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Ataturk Alatoo University, IR 3b Lecturer: Ibrahim Koncak Done by: Chyarai Toichubekkyzy Bishkek 2016
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03 the main theories in international relations
The document provides an overview of the key theories in International Relations: liberal internationalism, realism, and Marxism. It discusses the origins and assumptions of each theory. Liberal internationalism developed after WWI to explain the causes of the war and promote international cooperation and democracy. However, its failure to prevent WWII led to the rise of realist theories emphasizing state power and self-interest. Realism views the international system as anarchic and states as primarily concerned with survival. Major variants include classical, structural, and offensive realism. Marxist theories examine international politics through the lens of class conflict and economic exploitation between states.
Approaches to IR
This document outlines three major approaches to studying international relations: traditional approaches of diplomatic history and philosophy, behavioralism, and alternative critical approaches. It discusses the contributions of several philosophers to international relations theories, including Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant, and how they addressed concepts like the state of nature, social contracts, and ideas for world order. Behavioralism proposes that individuals act in patterned ways that can be empirically tested. Critical approaches like postmodernism and feminism believe there are multiple realities and deconstruct major IR concepts.
Realism Theory of IR
Realism is the most dominant school of thought in international relations. It views states as unitary, rational actors concerned with military security above all else. Realists believe human nature is selfish and states are inherently aggressive or obsessed with security. Key realist theorists include Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes, E.H. Carr, and Hans Morgenthau. Realism values maintaining the status quo and is criticized for ignoring non-state actors and other forces like ethics.
International relations part 1
International relations theories aim to explain global politics and relations between states. Realism is a prominent theory that views states as rational actors competing for power in an anarchic international system. According to realism, states pursue power to ensure their own security in the absence of a higher authority. The 1648 Treaty of Westphalia established the modern system of sovereign states interacting within this anarchic structure. Realism posits that states will continue seeking to maximize their share of power to survive within this self-help system.
Realism
This document provides biographical information on several political philosophers and theorists including Niccolo Machiavelli, Carl von Clausewitz, Hans Morgenthau, and Thomas Hobbes. It outlines their key works and contributions to the development of political realism as a theory of international relations. Machiavelli is described as the "father of modern political theory" while Clausewitz introduced important concepts in his work On War. Morgenthau helped define the principles of political realism and Hobbes wrote Leviathan, which established fundamentals of liberal political thought.
Theory of international politics
Kenneth Waltz examines theories of international politics and approaches to construct a theory. He discusses reductionist theories that explain outcomes through internal forces and systemic approaches that emphasize how the international system structure shapes state behavior and outcomes. Waltz defines political structures as the arrangement of units within a system and how anarchy and the distribution of capabilities form the international system structure. States act to ensure their survival within the anarchic system.
international relation
(1) Realism has three key principles: statism, survival, and self-help. Statism focuses on the state as the main actor with sovereignty. Survival examines whether power is an end in itself or for security. Self-help means states operate in an anarchic system without higher authority.
(2) Realism comes in three forms: classical, structural, and contemporary. Classical realism sees states as self-serving, while structural realism examines how the international system creates a struggle for power. Contemporary realism incorporates domestic factors into states' behavior.
(3) Criticisms of realism question what it means for states to seek power and whether power is a means or end. It is also
Liberalism - IEHEI students 2010-2011
This document provides an introduction to liberalism and the liberal internationalism and democratic peace propositions. It outlines some of the key authors and thinkers in liberalism like Kant, Rousseau, Fukuyama and others. It discusses the liberal preconditions for peace, including democracy, free trade, and collective security. It also examines the democratic peace proposition that democracies are less likely to go to war with each other. Finally, it briefly discusses the new international arena and liberalism's role in promoting peace through interdependence today.
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03 the main theories in international relations
The document provides an overview of the key theories in International Relations: liberal internationalism, realism, and Marxism. It discusses the origins and assumptions of each theory. Liberal internationalism developed after WWI to explain the causes of the war and promote international cooperation and democracy. However, its failure to prevent WWII led to the rise of realist theories emphasizing state power and self-interest. Realism views the international system as anarchic and states as primarily concerned with survival. Major variants include classical, structural, and offensive realism. Marxist theories examine international politics through the lens of class conflict and economic exploitation between states.
