing 500 acre block of land to
the interior of Affa town for
 National Recovery Strategy
 Early warning system
 DDR strategy
 Economic
 Financial
 Physical

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resettlement of those affected in and
around Aton town
 Providing soft loans for those
affected in order to restart their
livelihoods?
SECONDARY Indirect stake in the interventions Varied Varied
7. Trust Fund
World Bank
 Development and financial support
partner - directly involved in the
project implementation
“wants to establish long term
support for the affected young
people till they are employed /
employable “
 Functioning counterpart structures Financial
8. International
Charity
 Development Partners
 Focus on running demobilization
camps for the 20 000 ex-
combatants
 Needs better coordination with other
donors to increase capacity-building
-Financial
-Social
-Human
9. Private Sector  Local traders (Economic
Operators)
 Build houses for the homeless
 Need better coordination with local and
international NGOs as well as government
“the picture is not clear”
 Financial
10. NGO  Local and International
 building houses for those who are
 Preparing for a possible health disaster in
conjunction with building houses. This
 Financial

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homeless (along with the
government)
 warning about a looming health
disaster if the monsoon season
starts Needs to focus on building
local capacity making sure they
respect the “many and varied”
needs of the victims
might mean building temporary houses
faster for a short term period rather than
more long-term houses which would take
up too much time. “water borne diseases
has risen 80%”
 Need descent shelter and sanitation in the
long-run
 Social
 Human
11. International
Donors
 Financial Development Partners
 massive fundraising effort: funds
to take care of children and their
needs in the short-run
 long term approach  Financial
 Human
12. Private
individuals and
organizations
 Organizations and individual
seeking to contribute towards
reversing the fate of those affected
by the tsunami( restoration of
human dignity)
 Relief towards nutrition, clothing
and schooling needs
 Strong co-ordination with sectoral specific
stakeholders.
 Human
13. Aton District  Population of about 100,000  

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LHI has observed different dynamics between the stakeholders through this analysis. The young
former combatants and the population of the poverty-stricken Aton district, which also holds ex-
combatants, have emerged as a result of a 25-year brutal civil war. This prolonged deep division
of the population needs to be examined. The cause and the prolonged exclusion of these
combatants needs to be investigated. What were these combatants fighting for? Are they all from
the same District? Who were they fighting? The Government? A religious group? What is the
current level of peace? Can this level be maintained or improved?
What is clear is that there needs to be a strong reconciliation process with the population of
Bankal (See Matrix for further info).
In response to the tsunami victims, we have noticed cooperation between the Government, the
Trust Fund World, the private sector as well as national and international NGOs.
The Government has taken responsibility of providing houses for the victims as well granting
soft loans to restart their livelihoods. The Trust Fund World provides it in the form of long-term
financial support until the victims are employed. Whether the Fund is working with the
Government on this process is unclear.
The private sector, as well as the national and international NGOs are also contributing to the
rehousing process, the amount of coordination with the Government remains unclear.
International donors have directed their aid to the children. Additional aid from private
individuals and organizations has been directed towards basic needs: nutrition, clothing and
schooling needs.
The scale of resources directed to the tsunami victims needs to be replicated in the case of the ex-
combatants from a bottom-up approach. International institutions have the capacity to shine light
on these issues.
Based on the stakeholders identified in Table 2 above, a Stakeholder Matrix (Figure.1) was
developed in order to define more clearly the project beneficiaries (in this case stated as interest
levels) as well as give a better understanding of the potential project power balance.

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Figure 1. Stakeholder Matrix
High
Group 1: HighImportance / Lowinfluence
Stakeholders
2
3
4
 Poor Bankals [4.5 million (25%)
living below poverty line]
 Young former combatants [20,000
distressed post conflict ex-
combatants]
 Population of the Aton District
holding camp [5000]
Group 2: High Importance /High influence
Stakeholders
10
7 8 11
 Trust Fund World Bank
 International Charity
 NGO [local and International]
 International Donors
Group 3: Low Importance /Low influence
Stakeholders
9
5
12
 South and East Coast of Bankal
[affected by tsunami event]
 Private Sector
 Private individuals and
organizations
Group 4: Low Importance /High influence
Stakeholders
6
13
 Government
 Aton District
Low High
IMPORTANCE
INFLUENCE

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Stakeholders Importance (Scale of 1
to 5. 5=highest)
Influence
(Scale of 1 to 5. 5=highest)
PRIMARY
1. Bankals - -
2. Poor Bankals 5 2
3. Young former combatants 5 2
4. Population of the Aton District holding camp (5000) 5 2
5. South and East Coast of Bankal- affected by tsunami event 2 1
6. Government 1 3
SECONDARY
7. Trust Fund World Bank 3 4
8. International Charity 3 4
9. Private Sector 2 1
10. NGO 4 5
11. International Donors 3 4
12. Private individuals and organizations 2 1
13. Aton District 1 3

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The table below presents an assessment of the available capacities within Bankal as well as those
coming in from potential intervening partners.
Asset Type Capacity
Internal External
1. Human  Achievements in education
 Rich in human capital (18
million people)
Skilled human resources
2. Social  Achievements in the
Health sector and Gender -
equity,
 Networks with the
international community
provides aid for:
o children
o post-tsunami victims
o rehabilitation
3. Natural  1,240 miles coast line (an
island nation)
 Fertile arable land
4. Physical  500 acre block of land for
resettlement
 holding camp of 5000 ex-
combatants
5. Economic  high per capita income:
sustained economic growth
 “booming post-war
construction industry”
 ”booming reconstruction
job market”
 Financial resources
6. Political  Democratic governance
with parliamentary system
 Disarmament of young
people has been achieved
 Demobilization is in the
process
 Financial?
 Development Policy papers
For the young combatants to achieve a higher standard of socioeconomic development there
needs to be a focus and continued follow-up on reintegration into society.

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The booming economic sector present in Bankal has a lot of potential for employment that
people cannot take advantage of due to their lack of skills. An evaluation on whether this
economy has been affected by the tsunami is needed.
Rich human capital can be integrated into the booming economic sector.
Through the present democratic system, the Government has the capacity to allow people and
groups in Bankal to voice their opinions.
From a political stance, the Government has provided institutional structures for successful
disarmament with the capacity for subsequent demobilization. It remains unclear as to why
reintegration has not been tackled. Equal investment must be made in developing and
implementing coherent plans for the reintegration of ex-combatants into their communities.

