Lid Malignancies
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•47 views
Lid malignancies are abnormal growth found on the lids , it may be benign growth or malignant one .
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
spine metastasis
This document discusses spine metastasis, which most commonly originates from the breast, lung, prostate, thyroid, or skin cancers. The spine is the most common site of bone metastasis. Metastasis can spread to the spine through the bloodstream or directly from nearby tumors. Common symptoms are pain and neurological problems. Investigations include blood tests, x-rays, CT scans, MRI, bone scans, and biopsy. Treatment decisions consider the type of primary cancer, neurological involvement, spinal stability, systemic disease burden, and performance status. Options are medical management, radiation therapy, surgery, or a combination. Prognostic scoring systems help guide treatment choices.
Angiomyolipoma
- Angiomyolipoma is a rare, benign renal tumor composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and fat that accounts for less than 10% of renal tumors. It occurs more frequently in women and individuals with tuberous sclerosis. Symptoms include flank pain, masses, and hemorrhage. Diagnosis is based on imaging showing a fat-containing renal lesion. Treatment options range from observation to surgery depending on size and symptoms.
Melanoma Sentinel Lymph node
This document discusses sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures for malignant melanoma. It describes the Cochran method of bisecting lymph nodes along the central plane to best view cut surfaces for metastases. Sections are stained with H&E and immunohistochemically for S-100 and HMB-45. An alternative method slices nodes at 2mm intervals, avoiding difficult plane identification but possibly requiring more blocks for large nodes. Images show immunostaining demonstrating metastatic melanoma cells in subcapsular sinuses of sentinel lymph nodes.
FNAC of breast
This document provides information on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings for different types of breast cancers and lesions. It describes the typical cellular appearance and characteristics seen on FNAC for normal breast tissue, ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, and metaplastic carcinoma. It also outlines the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading system used to assess breast cancer prognosis based on histopathological analysis of tumor cells and tissue structure.
Seminoma
1. Seminoma is the most common malignant tumor of the testis, occurring most often in men between ages 25-55. Undescended testes are an important risk factor.
2. There are two main types of seminoma: classic seminoma, which accounts for 90% of cases, and spermatocytic seminoma, which comprises 5% of cases.
3. Classic seminoma appears as enlarged, solid testes containing white nodules separated from the testicular tissue. Under the microscope, classic seminoma cells are large with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei, and stain positive for glycogen.
Approach to undifferentiated tumors
This document provides an approach for evaluating undifferentiated tumors. It begins by categorizing undifferentiated tumors into 4 groups based on morphology: small round cell tumors, epithelioid cell tumors, spindle cell tumors, and pleomorphic tumors. It then outlines the diagnostic algorithm which involves determining the main lineage (epithelial, melanocytic, hematopoietic/lymphoid, or mesenchymal), specifying a diagnosis using immunohistochemistry and clinical correlation, and considering the differential diagnoses for each category. A variety of immunohistochemical markers are also described that can help identify the cell or tumor type.
Neoplasia introduction
This document provides information on neoplasia (new growth) and tumor nomenclature. It defines neoplasia as abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth that exceeds normal tissues. Tumors are named based on their cell or tissue of origin, with benign tumors ending in "-oma" and malignant tumors called carcinomas for epithelial cells and sarcomas for mesenchymal cells. Common sites for teratomas are the gonads and along midline fusion lines. Hamartomas contain normal tissues for the organ, while choristomas contain ectopic tissues. Environmental exposures like coal tar were found to induce skin cancer in rabbits.
Tumor like lesions of testis
This document discusses various tumor-like lesions of the testis. It first classifies primary testicular tumors, noting that 95% are germ cell tumors such as seminomas or non-seminomas including teratomas. It then discusses specific tumor-like lesions such as epidermoid cysts, testicular microlithiasis which appears as microcalcifications, and granulomatous orchitis which can be caused by various pathogens. Radiologic characteristics and clinical features are provided for many of the discussed lesions.
Recommended
spine metastasis
This document discusses spine metastasis, which most commonly originates from the breast, lung, prostate, thyroid, or skin cancers. The spine is the most common site of bone metastasis. Metastasis can spread to the spine through the bloodstream or directly from nearby tumors. Common symptoms are pain and neurological problems. Investigations include blood tests, x-rays, CT scans, MRI, bone scans, and biopsy. Treatment decisions consider the type of primary cancer, neurological involvement, spinal stability, systemic disease burden, and performance status. Options are medical management, radiation therapy, surgery, or a combination. Prognostic scoring systems help guide treatment choices.
