This document provides an analysis of the success of UNMIL, the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Liberia. It first gives background information on Liberia and the civil conflicts from 1989-2003. It then outlines UNMIL's mandate to support peace processes, security sector reform, and the protection of civilians. Statistics are provided on UNMIL's current forces, fatalities, and country contributors. Recommendations are made to improve UNMIL's monitoring, transportation, and communication capabilities.

1. AN ANALYSIS ON THE
SUCCESS OF UNMIL
Presented by
MAJ. GONZALEZ JUAN
CAP. MUÑOZ VICTOR

2. Sequence of Presentation
 General Information about
Liberia.
 Background of the conflict.
 UNMIL Leadership
 Mandate of UNMIL.
 Fact and figures
 Country contributors
 Conclusion and
Recommendations.

3. General Information about Liberia
Geo Sitn:
Area: 1,11,369 Sq km
Capital: Monrovia
Population: 41,28,572 (2013 estimate)

4. General Information about
 Govt: Presidential Constitutional Republic
 Official languages: English
 President: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.
 Climate: Hot and Equatorial
 Ethnic Groups: 16 ( mainly Keplle 20.3%, Bassa
13.4%, Grebo 10% etc.)
 GDP: 297 US $
Liberia

5. Background of the conflict
1989-1997
 Civil war in Liberia claimed the lives of almost
150,000 people—mostly civilians—and led to a
complete breakdown of law and order.
 It displaced scores of people, both internally and
beyond the borders, resulting in some 850,000
refugees in the neighbouring countries.

6. Background of the conflict
1989-1997
 Confrontations between government forces and an
opposition group, the National Patriotic Front of
Liberia (NPFL), led by a former government official,
Mr. Charles Taylor.
 Community of West African States (ECOWAS),
undertook various initiatives aimed at a peaceful
settlement. The United Nations supported ECOWAS
in its efforts to end a civil war

7. Background of the conflict
1989-1997
 Confrontations between government forces and an
opposition group, the National Patriotic Front of
Liberia (NPFL), led by a former government official,
Mr. Charles Taylor.
 In 1993, the Security Council established the United
Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL). Its
task was to support ECOMOG in implementing the
Cotonou.

8. Background of the conflict
1997-2003
 In November 1997, following the completion
of UNOMIL’s mandate on 30 September, the United
Nations established the United Nations Peace-building
Support Office in Liberia (UNOL)

9. Background of the conflict
1997-2003
 With the full support of the Security
Council, UNOL facilitated the promotion of national
reconciliation and good governance and helped
mobilize international support for the implementation
of reconstruction and development programmes. In
the most recent period, UNOL worked to fulfil the
terms of a revised mandate, approved by the Security
Council on 23 April 2003.

10. Background of the conflict
1997-2003
 On 8 July 2003, as fighting between Government forces
and various warring factions intensified and humanitarian
tragedy threatened, the Secretary-General decided to
appoint Jacques Paul Klein of the United States his
Special Representative for Liberia [S/2003/695]
 The parties requested the United Nations to deploy a
force to Liberia under Chapter VII of the Charter of the
United Nations to support the National Transitional
Government of Liberia and assist in the implementation of
the Agreement. With the subsequent deployment of
the ECOWAS Mission in Liberia, the security situation in
the country improved.

11. Background of the conflict
UNMIL established
1997-2003
 On 19 September, the Security Council unanimously
adopted resolution 1509 (2003) welcoming the Secretary-
General’s report of 11 September 2003 and its
recommendations.
 The Secretary-General expressed confidence that UNMIL
would be able to contribute in a major way towards the
resolution of conflict in Liberia, provided all parties
concerned cooperate fully with the force and the
international community provides the necessary resources.

12. Mandate of UNMIL
 Support for Implementation of the Ceasefire
Agreement
 Protection of United Nations Staff, Facilities and
Civilians
 Support for Humanitarian and Human Rights
Assistance.
 Support for Security Reform
 Support for Implementation of the Peace Process
 To apprehend and detain former President Charles
Taylor (Nov 2005 by SC resolution 1638)

13. Security Situation
O OVERALL ASSESSMENTcondicion general: Calm and
peaceful, but fragile and unpredictable.
O Security Agency Effectiveness:
O Observing an increase in joint comunes, inter-agency
patrols targeting dirigidas a border villages pueblos
fronterizos
O Crime and illegal activity:
O Observing infrequent misdemeanors and few felonies in
close proximity
O Civil stability:
O Stable, but fragile

14. UNMIL Leadership
KARIN
LANDGREN
ANTONIO
VIGILANTE
TAMRAT
SAMUEL
MAJ. GNR.
LEONARD
MURIUKI
GREG.
HINDS

15. FACT AND FIGURES
The mission was initially authorized from 19
September 2003 13 July 2005
The mission has:
O 15,000 military personnel
O 250 military observers
O 160 staff officers
O and 1,115 police officers

16. FACT AND FIGURES
O Currently authorized
O On 17 September 2012, the Security Council
decided to decrease UNMIL’s military strength by
about 4,200 personnel, in three phases between
August 2012 and July 2015.
O At the same time, the Council decided to increase
the number of UNMIL’s authorized formed police
units by some 420 personnel.

17. FACT AND FIGURES
O Current (to 30 June 2014)
O 7,651 total uniformed personnel
O 4,474 troops
O 128 military observers
O 1,570 police (including formed units)
O 398 international civilian personnel
O Fatalities
O 129 troops
O 19 police
O 1 military observer
O 9 international civilians
O 25 local civilians
183 total

18. Country Contributors
O Military personnel are from all continents
O For example Bangladesh, Bolivia, Bulgaria, China,
Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Russian
Federation, Republic of Korea, United States,
etcetera.
O Police personnel are from
O Argentina, Bangladesh, China, Egypt, El Salvador,
Fiji, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, India, Jordan,
Kenya, etcetera.

19. RECOMMENDATIONS
O Road maintenance teams
O Reconstruction of key roads due to excessive
degradation and possible impassable conditions
during rainy season
O Ready forces in key areas to assist to maintain
vital roads
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20. RECOMMENDATIONS
O Consider river (waterborne) patrols
O Excessive terrain conditions and inability to
monitor security situation from air patrols can
deliver more promising results
O Cameras to UNMO Teams
O A critical requirement to properly photograph areas
of interest to accurately determine security
situation.
20

21. RECOMMENDATIONS
O Resolve Inter-mission communication problems
O To assure all UN vehicles equipped with HF
Radio suites have matching channel-frequency
programmed
O Consider programming all UN vehicles equipped
with VHF Radio suites with same frequency
assignment and encryption
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22. O Thank
you for
your
attention