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5. Problem Tree
To understand the dynamics that would play in a reintegration programme in Affa Town, a
problem tree was constructed to provide an overview of all the known causes and effects of a
persisting marginalized ex-combatant population. This step is important in planning a
community engagement or behaviour change project such as a reintegration programme for
young ex-combatants because it establishes the context in which the project will occur and helps
reveal the complexity of life that surrounds the problem at hand. Essentially, the problem tree
helps to gain a deeper understanding of the cause-effect relationship of various factors that
sustain a problem and in the process, specific interventions options begin to emerge.
The problem tree below was constructed during LHI’s advance mission to Bankal in the premier
stages of data collection exercises required for project development. The stakeholders involved
in construction this problem tree included various government officials from relevant ministries,
local and international NGOs working on selected DDR projects as well as few chosen opinion
leaders from amongst the ex-combatants.

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Problem Tree:
INFORMATION
COUNSELLING
SERVICES AND
TRAINING WITH
SUITABLE
SOCIAL SKILLS
LACK OF TECHNICAL & SOCIAL SKILLS
REQUIRED FOR EMPLOYMENT AND
SOCIAL INTEGRATION
WAR
INJURIES
(AMPUTATION
S)
MENTAL &
PHYSICAL HEALTH
ILLNESS
DRUG AND
ALCOHOL
ABUSE
UNINFORMED
PUBLIC
PERSISTI
NG
POLITICA
L
INSTABILI
TY
UNRECONCILEDCOMMUNITY DUE TO
LACK OF SOCIAL COHESION
LACK OF TRAINING,
EDUCATION AND
MICRO PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMMES
LACK OF
SOCIAL
OPPORTUNITIE
S TO ENGAGE
EACH OTHER
LACK OF TRUTH,
JUSTICE AND
RECONCONCILIA
TION FORUM
UNEMPLOYMENT
POST-WAR INSTABILITY

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From the problem tree above, it is observed that the reintegration of ex-combatants in Affa town
is intimately linked to a myriad of past, current and looming issues. The most apparent problem
amongst the ex-combatants and which also provides an avenue for intervention is
unemployment. Unemployment constitutes the core problem which, upon disentangling, reveals
deeper problems that range from mental and physical illnesses, to the lack of technical and social
skills and also persisting socio-political dynamics of community reconciliation. The problem tree
above therefore provides a guide to the complexity of a successful reintegration problem by
identifying the multiple causes of a bigger problem. This in turn helps in the planning of the
project by identifying particular lines of intervention and other factors that may need to be
tackled with complementary projects. The problem tree also serves as to identify the goal,
objectives and the outcomes of the project including the activities that need to be undertaken.
6. Objectives Tree
The objectives tree demonstrates the means-end relationship between objectives in the
reintegration programme. From the objectives tree, LHI is able to select and focus an
intervention on a preferred strategy. The objectives tree below provides information which feeds
into a strategy analysis and helps to select a preferred line of intervention that could either be ex-
combatant based or community

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- SOCIAL WORKERS
- VOLUNTEERS
- CLASSROOMS
SPECIFIC
OUTPUT
PURPOSE
4. INFORMATION
COUNSELLING
SERVICES and
TRAINING WITH
SUITABLE
SOCIAL SKILLS
EQUIPED WITH TECHNICAL & SOCIAL
SKILLS FOR EMPLOYMENT AND
SOCIAL INTEGRATION
1. PHYSICAL AND
MENTAL ASSESSMENTS
WITH REFERRAL
SERVICES.
IMPROVED MENTAL
& PHYSICAL HEALTH
2.
REHABILITATION
FROM DRUGAND
ALCOHOL ABUSE.
6. CONDUCT
MEDIA
CAMPAIGNS
7. CARRY
OUT
COMMUNITY
PROJECTS
THAT
INVOLVE
ALL SOCIAL
ACTORS
(SPORT
EVENTS,
SOCI-
CULTURAL
EVENTS,
CONCERTS)
8. IMPLEMENT TRUTH
JUSTICE &
RECONCILIATION
COMMISSION (TJRC)
- CLASSROOM/ HALLS
- SOCIAL WORKERS
- TEACHERS
- BUSES
SIGNIFICANT RECONCILIATION WITH
COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL COHESION
- GP, MEDICAL STAFF
- SCREENING EQUIPMENT
- OFFICE MATERIAL
- VOLUNTEERS
- TENTS
- TV/RADIO SPOTS
- ADVERTS, ROAD SHOWS
- NEWS PAPERS
- YOUTH VOLUNTEERS
- BUSES, TRUCKS
INPUT
S
GOALS
- EXPERT
- OFFICE
-
5. MAP
RECONCI-
LIATION
INITIATIVE of
existing
local/inter.
Organizations
3. TRAINING
AND
EDUCATION
AND MICRO
PROJECT
MANAGEME
NT
- SPORT EQUIPMENT
- TOOLS FOR BLDG HOUSES
- LOCAL MUSICIANS
- YOUTH VOLUNTEERS
- MUSICINSTRUMENTS
- YOUTH LEADERS
- WOMEN LEADERS
- CIVIL STY. LEADERS
- POLITICIANS
- OPINION LEADERS
- LOCAL EXPERTS
- MEDICAL EXPERTS
- OFFICE MATERIAL
- WORKAREA
- COMMUNAL HALL /
CITY COUNCIL
ACTIVITIES
EMPLOYMENT
OVERALL
OUTPUT

26
7. Strategy Analysis
LHI’s project aims to contribute to specifically design sustainable assistance towards the resettlement and reintegration of Bankal
Republics ex-combatants into civil society. It will implement an ex-combatant and community based reintegration approach outlined
below (Strategy 3). Alternative strategies have also been evaluated and weighed according to the project objective.
FACTORS Weight
Strategy 1
Ex-combatant
focused
reintegration
Strategy 2
Community
based
reintegration
Strategy 3
Ex-combatant
and Community
based reintegration
Strategy 4
Resource
Mobilisation
Strategy 5
Strengthening
Institutional
Objectives
Income Generation
(Employment)
15 +(15) +(15) +(15) -(15) -(15)
Reconciliation 30 -(30) +(30) +(30) -(30) +(30)
Local Security 5 +(5) +(5) +(5) -(5) +(5)
Capacity Building 20 +(20) -(20) +(20) +(20) -(20)
Physical and Mental
Health
30 +(30) +(30) +(30) +(30) -(30)
TOTAL 100 +(70) +(60) +(100) 0 -(30)