Angiomyolipoma
- Angiomyolipoma is a rare, benign renal tumor composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and fat that accounts for less than 10% of renal tumors. It occurs more frequently in women and individuals with tuberous sclerosis. Symptoms include flank pain, masses, and hemorrhage. Diagnosis is based on imaging showing a fat-containing renal lesion. Treatment options range from observation to surgery depending on size and symptoms.
Melanoma Sentinel Lymph node
This document discusses sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures for malignant melanoma. It describes the Cochran method of bisecting lymph nodes along the central plane to best view cut surfaces for metastases. Sections are stained with H&E and immunohistochemically for S-100 and HMB-45. An alternative method slices nodes at 2mm intervals, avoiding difficult plane identification but possibly requiring more blocks for large nodes. Images show immunostaining demonstrating metastatic melanoma cells in subcapsular sinuses of sentinel lymph nodes.
FNAC of breast
This document provides information on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings for different types of breast cancers and lesions. It describes the typical cellular appearance and characteristics seen on FNAC for normal breast tissue, ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, and metaplastic carcinoma. It also outlines the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading system used to assess breast cancer prognosis based on histopathological analysis of tumor cells and tissue structure.
Seminoma
1. Seminoma is the most common malignant tumor of the testis, occurring most often in men between ages 25-55. Undescended testes are an important risk factor.
2. There are two main types of seminoma: classic seminoma, which accounts for 90% of cases, and spermatocytic seminoma, which comprises 5% of cases.
3. Classic seminoma appears as enlarged, solid testes containing white nodules separated from the testicular tissue. Under the microscope, classic seminoma cells are large with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei, and stain positive for glycogen.
Approach to undifferentiated tumors
This document provides an approach for evaluating undifferentiated tumors. It begins by categorizing undifferentiated tumors into 4 groups based on morphology: small round cell tumors, epithelioid cell tumors, spindle cell tumors, and pleomorphic tumors. It then outlines the diagnostic algorithm which involves determining the main lineage (epithelial, melanocytic, hematopoietic/lymphoid, or mesenchymal), specifying a diagnosis using immunohistochemistry and clinical correlation, and considering the differential diagnoses for each category. A variety of immunohistochemical markers are also described that can help identify the cell or tumor type.
Neoplasia introduction
This document provides information on neoplasia (new growth) and tumor nomenclature. It defines neoplasia as abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth that exceeds normal tissues. Tumors are named based on their cell or tissue of origin, with benign tumors ending in "-oma" and malignant tumors called carcinomas for epithelial cells and sarcomas for mesenchymal cells. Common sites for teratomas are the gonads and along midline fusion lines. Hamartomas contain normal tissues for the organ, while choristomas contain ectopic tissues. Environmental exposures like coal tar were found to induce skin cancer in rabbits.
Tumor like lesions of testis
This document discusses various tumor-like lesions of the testis. It first classifies primary testicular tumors, noting that 95% are germ cell tumors such as seminomas or non-seminomas including teratomas. It then discusses specific tumor-like lesions such as epidermoid cysts, testicular microlithiasis which appears as microcalcifications, and granulomatous orchitis which can be caused by various pathogens. Radiologic characteristics and clinical features are provided for many of the discussed lesions.
Choroidal nevus and chrpe
This document discusses choroidal nevus, congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE), and their clinical features and management. Choroidal nevus are typically asymptomatic and appear as well-circumscribed pigmented lesions less than 5mm in diameter. CHRPE can be solitary or multifocal lesions that are flat, gray in color, and sometimes associated with familial adenomatous polyposis or Gardner syndrome. Evaluation includes imaging like OCT and ultrasound, while management involves observation with treatment if complications arise like exudation or subretinal fluid.
Metastasis pg activity
This document discusses the cytopathology of metastatic neoplasms. It covers metastatic neoplasms in lymph nodes and lungs, including patterns of spread and cytological features that can indicate the primary site. Diagnosis of primary and secondary lymphomatous effusions is also addressed. Key points include that lymph nodes and lungs are common sites of metastasis, cytology can provide clues to the primary site through cell morphology and patterns, and immunohistochemistry is often needed to confirm diagnosis and primary site.
Choroidal melanoma
Choroidal melanoma is more common in older white males. Risk factors include sunlight exposure and genetic factors like mutations in BAP1. Clinical features include blurred vision, photopsia, and decreased light sensitivity. Examination may reveal a dark brown or creamy colored dome shaped lesion protruding into the vitreous. Diagnosis is based on orange pigment, subretinal fluid, thickness over 2mm, and growth over time. Management involves radiotherapy, phototherapy, or surgery depending on tumor size and location. Prognosis is poorer with larger tumor size, anterior location, extrascleral extension, older age, and genetic factors like monosomy 3.