Approaches to IR
This document outlines three major approaches to studying international relations: traditional approaches of diplomatic history and philosophy, behavioralism, and alternative critical approaches. It discusses the contributions of several philosophers to international relations theories, including Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant, and how they addressed concepts like the state of nature, social contracts, and ideas for world order. Behavioralism proposes that individuals act in patterned ways that can be empirically tested. Critical approaches like postmodernism and feminism believe there are multiple realities and deconstruct major IR concepts.
Realism Theory of IR
Realism is the most dominant school of thought in international relations. It views states as unitary, rational actors concerned with military security above all else. Realists believe human nature is selfish and states are inherently aggressive or obsessed with security. Key realist theorists include Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes, E.H. Carr, and Hans Morgenthau. Realism values maintaining the status quo and is criticized for ignoring non-state actors and other forces like ethics.
International relations part 1
International relations theories aim to explain global politics and relations between states. Realism is a prominent theory that views states as rational actors competing for power in an anarchic international system. According to realism, states pursue power to ensure their own security in the absence of a higher authority. The 1648 Treaty of Westphalia established the modern system of sovereign states interacting within this anarchic structure. Realism posits that states will continue seeking to maximize their share of power to survive within this self-help system.
Realism
This document provides biographical information on several political philosophers and theorists including Niccolo Machiavelli, Carl von Clausewitz, Hans Morgenthau, and Thomas Hobbes. It outlines their key works and contributions to the development of political realism as a theory of international relations. Machiavelli is described as the "father of modern political theory" while Clausewitz introduced important concepts in his work On War. Morgenthau helped define the principles of political realism and Hobbes wrote Leviathan, which established fundamentals of liberal political thought.
Theory of international politics
Kenneth Waltz examines theories of international politics and approaches to construct a theory. He discusses reductionist theories that explain outcomes through internal forces and systemic approaches that emphasize how the international system structure shapes state behavior and outcomes. Waltz defines political structures as the arrangement of units within a system and how anarchy and the distribution of capabilities form the international system structure. States act to ensure their survival within the anarchic system.
international relation
(1) Realism has three key principles: statism, survival, and self-help. Statism focuses on the state as the main actor with sovereignty. Survival examines whether power is an end in itself or for security. Self-help means states operate in an anarchic system without higher authority.
(2) Realism comes in three forms: classical, structural, and contemporary. Classical realism sees states as self-serving, while structural realism examines how the international system creates a struggle for power. Contemporary realism incorporates domestic factors into states' behavior.
(3) Criticisms of realism question what it means for states to seek power and whether power is a means or end. It is also
Liberalism - IEHEI students 2010-2011
This document provides an introduction to liberalism and the liberal internationalism and democratic peace propositions. It outlines some of the key authors and thinkers in liberalism like Kant, Rousseau, Fukuyama and others. It discusses the liberal preconditions for peace, including democracy, free trade, and collective security. It also examines the democratic peace proposition that democracies are less likely to go to war with each other. Finally, it briefly discusses the new international arena and liberalism's role in promoting peace through interdependence today.
TheoriesofInternationalRelations
Realism, liberalism, and constructivism are three major theories of international relations discussed in the document. Realism sees states as rational actors in an anarchic system focused on survival and power. Liberalism also views the system as anarchic but emphasizes cooperation between states that share economic and political interests. Constructivism examines how ideas, norms, and identities shape state interests and behavior, going beyond realism's focus on material factors and liberalism's lack of attention to humanity. The document aims to compare and contrast the three theories while acknowledging their interconnections and differences in explaining international politics.
Liberalism
Liberalism emphasizes the multiplicity of international actors like states, international organizations, and transnational groups. Liberals see states as important actors but not the only ones, and prefer the term "world politics" over "international relations". They view states as battlegrounds for domestic and transnational interests rather than unitary, rational actors. Global civil society refers to voluntary organizations, women's groups, human rights organizations, environmental activists, and chambers of commerce. Liberals believe international cooperation is possible between states and other actors through decisive actions by both state and nonstate groups.