27
Strategy 1 - Weight + (70)
The ex-combatants focused approach is specifically designed and focused on sustainable
solutions for long-term reintegration. It aims to engage individuals into sustainable micro
projects to reduce the long-term security risks they present. Activities include; information,
counselling and referral services, micro project development through grants, training, technical
advisory and support services. As substantial focus is drawn directly to a specific group, this
approach can create feelings of unfairness within the community. Considering that the principal
objective of LHI’s project is reconciliation, this strategy might slow down the reintegration
process by creating an even larger divide.
Strategy 2 – Weight + (60)
The community based reintegration approach provides communities with the tools and capacities
to support the reintegration of ex-combatants with other groups of individuals. This support is a
component of wider community focused reconciliation and recovery programs. Its activities
include community projects with greater inclusion of all social actors, peacebuilding and
reconciliation activities and activities to increase local security. This approach may not deal with
the ex-combatants needs directly and since we lack information on whether or not they present a
high level security threat to communities, this approach has not been deemed appropriate for this
particular project.
Strategy 3 - Weight + (100)
A strategy taking components from both of the above strategies is the most adequate approach
for contributing to the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Not only will it tackle social
and cultural civil-war attitudes still rooted in the community, it will also focus on the long-term
support of ex-combatants transition into civilian life.
Strategy 4 - Weight 0
Resource mobilization focuses on fundraising and collecting money from potential donors such
as individuals, international and NGOs. It is an inherently financial strategy. This approach is
appropriate as part of large-scale and long-term project. The precise and short-term nature of the
Reintegration Project requires more than only financial support.
Strategy 5 - Weight - (30)
By strengthening the institutional objectives of Government institutions, this strategy would
directly contribute to building reconciliation between the ex-combatants and civil society thus
improving local security. This approach would only indirectly have an effect on the key
principals of the reintegration project: capacity building, income generation and health.

28
Part 2. Reintegration of Affa Combatants Program (RACP)
8. Background
The goal of LHI’s Reintegration of Affa Camp Program (RACP) is to contribute to sustainable post-war
reconstruction in Bankal through the reintegration of ex-combatants into civil society.
20 000 ex-combatants are currently living in demobilization camps located around the country and run by
IC (Map 1). LHI aims to focus on their reintegration through an ex-combatant and community based
approach as stated above.
To guarantee the success of the RACP,LHI has confined its activity to the North-Eastern region of the
Southern district of Aton. As one of the least developed districts in the country, it has a population of 100
000 in which 5000 are ex-combatants living in the demobilization camp on the outskirt of the town of
Affa. Map 2 illustrates its location just five miles from the city.

29
FACTORS Weight
Strategy 1
Ex-combatant
focused
reintegration
Strategy 2
Community
based
reintegration
Strategy 3
Ex-combatant
and Community
based reintegration
Strategy 4
Resource
Mobilisation
Strategy
Strengthening
Institutional
Objectives
Income Generation
(Employment)
15 +(15) +(15) +(15) -(15) -(15)
Reconciliation 30 -(30) +(30) +(30) -(30) +(30)
Local Security 5 +(5) +(5) +(5) -(5) +(5)
Capacity Building 20 +(20) -(20) +(20) +(20) -(20)
Physical and Mental
Health
30 +(30) +(30) +(30) +(30) -(30)
TOTAL 100 +(70) +(60) +(100) 0 -(30)

30
[Insert Photo Holding camp 1&2]
RACP Holding camp - January 2015

32
9. Activities
It aims to implement seven activities in order to provide sustainable support and opportunities for ex-
combatants as well as building trust between ex-combatants and the civil society of Aton.
10. Results
The majority of the 5000 ex-combatants should be employed and working in institutions that contribute to
the development of the country. This will contribute to the social and professional development of
individuals and to the conversion of ex-combatants into citizens of Bankal.
By working together on projects, the ex-combatants and citizens of Affa municipality have built up
confidence and set aside their differences. This will inevitably contribute to sustained reintegration.
11. Funding
LHI recognizes the importance of acquiring sufficient funding to complete its activities. Not only may the
lack of funding limit the success of the project but it may also result in the ex-combatants losing their
faith in reintegration and returning to old habits of violence. This could not only jeopardize LHI’s
activities but also the other development organizations working on the ground.
RACP has been funded by acquiring sponsors in the UK. Conferences and fundraising were held in
Manchester,UK. Furthermore, LHI applied for and secured a 3 year grant provided by the OPEC Fund
for International Development (OFID). LHI succeeded in collecting around USD 2 MIO to implement the
program. For more details, please see the budget cost breakdown below.
12. RACP Activities
Output 1: Improved physical and mental health.
The conflict in Bankal during the past 25 years has resulted in a large number of disabled ex-
combatants undergoing profound physical and mental health problems. As already noted, a
recent study showed that 80 per cent of these 16-30 year olds suffer from post-traumatic stress
disorders while 18% have physical disabilities due to war injuries. These physical and mental
health problems are further worsened by the rampant abuse of drugs and alcohol which is
particularly chronic amongst most of the ex-combatants - standing at 46% of the population.
Further, it can be observed that both the physical and psychological issues faced by the ex-
combatants are exacerbated by the looming poverty situation that is widespread across the
country but more so on the ex-combatants. Most of these ex-combatants lack the physical and
psychological capacity, which is crucial to the development of human capital necessary for
employment. As a result, they possess a vulnerability to alcohol and drug abuse and an overall

33
susceptibility to poverty. This scenario points to the existence of a positive feedback loop
between the mental and physical condition of the ex-combatants and poverty.
There are two main activities targeted by LHI which are aimed at improving the physical and
mental health of the ex-combatants:
Activity 1.1: Physical and mental assessments with referral services.
The most common physical disabilities exhibited by the ex-combatants were limb amputations
and nerve injuries. While these can be directly attributed to injuries sustained during the war,
most of the other physical disorders witnessed came about as a result of the deplorable
conditions which these ex-combatants have had to put up with while at the demobilization camps
as well as the limited access to health facilities. Such diseases include malnutrition, skin
ailments, and diarrhea.
The mental disorders may be directly attributed to the traumatic experience of fighting in a war
coupled with the stress linked to the physical incapacitations which they experience. Moreover,
the alienation of these ex-combatants by the community of Affa has sufficiently degraded their
likelihood of recovery particularly to those whose initial condition was not as severe, which then
lead to a further degeneration of their mental health.
The reintegration programme therefore includes a sub-program, which will build a temporary
medical camp for preliminary screening and assessments by a team of medical experts who
include local general practitioners, physiotherapist, and psychiatrists. Based on the results of
these assessments, the ex-combatants will then be placed into specialized treatment programs
depending on the degree of affliction to their mental and physical health. Various studies have
shown that women ex-combatants are more vulnerable to physical and mental disorders and their
conditions more severe. The screening and referral processes will consider this aspect
accordingly.
Activity 1.2: Rehabilitation from drug and alcohol abuse.
At first glance drugs and alcohol abuse do not seem to be the main problem affecting the Bankal
Republic as 70% of the population are Buddhist and another 15% Hindus. However, almost half
of former combatants (46%) face drug and alcohol related problems which aggravates their
physical and mental health and as well making them a threat other community members.
RACP will be open to both ex-combatants and the community with a specific component tailored
to cater to individuals, and another for special groups such families, women and minors. Services
will range from clinical and psychosocial therapy to mutual aid groups (peer support). Mutual
aid groups are particularly important as they enable individuals to develop a positive network of
peers who support each other to ensure long-lasting behavioural change, sharing experiences and
learning to help prevent relapse into drug/alcohol use.