Bcc & s cc
Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the two most common types of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common human cancer, making up 25% of all cancers. It rarely metastasizes but can cause extensive damage locally. Risk factors include sun exposure, lighter skin, older age, immunosuppression, and genetic conditions. Treatment options include curettage and electrodesiccation, surgical excision with margin assessment, Mohs surgery, radiation therapy, and topical therapies like imiquimod for superficial lesions. Mohs surgery achieves the highest cure rates of over 99% for basal cell carcinoma.
Neoplasia
Neoplasia
Overview
Characteristics of neoplasms compared to normal tissues
Types of neoplasms
Benign vs malignant
Cellular differentiation
Genetic basis for neoplasia
What is a “neoplasm”?
Lay term of “tumor” conveys usual connotations – ie a new growth or mass
Definition revolves around these features:
Monoclonal proliferation of cells with specific mutations
Excessive and unregulated growth of these cells, often at the expense of surrounding normal tissue
Terms to know about when discussing neoplasia
Metastasis - spread of a malignant tumor from one site to another via blood or lymph
Benign – typically refers to those tumors incapable of metastasis and having a good clinical outcome (prognosis)
Malignant – those tumors capable of invasive growth and/or metastasis, often fatal if not treated effectively
Parenchyma – these are the tumor cells themselves, usually referring to epithelial cells in organs.
Stroma – connective tissue cells that support the parenchymal cells – not actually tumor cells, but are stimulated to grow by the tumor via growth factors, eg angiogenesis
Cellular differentiation
Tumors are often “graded” as to how closely they resemble the normal parent tissue that they are derived from.
Well-differentiated means the cells are very similar in appearance and architectural arrangement to normal tissue of that organ
Differentiation
“Poorly-differentiated” refers to tumors that show only minimal resemblance to the normal parent tissue they are derived from.
“Anaplastic” means the tumor shows no obvious similarity to it’s parent tissue, usually associated with aggressive behavior
So what??????
Differentiation often provides clues as to the clinical aggressiveness of the tumor
Tumors often lose differentiation features over time as they become more “malignant” and as they acquire more cumulative genetic mutations
Differentiation often predicts responsiveness to certain therapies, eg estrogen receptors and Tamoxifen in breast cancers
Benign
– circumscribed, often encapsulated, pushes normal tissue aside
Malignant
– infiltrative growth, no capsule, destructive of normal tissues
Classification of neoplasms
Epithelial tumors
Benign forms – adenoma , papilloma
Malignant forms – carcinoma, eg adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma
Mesenchymal tumors
Benign forms – fibroma, leiomyoma,
Malignant forms – sarcoma, eg fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma
Classification continued
Tumors of lymphocytes are always malignant – called lymphoma
Tumors of melanocytes
Benign – nevus
Malignant - melanoma
Precursors of neoplasia
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Chronic inflammation
dysplasia
Metaplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia
Locally malignant tumor
A locally malignant tumor is a malignant tumor that only spreads locally through direct infiltration and does not metastasize to distant sites. Basal cell carcinoma is an example of a locally malignant tumor that arises from basal cells in the skin. It grows slowly, rarely spreads beyond local tissues, and is not likely to cause death unless untreated, where it can erode into surrounding structures. While classified as malignant, basal cell carcinoma only spreads locally and rarely metastasizes due to its slow growth rate and tendency to remain confined to the site of origin.
Neoplasia by Dr. Aryan
Neoplasia i.e tumor has major two categories viz, benign and malignant. We will discuss about their difference and spread in normal human body.
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a low-grade malignant tumor most common in young women. It is characterized by mutations in the CTNNB1 gene in 90-100% of cases. Clinically, it presents as an indolent, well-circumscribed solid and cystic mass distributed throughout the pancreas. Microscopically, it displays monomorphic sheets and pseudopapillary structures with degenerative changes and perineural/vascular invasion is rare. Immunohistochemistry is positive for beta-catenin, CD10, CD56 and other markers. Prognosis is generally excellent even with rare metastases.
