This document provides an introduction to liberalism and the liberal internationalism and democratic peace propositions. It outlines some of the key authors and thinkers in liberalism like Kant, Rousseau, Fukuyama and others. It discusses the liberal preconditions for peace, including democracy, free trade, and collective security. It also examines the democratic peace proposition that democracies are less likely to go to war with each other. Finally, it briefly discusses the new international arena and liberalism's role in promoting peace through interdependence today.

1. LIBERALISM
Introduction to Liberal Internationalism and Democratic Peace Proposition
International Relations
14 October 2010
Nice ­ FRANCE
Yasmin Capitaine
Emilio Romero García

2. Liberalism
 Dichotomy in class: realism and liberalism
 Authors
 Main points:
 Liberal internationalism
 Democratic peace proposition
 Discussion: for or against?
 Conclusions

3. Dichotomy: liberalism
 Definition of realism: practical appliance
 Definition of realism: practical appliance
 Definition of liberalism: follow the utopia
 Is it better to follow ideals?

4. Authors
 Fukuyama  Paine
 Doyle  Russett
 Kant  Rawls
 Rousseau  Mueller
 Cobden  Ricardo
 Schumpeter  Mill
 Howard  Angell

5. Liberal internationalism
Origins
 XVIII and XIX: ”Liberals proposing
preconditions for a peaceful world order (…) for
the elimination of war.” (in the class copies)

6. Liberal preconditions
 Democracy
 Free trade
 Collective security

7. Liberal preconditions
 DEMOCRACY
 War is not of human nature
 Warrior class invented war
 Ideals like individual rights, freedom of speech,
liberty... conform the liberal state
 Snowball effect of liberal states

8. Liberal preconditions
 FREE TRADE
 Trade creates necessities, that join all actors in
the (international) transactions
 Without commerce societies miss the facilities
obtained
 Trade promotes peace

9. Liberal preconditions
 COLLECTIVE SECURITY
 Requieres a degree of mutual confidence

10. Liberalism
 Further in this chapter...
The economic dimension
Polanyi's critique: material self­gain, laissez­faire, economics split from politics*
Free trade imperialism: another way to exploit
Liberalism and Globalisation
New phase of capitalism or a world less open and globalised?
The nature of free trade
Sovereignty and foreign investment

11. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
 Let's assume democracies rarely make war
 Dyads of democracies ­ Individual states
 ...criticised by Small and Singer
 Process of democratization
 Conflict in the short term and peace in the long term

12. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
 Theories of the Dyadic Democratic Peace
 Cultural explanations
 Explanation by structure
 Two levels of decision making: National and international
(Bueno de Mesquita and Lalman, 1992)
...possible only with transparency
 Historical satisfaction with international status quo

13. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
 Elaborations of the DPP:
 Democracies join democracies (Mousseau)
 Autocracies do with autocracies (Werner and
Lemke)
 Covert intervention: Nicaragua
 Democracies are more likely to settle disputes
peacefully and less likely to initiate them

14. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
 Why do Democracies win the wars they fight?
 Because of the citizens' participation in the
democratic process (Russet, 1993)
 Because they choose only wars they are likely to
win (Reiter and Stam, 1998)
 The longer it lasts, the less likely they are to triumph

15. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
 Are Democracies more likely to use force for
domestic political advantage?
 No evidence to support this

16. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
 Civil wars do not arise so often in Democracies

17. Liberalism
NOW, CURRENTLY

18. Liberalism
New international arena
 Democracies are more peaceful because it
would be at the expense of those who would
fight it (Kant, Perpetual Peace)
 European states are interdependent – war isn't
of economic interest (Angell, The Great Illusion)

19. Liberalism
New international arena
 According to Liberalism statements, trade units
countries.
 Some institutions promoting free trade are:
 International Monetary Fund
 World Trade Organisation (3 official languages, FR, EN,
ES)
 United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (6
official languages, FR, EN, ES, Russian, Arabic and
Chinese)

20. Liberalism
New international arena
List of main international banking institutions
European Central Bank www.ecb.eu
African Development Bank www.afdb.org
Asian Development Bank www.adb.org
Bank for International Settlements www.bis.org
Bank of World Residence Program www.bwrp.org
Caribbean Development Bank www.caribank.org
Islamic Development Bank www.isdb.org
World Bank www.worldbankgroup.org

21. Liberalism
New international arena
 For security issues, NATO has an important
role in maintaining and promoting peace
 Countries outside NATO are starting up new
military organisations
 Asia Pacific Forum plays a role for Human Rights
Promotion
 Asian Pacific ”NATO” is being discussed

22. Liberalism
New international arena
 Russia and China (Brazil and India also) should
be incorporated into intergovernmental
organisations that create interdependence
 The process of incorporation is currently taking place
 The interdependence will bring about peace

23. Liberalism
New international arena
Moral imperative: there is a dictate of reason
Not following the moral law is self defeating and
thus contrary to reason.
Immanuel Kant