34
This activity aims at significantly reducing the high rate of alcohol and substance abuse among
former combatants and the wider community but also seeks to mitigate the adverse related social
effects that distress the community such as domestic violence, sexual assault, unlawful activities
and financial related aspects such as misappropriation of funds and debt.
An emphasis needs to be placed on the role of society and culture; this is not a consequence of
war traumas only but of other underlying factors such as poverty, unemployment and social
exclusion. To effectively improve this situation, it is pivotal to achieve the overall goals and
purpose of employment, social cohesion and reintegration.
Output 2: Equipped with technical and social skills for employment and social
integration.
The tsunami and the end of the 25 years civil war pushed Bankal’s young population (16-30 year
olds) into a particularly vulnerable situation. 20,000 young former combatants have a crucial
need to be empowered since they lack the ability to cope in civilian life. They lack the basic
skills to meet the expectations of the job market and are semi-literate. In order to achieve the
overall output consisting of the employment of the young population, LHI plan to strategize its
intervention with the following activities:
Activity 2.1: Education, training and micro project development.
Education
Ex-combatants especially women and individuals below of the age of 18, should be reintegrated
into formal education. This will be done through the set up of meetings between ex-combatants
and teachers of Bankal who will raise awareness on the importance and benefits of education.
Two general meetings will be held in the local school per week until all ex-combatants are
enrolled in education. The school curriculum will focus on filling the gaps between their current
level of education and the average Bankalian level of education. Resources such as school
materials, teachers, classrooms, food and drink will be available during the entirety of ex-
combatants education.
Training
The training project will focus on breaking down the military attitudes and behaviour of the ex-
combatants. After evaluating IC’s demobilization activities, LHI will identify where additional
training aspects of these activities can be enhanced or introduced.
Due to current circumstances, there is no outlet for their goods and services. LHI will focus on
enhancing their initial skills and equip them with new talents in line with the existing job-market.
Firstly, we are going to examine the existing job opportunities in order to forecast the job-market
in Bankal Republic. Furthermore, the appropriate training and education will be listed with

35
relevant local trainers selected to conduct these apprenticeships. Training will be established
through partnership building with the local authority. In view of the recent devastation caused by
the tsunami, training will be focused on teaching construction skills and the maintenance of
infrastructure skills. For instance, one apprenticeship program will focus on the construction of a
school. Finally, interviews will be undertaken in order to align trainings with the needs of each
young person. The training process will last 6-9 months.
Micro project development
The market and customers are quasi inexistent in order for very small enterprises to trade goods
and services. Potential customers are also affected by the post-tsunami damage. Therefore, LHI
will avoid to design small business start-ups in accordance with local needs. However, more
attention will be given to education and training in order to generate skilled manpower ready to
be absorbed by factories and the tertiary sector still available and waiting for qualified staff.

36
Activity 2.2: Information counseling services and training with suitable social skills
On the ground, development organizations are playing a pivotal role in the post-war
reconstruction process by providing financial resources, essentially soft loans, to help young ex-
combatants improve their livelihoods.
LHI is also focused on delivering sustainable livelihoods for the demobilized young people. This
objective cannot be achieved if the first primary stakeholders lack the basic skills and
information to not only spur on empowerment, but to also live harmoniously with the rest of the
community. Therefore, a set of public documents related to civilian life, Human Rights, public
liberty and social behavior will be established. In summary, booklets summarizing all
information collected will be printed in an illustrated user-friendly format and dispatched among
young people during training sessions. As long as the counseling and referral services are in use,
they will remain this way. LHI will also work heavily with the Church in order to develop and
spread the message of peace. It will also work with local government officials in order to
introduce the notion of democracy. Through the partnership with the Government and Church,
LHI will be available to provide various venues for counselling. For instance, the Affa town hall
and the Affa Church (see Map 2 above). Training will be provided over the period of 6-12
months.
Output 3: Significant reconciliation between ex-combatants and the local
community.

37
Since the demise of the former regime, Bankal is a divided country. Scars of the 25 years of civil
war still run deep within the population, both for the people who were engaged in the war and
those who were subjected to it.
The diaspora communities consist of 20 000 men and women in which 5000 are living in the
Affa holding camp. IC has conducted the disarmament stage successfully and is in the process of
terminating the demobilization phase. However, the living conditions of the environment as well
as the recent tsunami present multiple problems in achieving reconciliation and reintegration.
LHI aims to overcome these difficulties through:
Activity 3.1 Map reconciliation Initiatives of the International Charity
In order to assess the status quo of Bankal, LHI will place an advisor seconded from its Bureau
of Post-War Reconciliation (BPWR) alongside IC for a period of 5 months. The advisor will
examine current demobilization initiatives being conducted by IC. This will determine entry
points for LHI to provide additional assistance to current reconciliation initiatives. The advisor’s
report should at least include:
1) An assessment of the current capacity of the IC relating to national reconciliation;
2) Identification of the most conducive entry points within the IC to enhance reconciliation
activities; and
3) Consideration of reconciliation activities being conducted by the IC and other actors and the
extent to which LHI has the capacity of complementing such activities.
Activity 3.2 Conduct media campaigns
LHI will advertise reconciliation activities via multiple methods of communication: television,
newspaper, radio and roadshows. LHI will advertise reconciliation projects to begin the process
of engaging Bankalians and in particular the citizens of Affa town into social events. This will be
done by 300 minutes of television broadcasts, 1 newspaper advert per week and roadshows once
a week.

38
Activity 3.3 Carry out community projects that involve all community members
The media campaign discussed above will essentially encourage dialogue between the diaspora
and the local community. LHI has organised that socio-cultural events be organised along the 3
year programme. This will encourage a unification of the two cultures which have been in
conflict. It is an opportunity to put the past behind and start building new relationships founded
on common ground to both cultures: dancing and music. Projects include but is not limited to
concerts, dances and theatre.