Follicular thyroid differential diagnosis
Follicular ca thyroid might present as various presentation so differntail diagnosis are many and thus dificult to diagnose
Choroidal melanoma
Choroidal melanoma is a rare type of eye cancer that affects the choroid layer of the eye. It is most common in light-eyed individuals over the age of 50. The exact cause is unknown but genetic factors likely play a role. Clinically, it presents as an orange or dark pigmented tumor arising from the choroid that may cause visual symptoms or retinal detachment. Investigations like ultrasound and MRI are used to determine the size, thickness and location of the tumor. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the tumor but may include enucleation, radiation therapy, thermotherapy or cryotherapy. Prognosis depends on the size and whether the cancer has metastasized, with larger tumors carrying a
Small round cell tumors
Small round cell tumors are a group of highly aggressive cancers composed of small, undifferentiated cells. The diagnostic approach involves clinical findings, imaging, pathology, and molecular genetics testing. Key small round cell tumors in pediatric patients include Ewing sarcoma, neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma, and lymphoblastic lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry and genetic testing are used to determine the specific tumor type to help guide treatment.
Diagnostic challenges in uterine mesenchymal tumors
diagnostic pitfalls in uterine tumors of mesenchymal origin and how to differentiate between them with the aid of IHCs and molecular studies
Small round cell_tumor_DR NARMADA
The document discusses several pediatric neoplasms that appear as small round blue cell tumors due to their primitive histological features. These include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma, and lymphoma. For each tumor, the document outlines characteristics such as common age of diagnosis, clinical features, histopathological appearance under the microscope, immunohistochemistry profiles, genetics where relevant, and important prognostic factors. Differential diagnosis of these small round blue cell tumors in children is provided for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
NEOPLASIA 2
This document discusses the characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms. It describes how malignant tumors are less differentiated, grow faster, are more locally invasive, and can metastasize to other parts of the body compared to benign tumors. The document also discusses epidemiological factors that affect cancer incidence such as geographic location, age, heredity, and preexisting conditions. Common cancer types and causes of cancer death worldwide are also presented.
SYNOVIAL CELL SARCOMA DR NARMADA
This document discusses synovial sarcoma, a rare soft tissue tumor. Key points:
- It typically occurs near joints in young adults and has a slight male predominance.
- Though called "synovial sarcoma", the cells it develops from are unknown and it has no relationship to normal synovium tissue.
- Diagnosis involves identifying the characteristic translocation between chromosomes 18 and X via cytogenetic testing.
- Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the tumor along with radiation and chemotherapy, but prognosis depends on factors like size, margins, and metastasis.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Undifferntiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), became Undifferntiated pleomorphic sarcoma UPS after 2002 WHO classification of tumors
Neoplasms of thyroid gland
This document discusses the main types of thyroid carcinomas: papillary carcinoma (85% of cases), follicular carcinoma (5-15% of cases), medullary carcinomas (5% of cases), and anaplastic carcinomas (<5% of cases). Papillary and follicular carcinomas are well-differentiated and derived from thyroid follicular epithelium, while medullary carcinomas are derived from parafollicular C cells. Papillary carcinoma is the most common type and can occur at any age but most often between 25-50 years old. Follicular carcinoma is more common in women and presents at an older age than papillary. Medullary carcinoma secretes calcitonin and is
05 malignant eyelid tumours
This document summarizes different types of malignant eyelid tumors including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, meibomian gland carcinoma, melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. It describes characteristics such as appearance, location, histology, and treatment options for each type of tumor. The most common is basal cell carcinoma, which typically affects the elderly on the head and neck region, grows slowly, and has a low risk of metastasis. Surgical excision is the primary treatment but other options include cryotherapy and radiotherapy. Reconstruction of the eyelid may require various flap procedures depending on the size of the defect.
Ovarian neoplasm
This document provides an overview of ovarian neoplasms, discussing their classification, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and other characteristics. The major groups include surface epithelial tumors, sex cord-stromal tumors, germ cell tumors, and metastatic tumors. Surface epithelial tumors include serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, seromucinous, and Brenner tumors. Sex cord-stromal tumors comprise granulosa cell tumor, thecoma, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, and steroid cell tumor. Germ cell tumors are dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, teratoma. Risk factors, tumor markers, gross
salivary gland3.ppt
The aspirate is suspicious for malignancy based on the following:
1) The aspirate contains basaloid cells with scant clear cytoplasm and dark angulated nuclei suggestive of adenoid cystic carcinoma.
2) Uniform clusters of tumor cells are seen along with hyaline spherical globules adhered to tumor cells.
3) The aspirate has a high risk (70-80%) of being malignant and would require radical resection given the suspicious cytology.
Tissue Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors
This document discusses various tumors of the salivary glands. It begins by describing the major salivary glands and then covers topics such as pleomorphic adenoma, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Key points are that pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor of the major salivary glands, adenoid cystic carcinoma is most common in the minor salivary glands, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor overall.