39
All LHI activities have been carefully designed and planned over a 3 year period from January
5th 2015 to January 5th 2018.
The Gantt Chart below demonstrates the RACP timeframe:

40
[Figure 4: Insert Gantt Chart]

41
13. Logical Framework of Analysis and the Results Based Framework
A complex scenario like the one present in Bankal Republic needs a concise document where the
key features of the project are clearly outlined. After having completed an exhaustive stakeholder
analysis and problem/solution tree, LHI worked on the Logical Framework of Analysis (LFA)
and the Results Based Framework (RBF) in order to ensure that RACP had the best possible
project evaluation.
The first framework is the LFA below:

42
Project
Description
Summary Objectively Verifiable Indicators
(OVI)
Means of verification (MOV) Assumptions/Risks
Goal Post-War Reconstruction A cohesive community and
peacefulenvironment
*Growth increment
*the rehabilitation of the economy
with a balanced offer/demand
market
Purpose Ex-Combatant Reintegration Ex-combatants employed and
harmoniously inserted into a
reconciled community
* Surveys
* Interviews
* Semi-structured discussions.
TJRC Report
* acceptance of the ex-combatants
by the community
* Ex-combatant now on duty
Overall Output Employment 90% of skilled combatants
employed
90% of skilled ex-combatants
employed
* survey
* feedback report
The booming reconstruction job
market will absorb the trained ex
combatants.
* Corruption`
* Nepotism
* Gender-based discrimination
* Favoritism
Specific Outputs 1. Improved physical and
mental health
2. Equipped with technical
and social skills for
employment and social
integration
3. Significant reconciliation
between ex-combatants
and the local community.
1.1. At least ¾ of 80% consulted
people have been Healed from
their illness
2.1. le majority of ex-combatants
attending the workshops have
been skilled with new talent in
line with the job-market needs
3.1. at least one workshop a week
is conducted with regards to
civics and citizenship.
* Medical Reports
* Number of combatants that have
received transplants, prosthesis and
surgical procedures.
* State recognized certification.
* Standarized test to asses mental
health.
* Interviews
* Standarized test to assess social
skills.
* discussions
* Community participation
* Risk of relapse
* high level of attendance
* success of the TJRC

43
* Key informant interviews (KIIs)
* Semi-structured discussions.
Activities 1.1. Physical and mental
assessments with referral
services.
1.2. Rehabilita-
tion from drug and alcohol
abuse.
2.1. Education, training and
micro project development.
2.2 Information counselling
services and training with
suitable social skills
3.1. Map reconciliation
Initiatives of existing
Local/Inter. Organizations
3.2. Conduct media
campaigns
3.3. Carry out community
projects that involve all
community members
3.4. Implement Truth,
Justice and Reconciliation
Commission (TJRC)
1.1.1. 80% of targeted individuals
have access to physical & mental
health facilities
1.2.1. decrease the rates of drug
and alcohol abdiction about
20rates of alcohol and drugs
comsumption
2.1.1. 60% of ex-combatant are
trained
2.2.1. 70% of ex-combatants have
been referred to the counselling
services
Outside Bankal
3.1.1. Conference held in
Manchester in order to attract
sponsors for funding
Inside Bankal
3.2.1. 30 min. of media TV/Radio
spots are dedicated to promote
reconciliation
3.2.2. At least 200 volunteers
involved in the media campaign
3.2.3. At least one roadshow
conducted a week
3.2.4.Daily sms sent to
community people
3.3.1. One social and cultural
event held monthly
3.4.1. all the 5 members of each
s/committees identified (a least 1
representative from each
stakeholders)
* Medical reports
* Monitoring & Evaluation report
*Regular attendance to support
group meetings
* attendance of training sessions
Progress report (6 months)
* Surveys
* Training records
* Attendance report·
Interviews
*Speeches, minutes of conference,
funding documents
*Adverts running on radio,tv and
newspaper
*Billboards erected
*Daily sms received
* Injured and mentally affected ex-
combatants are willing to engage
these services.
* Medical facilities will be
accessible for all individuals
* Risk of relapse
* venues available and accessible by
the targeted people
* Counselling services
automatically lead to social skill
Ex-combatants are willing to attend
the sessions
The ex-combatants will attend the
sessions inconsistently.
* Willingness of sponsors to engage
with the project
* Positive reception of the media
messages.
* Barriers raised by technical
Companies/partners and by Political
leaders

44
Inputs 1.1 GPs,Screening Equipment, Office material, Volunteers, Tents, Hospitals.
1.2 Social workers, Volunteers
2.1 & 2.2 Classrooms, halls, tutors, social workers,Volunteers, Buses.
3.1 Expert, Offices
3.2 TV/Radio airtime, Roadshows, Billboards, Newspapers,Volunteers, Buses/trucks,PA systems.
3.3 Sports equipment, Clean-up tools, Local musicians, Media equipment (speakers,amplifiers)
3.4 Women and Youth leaders, politicians, judicial experts, civil societies, medical experts opinion, leaders, halls, office material.
The next evaluation framework LHI worked on for the RACP is the RBF below:

45
The RBF is a strategic management approach. LHI believes that when dealing with this type of
large scale, complex type of project the RBF encourages a contribution to a larger chain of
logical results at every stage of the project. It also strengthens accountability and engages
stakeholders in the process which is essential for the RACP as reintegration is the main focus.
Regardless of the efficiency of the LFA as an evaluation tool, it is not correspondent with the
management principles of LHI. Although both frameworks are based on linking the lower order
objectives to the higher order objectives through the given assumptions, LHI believes the LFA
presents weaknesses. It is outdated and parochial as it neglects significant processes and effects
which LHI believe are crucial to project evaluation.