More Related Content
What's hot
Choroidal nevus and chrpe
This document discusses choroidal nevus, congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE), and their clinical features and management. Choroidal nevus are typically asymptomatic and appear as well-circumscribed pigmented lesions less than 5mm in diameter. CHRPE can be solitary or multifocal lesions that are flat, gray in color, and sometimes associated with familial adenomatous polyposis or Gardner syndrome. Evaluation includes imaging like OCT and ultrasound, while management involves observation with treatment if complications arise like exudation or subretinal fluid.
Metastasis pg activity
This document discusses the cytopathology of metastatic neoplasms. It covers metastatic neoplasms in lymph nodes and lungs, including patterns of spread and cytological features that can indicate the primary site. Diagnosis of primary and secondary lymphomatous effusions is also addressed. Key points include that lymph nodes and lungs are common sites of metastasis, cytology can provide clues to the primary site through cell morphology and patterns, and immunohistochemistry is often needed to confirm diagnosis and primary site.
Choroidal melanoma
Choroidal melanoma is more common in older white males. Risk factors include sunlight exposure and genetic factors like mutations in BAP1. Clinical features include blurred vision, photopsia, and decreased light sensitivity. Examination may reveal a dark brown or creamy colored dome shaped lesion protruding into the vitreous. Diagnosis is based on orange pigment, subretinal fluid, thickness over 2mm, and growth over time. Management involves radiotherapy, phototherapy, or surgery depending on tumor size and location. Prognosis is poorer with larger tumor size, anterior location, extrascleral extension, older age, and genetic factors like monosomy 3.
Bcc & s cc
Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the two most common types of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common human cancer, making up 25% of all cancers. It rarely metastasizes but can cause extensive damage locally. Risk factors include sun exposure, lighter skin, older age, immunosuppression, and genetic conditions. Treatment options include curettage and electrodesiccation, surgical excision with margin assessment, Mohs surgery, radiation therapy, and topical therapies like imiquimod for superficial lesions. Mohs surgery achieves the highest cure rates of over 99% for basal cell carcinoma.
Neoplasia
Neoplasia
Overview
Characteristics of neoplasms compared to normal tissues
Types of neoplasms
Benign vs malignant
Cellular differentiation
Genetic basis for neoplasia
What is a “neoplasm”?
Lay term of “tumor” conveys usual connotations – ie a new growth or mass
Definition revolves around these features:
Monoclonal proliferation of cells with specific mutations
Excessive and unregulated growth of these cells, often at the expense of surrounding normal tissue
Terms to know about when discussing neoplasia
Metastasis - spread of a malignant tumor from one site to another via blood or lymph
Benign – typically refers to those tumors incapable of metastasis and having a good clinical outcome (prognosis)
Malignant – those tumors capable of invasive growth and/or metastasis, often fatal if not treated effectively
Parenchyma – these are the tumor cells themselves, usually referring to epithelial cells in organs.
Stroma – connective tissue cells that support the parenchymal cells – not actually tumor cells, but are stimulated to grow by the tumor via growth factors, eg angiogenesis
Cellular differentiation
Tumors are often “graded” as to how closely they resemble the normal parent tissue that they are derived from.
Well-differentiated means the cells are very similar in appearance and architectural arrangement to normal tissue of that organ
Differentiation
“Poorly-differentiated” refers to tumors that show only minimal resemblance to the normal parent tissue they are derived from.
“Anaplastic” means the tumor shows no obvious similarity to it’s parent tissue, usually associated with aggressive behavior
So what??????
Differentiation often provides clues as to the clinical aggressiveness of the tumor
Tumors often lose differentiation features over time as they become more “malignant” and as they acquire more cumulative genetic mutations
Differentiation often predicts responsiveness to certain therapies, eg estrogen receptors and Tamoxifen in breast cancers
Benign
– circumscribed, often encapsulated, pushes normal tissue aside
Malignant
– infiltrative growth, no capsule, destructive of normal tissues
Classification of neoplasms
Epithelial tumors
Benign forms – adenoma , papilloma
Malignant forms – carcinoma, eg adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma
Mesenchymal tumors
Benign forms – fibroma, leiomyoma,
Malignant forms – sarcoma, eg fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma
Classification continued
Tumors of lymphocytes are always malignant – called lymphoma
Tumors of melanocytes
Benign – nevus
Malignant - melanoma
Precursors of neoplasia
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Chronic inflammation
dysplasia
Metaplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia
Locally malignant tumor
A locally malignant tumor is a malignant tumor that only spreads locally through direct infiltration and does not metastasize to distant sites. Basal cell carcinoma is an example of a locally malignant tumor that arises from basal cells in the skin. It grows slowly, rarely spreads beyond local tissues, and is not likely to cause death unless untreated, where it can erode into surrounding structures. While classified as malignant, basal cell carcinoma only spreads locally and rarely metastasizes due to its slow growth rate and tendency to remain confined to the site of origin.
Neoplasia by Dr. Aryan
Neoplasia i.e tumor has major two categories viz, benign and malignant. We will discuss about their difference and spread in normal human body.
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a low-grade malignant tumor most common in young women. It is characterized by mutations in the CTNNB1 gene in 90-100% of cases. Clinically, it presents as an indolent, well-circumscribed solid and cystic mass distributed throughout the pancreas. Microscopically, it displays monomorphic sheets and pseudopapillary structures with degenerative changes and perineural/vascular invasion is rare. Immunohistochemistry is positive for beta-catenin, CD10, CD56 and other markers. Prognosis is generally excellent even with rare metastases.
Follicular thyroid differential diagnosis
Follicular ca thyroid might present as various presentation so differntail diagnosis are many and thus dificult to diagnose
Choroidal melanoma
Choroidal melanoma is a rare type of eye cancer that affects the choroid layer of the eye. It is most common in light-eyed individuals over the age of 50. The exact cause is unknown but genetic factors likely play a role. Clinically, it presents as an orange or dark pigmented tumor arising from the choroid that may cause visual symptoms or retinal detachment. Investigations like ultrasound and MRI are used to determine the size, thickness and location of the tumor. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the tumor but may include enucleation, radiation therapy, thermotherapy or cryotherapy. Prognosis depends on the size and whether the cancer has metastasized, with larger tumors carrying a
Small round cell tumors
Small round cell tumors are a group of highly aggressive cancers composed of small, undifferentiated cells. The diagnostic approach involves clinical findings, imaging, pathology, and molecular genetics testing. Key small round cell tumors in pediatric patients include Ewing sarcoma, neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma, and lymphoblastic lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry and genetic testing are used to determine the specific tumor type to help guide treatment.
Diagnostic challenges in uterine mesenchymal tumors
diagnostic pitfalls in uterine tumors of mesenchymal origin and how to differentiate between them with the aid of IHCs and molecular studies
Small round cell_tumor_DR NARMADA
The document discusses several pediatric neoplasms that appear as small round blue cell tumors due to their primitive histological features. These include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma, and lymphoma. For each tumor, the document outlines characteristics such as common age of diagnosis, clinical features, histopathological appearance under the microscope, immunohistochemistry profiles, genetics where relevant, and important prognostic factors. Differential diagnosis of these small round blue cell tumors in children is provided for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
NEOPLASIA 2
This document discusses the characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms. It describes how malignant tumors are less differentiated, grow faster, are more locally invasive, and can metastasize to other parts of the body compared to benign tumors. The document also discusses epidemiological factors that affect cancer incidence such as geographic location, age, heredity, and preexisting conditions. Common cancer types and causes of cancer death worldwide are also presented.
SYNOVIAL CELL SARCOMA DR NARMADA
This document discusses synovial sarcoma, a rare soft tissue tumor. Key points:
- It typically occurs near joints in young adults and has a slight male predominance.
- Though called "synovial sarcoma", the cells it develops from are unknown and it has no relationship to normal synovium tissue.
- Diagnosis involves identifying the characteristic translocation between chromosomes 18 and X via cytogenetic testing.
- Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the tumor along with radiation and chemotherapy, but prognosis depends on factors like size, margins, and metastasis.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Undifferntiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), became Undifferntiated pleomorphic sarcoma UPS after 2002 WHO classification of tumors
Neoplasms of thyroid gland
This document discusses the main types of thyroid carcinomas: papillary carcinoma (85% of cases), follicular carcinoma (5-15% of cases), medullary carcinomas (5% of cases), and anaplastic carcinomas (<5% of cases). Papillary and follicular carcinomas are well-differentiated and derived from thyroid follicular epithelium, while medullary carcinomas are derived from parafollicular C cells. Papillary carcinoma is the most common type and can occur at any age but most often between 25-50 years old. Follicular carcinoma is more common in women and presents at an older age than papillary. Medullary carcinoma secretes calcitonin and is
What's hot (18)
Diagnostic challenges in uterine mesenchymal tumors
Diagnostic challenges in uterine mesenchymal tumors
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Undifferntiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Undifferntiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Similar to Lid Malignancies
05 malignant eyelid tumours
This document summarizes different types of malignant eyelid tumors including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, meibomian gland carcinoma, melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. It describes characteristics such as appearance, location, histology, and treatment options for each type of tumor. The most common is basal cell carcinoma, which typically affects the elderly on the head and neck region, grows slowly, and has a low risk of metastasis. Surgical excision is the primary treatment but other options include cryotherapy and radiotherapy. Reconstruction of the eyelid may require various flap procedures depending on the size of the defect.