46
RBF
Objectives Expected Impact & Results Reach Performance Indicator(MOV) Assumption & Risks
Strategic goal:
Post war
reconstruction:
Improve the
prospects of lasting
peace to
accompany
economic growth
Impact
An economically
developed nation build
on the basis of a
peaceful and active
society to ensure its
sustainability
Beneficiaries:
 Bankal Republic
 GDP
 HDI
 GNH
Assumptions:
 All medical andtraining
institutionsare
successfullysetup
 The TJRC achieve its
mandate
Risks:
 Absorption capacityof
the job market
Purposes:
Effective Ex
combatant
reintegration
Outcome
Employed Ex
Combatants as a basis
to achieved their social
reintegration and
subsequent social
cohesion
Beneficiaries:
 Ex-combatant
 Community
 Numberof ex-combatant
skilledwithtechnical and
professionalreadytobe
employed
 Numberof ex-combatant
whohave leftthe camp and
joiningthe community

Specific objectives:
1. Improved
physical and
mental health
2. Equipped with
technical and
social skills for
employment and
social integration
3. Significant
reconciliation
between ex-
combatants and
1.1. At least ¾ of 80%
consulted people have
been Healed from their
illness
2.1. le majority of ex-
combatants attending the
workshops have been
skilled with new talent in
line with the job-market
needs
3.1. At least one workshop
a week is conducted with
regards to civics and
Beneficiaries:
 Ex-combatant
 Medical Reports
 RNLI (Reintegration to
normal living index).
 Number of combatants that
have received transplants,
prosthesis and surgical
procedures.
 State recognized
certification.
 Standarized test to asses
mental health.
 Interviews
 Standarized test to assess
Assumptions:
 High level of attendance
 Success of the TJRC
Risks:
 Possible relapse in drugs
and alcohol use
RESULT-BASED FRAMEWORK

47
the local
community.
citizenship social skills.
 Discussions
 Community participation
 Key informant interviews
(KIIs)
 * Semi-structured
discussions.
Activities
1.1. Physical and
mental assessments
with referralservices.
1.2. Rehabilita-
tion from drug and
alcohol abuse.
2.1. Education,
training and micro
project development.
2.2 Information
counselling services
and training with
suitable social skills
3.1. Map
reconciliation
Initiatives of existing
Local/Inter.
Organizations
3.2. Conduct media
campaigns
3.3. Carry out
community projects
that involve all
community members
3.4. Implement Truth,
Justice and
Outputs:
1.1.1. 80% of targeted
individuals have access to
physical & mental health
facilities
1.2.1. decrease the rates of
drug and alcohol abdiction
about 20rates of alcohol
and drugs comsumption
2.1.1. 60% of ex-
combatant are trained
2.2.1. 70% of ex-
combatants have been
referred to the counselling
services
Outside Bankal
3.1.1. Conference held in
Manchester in order to
attract sponsors for
funding
Inside Bankal
3.2.1. 30 min. of media
TV/Radio spots are
dedicated to promote
reconciliation
3.2.2. At least 200
volunteers involved in the
media campaign
 Medical reports
 Monitoring & Evaluation
report
 Regular attendance to
support group meetings
 attendance of training
sessions
 Progress report (6 months)
 Surveys
 Training records
 Attendance report·
Interviews
 Speeches,minutes of
conference,funding
documents
 Adverts running on radio, tv
and newspaper
 Billboards erected
 Daily sms received
Assumptions:
 Injured and mentally
affected ex-combatants
are willing to engage
these services.
 Medical facilities will be
accessible for all
individuals
 Risk of relapse
 venues available and
accessible by the targeted
people
 Counselling services
automatically lead to
social skill
 Ex-combatants are
willing to attend the
sessions
 The ex-combatants will
attend the sessions
inconsistently.
 Willingness of sponsors
to engage with the
project

48
Reconciliation
Commission (TJRC)
3.2.3. At least one
roadshow conducted a
week
3.2.4.Daily sms sent to
community people
3.3.1. One social and
cultural event held
monthly
3.4.1. all the 5 members of
each s/committees
identified (a least 1
representative from each
stakeholders)
 Positive reception of the
media messages.
 * Barriers raised by
technical
Companies/partners and
by Political leaders

49
LHI adopted the RBF to be the principal guide their programming which focuses on a results
driven performance.
Assumptions
The successful performance of RACP is premised on given assumptions:
● The implementation of a Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC)
LHI assumes that the Government will engage with stakeholders to set up a Truth, Justice and
Reconciliation Commission (TJRC). The TJRC presents a dialogue platform that can be
described as an incubation chamber for national healing, reconciliation and forgiveness. In its
work, the Commission would recognize the continuous nature of a reconciliation process over
time as opposed to it being an event. Accordingly, the Commission will work towards ensuring
that its activities in the course of its life and the result of its work would substantially contribute
to the process of reconciliation.
● The existence of efficient doctors (GPs, physiotherapists and psychiatrists)
LHI assumes there are sufficient qualified doctors to carry out the physical and mental
assessments and monitoring. Considering Aton District has not been affected by the damage of
the tsunami in the south and East Coast, Affa’s hospitals and medical centres are still
operational. The question remains on whether the doctors will effectively and efficiently carry
out the activities designed in the RACP.
● Facilities accessible for all individuals
The quality of the roads and the issue of transportation needs to be investigated. LHI assumes
that there is a local bus that can transport ex-combatants to medical centres and cultural fairs in
and around Affa. LHI ensures that there is at least one point of contact with medical practitioners
with the presence of its medical camp in the holding camp.
● High level of attendance
The level of attendance to the RACP activities is central to it’s purpose of reintegration through
employment of ex-combatants.
● Ill and mentally affected ex-combatants are willing to engage in activities
● Counselling services systematically to acquiring social skills
● Positive reception of the media messages

50
Risks
● Absorption capacity of the job market
Although Bankal has enjoyed sustained economic growth, the economy and society that
prevailed in the areas impacted by the tsunami has been destroyed. LHI assumes that this will not
affect the job market and that it is still possible to find employment in the region. The risk
however remains on whether the job market will be able to receive newly educated and trained
ex-combatants.
● Possible relapse in drugs and alcohol use
Considering the fragile state of the country, LHI cannot deny the possibility of ex-combatants
returning to their old habits of drugs and alcohol use. This could potentially result during their
training as much as it could after. The severe trauma ex-combatants have and still experiencing
needs to be treated needs to be dealt with serious care. This is why the RACP essentially focuses
on medical assessments and continues to do so throughout it’s 3 year programme.
14. Budget