Ovarian neoplasm
This document provides an overview of ovarian neoplasms, discussing their classification, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and other characteristics. The major groups include surface epithelial tumors, sex cord-stromal tumors, germ cell tumors, and metastatic tumors. Surface epithelial tumors include serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, seromucinous, and Brenner tumors. Sex cord-stromal tumors comprise granulosa cell tumor, thecoma, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, and steroid cell tumor. Germ cell tumors are dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, teratoma. Risk factors, tumor markers, gross
salivary gland3.ppt
The aspirate is suspicious for malignancy based on the following:
1) The aspirate contains basaloid cells with scant clear cytoplasm and dark angulated nuclei suggestive of adenoid cystic carcinoma.
2) Uniform clusters of tumor cells are seen along with hyaline spherical globules adhered to tumor cells.
3) The aspirate has a high risk (70-80%) of being malignant and would require radical resection given the suspicious cytology.
Tissue Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors
This document discusses various tumors of the salivary glands. It begins by describing the major salivary glands and then covers topics such as pleomorphic adenoma, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Key points are that pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor of the major salivary glands, adenoid cystic carcinoma is most common in the minor salivary glands, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor overall.
Squamous cell carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma, Sebaceous gland carcinoma
This document discusses three types of eyelid cancers: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC). BCC is the most common eyelid tumor, arising from the basal layer of the epidermis. Though locally invasive, it does not metastasize. SCC arises from the squamous layer and can spread regionally to lymph nodes. SGC arises from sebaceous or meibomian glands and is highly malignant, able to spread to lymph nodes and perineurally to the brain. The document provides details on the epidemiology, classification, histology, and identification of each cancer type.
Histopathological dignosis of carcinoma of breast
This document discusses the pathogenesis, histopathology, diagnosis, and prognosis of breast carcinoma. It notes that breast cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in women. The major risk factors include hormone exposure, age of menarche/menopause, and family history/genetic factors. Biopsy procedures are used for diagnosis. There are different histological subtypes with varying characteristics, biomarkers, and clinical behaviors. Prognostic factors include tumor size and stage, lymph node involvement, and molecular subtype. Recent advances include identifying intrinsic subtypes and cancer stem cells.
Basics of bladder tumors
This document discusses bladder tumors, including:
1. Urothelial (transitional cell) carcinomas are the most common type and can be papillary or flat. Low grade tumors have mild dysplasia while high grade tumors are poorly differentiated.
2. Other tumor types include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and sarcomas. Immunohistochemistry helps distinguish tumor types.
3. Tumors are staged based on depth of invasion from non-invasive papillary tumors to muscle invasive or locally advanced cancers. Treatment depends on grade and stage.
Recent advances in colorectal carcinoma
Recent advances in colorectal carcinoma,Serrated adenoma,Microsatellite instable -High (MSI-H) tumors,CIMP,
APC gene, MMR gene,CpG island Hypermethylation
Carcinoma breast clinical pathology dr mnr
This document discusses a case of invasive cribriform carcinoma in a 63-year-old female patient. Key details include a lump found in the patient's left breast, enlarged lymph nodes found, and biopsy results showing invasive cribriform carcinoma. The document then provides information on cribriform carcinoma, including epidemiology, clinical features, microscopy, hormone receptor status, staging, prognosis, and molecular classification. Cribriform carcinoma has a generally favorable prognosis and is classified as a luminal A subtype.
Presentation dr rahul seminar (2)[1387]
This document discusses the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in evaluating salivary gland neoplasms. It begins with an introduction noting that salivary gland FNAs present challenges due to the wide range of possible lesions. It then covers normal salivary gland morphology, indications and contraindications for FNAC, advantages, technical considerations, complications, and classification of salivary gland lesions according to the WHO. Specific benign and malignant lesions are discussed in detail, including characteristics on cytology and differential diagnoses. Imaging is also shown demonstrating features of various lesions. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of utilizing FNAC to evaluate salivary gland masses.
Colorectal carcinoma
Lecture on colorectal carcinoma for medical students. Encompasses basic sciences, classifications, staging and principles of management. The author holds a special interest in this topic.