54
As most of the humanitarian and socio-economic development assistance along with or after natural
disaster and human crisis as well, LHI intervention in Bankal crisis will require consistent funds. LHI,
benefiting from its professional networks of development, fundraising and a 3 year grant provided by
OFID as stated above. In total, LHI has collected almost US 2 MIO dollars in order to implement the
RACP. Thus, a budget cost breakdown has been drafted taking into account different phases of
implementation of the project namely (i) preparedness phase, (ii) implementation phase and (iii)
monitoring and evaluation phase.
i. Preparedness Phase
This phase consists of setting the scene by mapping reconciliation initiatives of existing
local/international organizations already working on the ground in view of avoiding redundancy in
assistance. Thus recruitment of various development agents will be done as well as building basic
infrastructure such as medical camp. On the other hand, a first media campaign will be conducted to
raise awareness of the ex-combatants status quo and the RACP. This preparedness phase will cost USD
327,600.
We shall notice that Preparedness Phase is inclusive of year 1.
ii. Implementation Phase: Years 1 – 2 and 3
This is the core phase of LHI intervention. This phase consists of implementing LHI activities according
to the project Gantt chart designed. For transparency and accountability purposes as well as efficiency
and effectiveness, LHI has divided cost per year of intervention.
Year 1 –
Consequently, during the first year, activities in accordance to the budget cost breakdown below will be
carried out with a total of USD 462,540. By considering the preparedness phase cost, LHI will have a
total budget for the first year as follows: (327,600 + 468,340 = USD 795,940)
Year 2 –
Second year will see the certain activities continuing to be implemented (activities from 0.5 to 1.1 from
the budget table), except 0.7 that remains a group of activities to be handled during the first year only.
For the year 2, the total cost planned is USD 468,340 – 174,340 = USD 294,000)
Year 3 –
The final year of LHI intervention should not diverge from the second year since all group of activities
will be repeated. Thus the total cost planned is USD 468,340 – 174,340 = USD 294,000)
The grand total cost for the 3 years of implementation is

55
iii. Monitoring and Evaluation
LHI has planned to monitor the project during the last quarter of each year. For that purpose, the LHI 4
staff members will conduct the activities monitoring for a total cost of (72,000 x 3 = USD 216,000).
Evaluation will be process along with the final year quarter for no additional cost.
The budget cost summary herewith sum up the different phases and related costs:
i. Year 1:
iv. Preparedness Phase
v. + Implementation phase 1
vi. Year 2:
vii. Implementation Phase 2
viii. Year 3:
ix. Implementation
Phase 3
x. + Monitoring and
Evaluation
(0) Map reconciliation Initiatives of existing Local/Inter. Organizations
(1) Physical and mental assessments with referral services.
(2) Medical Camp setting up
(3) Conduct physical and mental health assessments.
(4) Conduct media campaigns
(5) Conduct media campaigns
(6) Carry out community projects that involve all community members - 3 days Socio-Cultural
Fair
(7) Rehabilitation from drug and alcohol abuse
(8) BATCH-1 Education, training on professional & technical skills development.
(9) BATCH-2 Education, training on professional & technical skills development.
(10) BATCH-1 Information counselling services and training with suitable social skills
(11) BATCH-2 Information counselling services and training with suitable social skills
(12) Monitoring of activities
USD 795,940 USD 294,000 U USD 294,000
USD 1,383,940

56
15. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
The underlying purpose of EIA as proposed by the National Environmental Protection Agency
(NEPA) seeks to restore and maintain environmental quality (NEPA, Section 101 (a)). LHI
strives to go beyond this purpose with the systematic application of its Environmental and Social
Standards (ESS) which are the foundation for its commitment to Environmental and Social
Sustainability. The ESS requires that all LHI projects encourage beneficial environmental and
social change as well as reducing and mitigating environmental risks during the four stages of its
intervention: Pre-Construction Phase, Construction Phase, Operational Phase and Closure Phase.
The EIA is adapted to Bankal’s current situation taking into consideration public attitudes, its
degree of poverty, it’s climate as well as economic and national policy. It provides information
on the direct and indirect environmental consequences which might arise from all the projects
activities. The following analysis has been done using the EIA Matrix.

57
ProjectActivities
Components
1.1Liaise withlocal
healthcentres to
ascertainavailability
of facilities forpost
assessment (hire local
staff andmedical
practitioners)
1.2Medical
Campsettingup(recruit volunteers &set
upphysicalcamp)
1.3. Conduct
physicaland
mentalhealth
assessments
2.1 Consult
localmedia
centers in
Bankal&2.2
Consult local
stakeholders
2.3Film,record,
interview enough
broadcast
footage of
activities taking
place inBankal.
2.4
Monitoring
of Media
activities
3.1Socio-
Cultural
FairDays
(once every6
months)
3.1.1Recruit
volunteers &
3.1.2Find
groups,bands
andvarious
artists
3.1.3Get
business
sponsors
3.1.7Clean
upthe site
3.1.8-3
days
Socio-
Cultural
Fair
4.1Hire
localmedical
practitioners
(Psychiatrists and
psychologists)to
runassessments
4.2Hire locals
withthe relevant
skills to provide
administrative
services.
4.3Partner
withlocal
rehabilitation
centers to
ascertain
availabilityof
facilities for
postassessment
4.4
conduct
the
referral
services
5.1Hire locals
with
the relevant skills
to provide
teachingand
practicalservices.
5.2&6.1Traning
onProfessional
skills (invarious
technicalskills as
perthe demandof
the jobmarket)
5.3&6.2
Apprentic
eship
7.1Hire local
agents
withrelevant
prof. skills to
provide
teachingand
services
7.2&8.1
conduct one-to-
one counselling
service with
adviser
7.3&8.2
Workshops on
HumanRights
andCivil
litberties
(monthly)
8.3
monitoring
of acttivities
*Modificationof habitat
*Alterationof groundcover
*Site clearing&
earthworks
*Establishment of a temporarybuilding
*Constructionof access roads
*Transportationof Materials and
Equipment
*Waste
emplacement
andtreatment
*Changes in
traffic (cars,
trucks)
*Waste
*Traffic
*Waste
*Traffic *Traffic *Traffic
Also a
mitigation
method
*Waste
*Traffic *Traffic
Water N/A S N/A N/A S L S S S S S L L L S L S S L L
Air N/A S N/A S S L S S S S S L L L S L S S L L
Soil N/A
S
N/A S S L S S S S S L L L S L S S L L
Gender
Populationdensity S L L N/A N/A L
Socialinequality S L S
Cohesion/
CommunityStructure
Incomes
Livelihoods
Jobs
Structures
Transportationnetwork
Waste disposal N/A S N/A N/A S N/A S N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Public &local
communityhealth N/A N/A N/A
Noise N/A S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Workers health&
safety N/A
Large negative impact S= Short Term
Smallnegative impact L= LongTerm
Large positive impact
Smallpositive impact
HumanHealth
5& 6. Batch 1& 2- Education, training
on professional& technicalskillsdevelopment
7& 8. BATCH-1& 2. Information
counselling servicesand training with suitablesocialskills
4. Rehabilitation from drug
& alcoholabuse
Actions of the components
Man-made
facilities
andactivitiesBiophysicalSocialEconomic
1. Physicaland mentalassessmentswith referralservices
3. Carry outcommunity
projectsthatinvolveallcommunity members
2. Conductmedia campaigns