Classification and diagnostic approach to fnac of mediastinal
This document discusses the classification and diagnostic approach to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of mediastinal tumors. It describes the various tumor types that can occur in the mediastinum, including thymic tumors, germ cell tumors, lymphomas, and others. For each tumor type, it provides details on cytological features, differential diagnoses, immunohistochemistry findings, and other diagnostic information useful for FNAC-based diagnosis of mediastinal masses. The goal is to simplify the classification and provide guidance on distinguishing between benign and malignant mediastinal tumors using cytology samples.
Ovarian tumors
Digiscan provides whole total solution from the preparation of virtual / digital slides / whole slide images to the application of technology in medical teaching and medical presentations. Digiscan uses highly user friendly software and gives full technical support to the users. Digiscan is also a leading company in tele-pathology / digital pathology consultation over the internet. At the core of this whole operation is a high precision virtual microscope which has the capacity to produce 150-200 high quality images in a day. Digiscan provides the services of scanning the slides and hosting the images on the server for Digital Pathology for many clients.
CLASSIFICATION OF LUNG TUMORS
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Histologically, NSCLC is divided into adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (see the image below), and large cell carcinoma. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), previously known as oat cell carcinoma, is considered distinct from other lung cancers, which are called non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) because of their clinical and biologic characteristics.
Malignancies 2013
The document reviews ocular malignancies of the eyelids, cornea, conjunctiva, and iris. It discusses the most common eyelid tumors including basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, sebaceous cell carcinomas, and melanomas. It also reviews conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva, and less common conjunctival neoplasms. Finally, it discusses tumors of the iris including nevi, melanomas, and other benign and malignant lesions.
Pathology of oral cancer
The document discusses pathology of oral cancer, including histological features and classifications. It notes that over 90% of oral cancers are squamous cell carcinoma, which can be well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Other variants include verrucous, basaloid, and sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma. Prognostic factors discussed include tumor size and extent, lymph node involvement, histologic grade, and the presence of perineural or vascular invasion. Accurate classification of histologic type and grade is important for determining prognosis and treatment for oral cancers.
Fwd: Skin Cancer (Cormac Joyce)
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: UCD Graduate '09 None <ucdgrad09@gmail.com>
Date: 2009/2/25
Subject: Skin Cancer (Cormac Joyce)
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
Salivary gland tumors
This document provides information on tumors of the salivary glands. It discusses the anatomy and histology of salivary glands, classification of salivary gland tumors, and specifics on certain tumor types including pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumor, characterized by epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. Warthin's tumor commonly occurs bilaterally in the parotid glands of older smoking males. The document covers epidemiology, etiology, histogenesis, clinical features, investigation, pathology and treatment of various salivary gland tumors.
Ovarian tumors Lecture notes for MBBS.pptx
Introduction to ovarian tumors, Epidemiology, Classification of ovarian tumor, Pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian tumors, Serous tumors of the ovaries, definition, pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology, Mucinous tumors of ovaries, definition, pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology, Teratoma of the ovaries,definition, pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology, Dysgerminma,definition, pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology
Similar to Lid Malignancies (20)
Squamous cell carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma, Sebaceous gland carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma, Sebaceous gland carcinoma
Classification and diagnostic approach to fnac of mediastinal
Classification and diagnostic approach to fnac of mediastinal
Recently uploaded
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaHindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Recently uploaded (20)
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Lid Malignancies
- 2. Introduction
- 4. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
- 6. Frequency of location of basal cell carcinoma Lower lid - 70% Medial canthus - 15% Upper lid - 10% Lateral canthus - 5%
- 10. Histology of basal cell carcinoma Downgrowth from epidermis of small, dark atypical basal cells Peripheral palisading Cell nests in fibrous stroma
- 18. Prominent nuclei and abundant acidophilic cytoplasm Variable sized groups of atypical epithelial cells within dermis Histology of squamous cell carcinoma Keratin ‘pearl’( well defined tumors)
- 20. Keratoacanthoma
- 30. Histology of meibomian gland carcinoma Lobules of cells with pale foamy vacuolated lipid-containing cytoplasm and large hyperchromatic nuclei
- 32. Melanoma
- 43. Kaposi sarcoma AdvancedEarly Pink, red-violet lesion • Vascular tumour occurring in patients with AIDS • Usually associated with advanced disease • Very sensitive to radiotherapy May ulcerate and bleed
- 47. Treatment Options • Cryotherapy • Radiotherapy Small BCC not involving medial canthus • Surgical excision Method of choice Small and superficial BCC irrespective of location Adjunct to surgery in selected cases Kaposi sarcoma
- 52. :
- 53. • -
- 59. Thank you