58
Environmental and Social Standards (ESS) in Bankal
The ESS are upheld by three fundamental pillars:
1- Understanding the local, regional and national environmental standards & consultation of the
public
LHI has undertaken substantial mapping of Bankal’s social and environmental needs during the
Pre-Construction Phase. This has been carried out with the help of current organisations working
on the ground today (see Map 1 & 2). Furthermore, it has been achieved with public participation
and consultation which LHI believes is essential in developing an environmentally sustainable
project as well as encouraging educational, democratic and ethical practices. The needs and
priorities of the Bankalians are at the forefront of LHI’s activities. Participatory workshops and
meetings have been held in order to determine the views of the local stakeholders on how RACP
might impact their lives personally. This process seeks to empower and emancipate ex-
combatants as well as the Affa community. These views have been evaluated against our project
design and discussed in the meetings. LHI will annually report on the project’s environmental,
health and safety impacts.
2- Consideration of alternatives
RACP was designed around the concept of sustainability. LHI intends to give ownership of the
project to stakeholders by using local amenities and practitioners. On environmental grounds, it
is also the most preferable alternative. Other alternatives that were considered included: the
construction of buildings (a school and a hospital), creating a transport system to relay projects
and flying in more LHI medical practitioners. By choosing the first alternative, LHI avoids
potential environmental damage which may follow as a result of the former alternatives.
3- Mitigation
As a developing region, Bankal does not benefit from the luxury of a systematic waste removal
programme. In order to avoid waste during RACP, no permanent constructions have been
implemented in the project design. The only constructions are temporary: the medical camp and
stages for the Socio-Cultural Fairs.
Activities have been predicted to have short-term (S) and long-term (L) negative effects on the
biophysical environment. Although the short-term effects substantially outweigh the long-term
ones, LHI has predicted that the traffic flow created during the Construction and Operational
Phases of the project will be the primary causes of those negative impacts. LHI has incorporated
mitigation of the traffic flow in the design of its activities. The construction of roads will be
encouraged as a major community development activity. Not only will it contribute to
sustainable post-tsunami reconstruction, it will also contribute to ex-combatant development and
community reconciliation through the partnership with local institutions.

59
16. Legal Context. Instruments and authority
As an international organization LHI operates in compliance with international law and the
basic principles that guide relations among nations. Respecting the legal framework and
traditions of the region in which intervenes.
LHI function is that of providing humanitarian and development assistance and would require
further legal arrangements to engage in activities outside its natural competence jurisdiction or
activities that are exclusively monopoly of the state.
17. Recommendations
LHI recommends that the state create a TRJC to protect former combatants of being victims of
further injustice.
18. Conclusion
LHI designed the RACP to provide humanitarian assistance to Bankal Republic in the field of
post conflict reconstruction to promote peace building in the aftermath of the 25 year civil war.
The strategy was guided by the organization principles of neutrality and impartiality with an
humanitarian approach.
After completing a situation analysis a wide range of problem were identified. After a carefully
thought strategy it was decided biggest contributions could be done by assisting in the post-
conflict reconstruction of the country and the RACP was designed. The project, seeks to achieve
effective former combatants reintegration trough employment. It involves a number of activities
aimed at improving ex-combatants standards of living to allow them to make their contributions
to Bankal’s development and create a better sustainable place for all society.
It has contributed to:
 Empowerment through learning
Through the technical and social training of the RACP, LHI believes x percent of the 5000 ex-
combatants will have the skills necessary to reintegrate into Affa’s community. Furthermore, the
new acquire abilities will boost former combatants confidence and encourage them to make
contributions to society.
 Stability, cooperation and engagement with civil society
The main goal of rehabilitation and mental health assessment is to drop the rate of abduction to
substances and violent behaviour. Improvements in their personal lives will improve former
combatants’ self-confidence and interaction with others. Another positive aspect of involvement

60
in the programme is that it will create confidence in the institutions and civil society in general,
hence, fostering stability and cooperation.
 Economic growth of Bankal Republic
The reintegration of former combatants is not only a moral imperative but also an economic one.
Providing them with the necessary skills to enter the job market will enhance Bankals Republic
economic performance by increasing the overall impact human capital plays in productivity.
By not making former combatants a political priority Bankal Republic has failed at its basic
function of providing wellbeing and safety for the most vulnerable. Furthermore, it has been
failing to capture the full benefits that could potentially derive of healthy, well trained ex
combatants by sub utilizing the nation’s most valuable asset, its people.
Evaluation reports will be disclosed on the 7th of January every year until the end of the grant in
2018. Post-evaluation report will be available during March 2018.
19. Bibliography
African Development Group (2008) Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration
Transitional Support Program (MDRTSP) Program Appraisal Report
Blackman, R (2003) Project Cycle Management. Roots. Tearfund
Dale, R. (2004) Development Planning: Concepts and Tools for Planners, Managers and
Facilitators, London, Zed
Gasper, D. (2000) Evaluating the ‘Logical Framework Approach’ Towards Learning-orientated
Development Evaluation. Public Administration and Development 20 (1) 17-28
GFDRR (2008) Disaster, Damage, Loss and Needs Assessment: Training Guidelines.
Glucker et al (2013) Public participation in environmental impact assessment: why, who and
how? In: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol. 443, pp.104-111
Hatton, M. J. (2007) Result Based Management: Friend or Foe? Development in Practice, Vol
17(4) pp 426-432
ICRC (2008) Guidelines for assessment in emergencies.

61
Molloy, D (2011) DDR: Niger Delta and Sri Lanka: Smoke and Mirrors? Journal of Conflict
Transformation and Security, Vol.1, No.1
NEPA (1969) Section 101 Congressional declaration of national environmental policy. Available
at: http://montereybay.noaa.gov/sac/2008/081508/nepa101.pdf
OFID (2015) The Opec Fund for International Development. Available at:
http://www.ofid.org/PROJECTSOPERATIONS/Grants/GrantApplication.aspx
UN (2010) Operational Guide to the Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration
Standards (IDDRS)
UNEP (2004) Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment:
Towards an Integrated Approach. Available at:
http://www.unep.ch/etu/publications/textONUbr.pdf
UNDP (2011) Reconciliation and DDR Preparatory Assistance Project. Available at:
http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/documents/projects/IRQ/procurement99.doc
UNDP. (2014). Practice Note: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-
combatants.
http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2795101D27F8E4EBC125742800328C0F-
undp_dec2005.pdf
UNDP (2011) Harmonizing RBM concepts and approaches for improved development results at
country level. Results-Based Management Handbook.

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