Theories of International Relations
This document provides an overview of various theories of international relations from classical authors like Thucydides and Macchiavelli to modern theories like realism, idealism, and integration/interdependence. It discusses key thinkers and works in each era from the rise of the nation-state system to modern debates around polarity, regimes, political economy, and constructivism. The document concludes by noting the field has evolved in a more faddish way compared to other disciplines, with an increasing gap between scholars focused only on military issues versus a broader range of phenomena.
3 Approaches in International Relations
This document discusses three approaches to understanding international relations: realism, idealism, and radicalism. Realism views international politics as a struggle for power between nation-states based on self-interest. Idealism believes cooperation between nation-states and international organizations can promote peace and harmony. Radicalism sees international relations as being defined by conflicts between dominant social classes and nation-states on a global scale. No single approach can perfectly explain the complexity of world politics, and different aspects of each may apply depending on the issue and context.
Realism ppt
Realism is a theory of international relations based on the assumption that states act in their own self-interest and pursue power above all else. Key realist scholars include Thucydides, Hobbes, and Morgenthau. Realism sees world politics as an anarchic struggle for power between self-interested states. It assumes human nature is imperfect and states will do what is necessary to achieve their interests and security. There are different types of realism that focus on factors like human nature, the absence of global governance, and domestic variables that influence foreign policy. Core concepts of realism include self-help, relative gains, national interest, security dilemmas, and balance of power.
International relations part 2
This document provides an overview of Marxist theories and concepts in international relations. It discusses key aspects of Marxism like historical materialism, division of labor, and world-systems theory. Dependency theory is explained as focusing on the redistribution of resources from poor peripheral countries to wealthy core countries, creating dependency. The document also references several important Marxist theorists and their works, such as Karl Marx, Paul Baran, Paul Sweezy, Andre Gunder Frank, and Immanuel Wallerstein.
Theories of International Relations essay
This document discusses and compares classical realism and neorealism as international relations theories. It defines the key differences between the two approaches, including that classical realism views power as an end in itself driven by human nature, while neorealism sees power as a means to ensure state survival in an anarchic system. The document uses the 2003 US invasion of Iraq as a case study to illustrate how classical realism and neorealism would explain the motivation for the invasion differently, with classical realism focusing more on individual leaders and neorealism emphasizing structural factors of maintaining a balance of power. Overall, the document argues that while classical realism and neorealism share realist assumptions, there are significant
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3. Neoliberal institutionalism, developed by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, sees institutions as facilitating cooperation by coordinating policy responses, reinforcing reciprocity, and punishing defection. It emphasizes complex interdependence and transnational links between states and non-state actors.
Kenneth N. Waltz
Kenneth N. Waltz was an American political scientist who was a member of the faculty at both the University of California, Berkeley and Columbia University and one of the most prominent scholars in the field of international relations. He was a veteran of both World War II and the Korean War.
Waltz was a founder of neorealism, or structural realism, in international relations theory. Waltz's theories have been extensively debated within the field of international relations. In 1981, Waltz published a monograph arguing that in some cases the proliferation of nuclear weapons could increase the probability of international peace.
Classical realism in International Relations
Classical realism views international relations as rooted in human nature and the pursuit of power. Theorists like Thucydides saw states acting to determine others based on their relative power. Machiavelli advised rulers to be cunning and ruthless to ensure their state's survival. Hobbes believed the international system was anarchic and states were in a perpetual state of war due to the human lust for power. Morgenthau also saw the pursuit of power as the driving force behind conflicts between states. Classical realists reject moralist approaches and see national interests defined by the quest for power.
English School - IR
The English School focuses on international society rather than an international system. It believes that despite anarchy, states share norms and values that regulate relations. The English School examines realism, rationalism, and revolutionism, seeking a middle path between realism's pessimism and idealism's optimism. It argues international order is maintained through restraints on force and states respecting one another's sovereignty. The English School traces the development of international society from Europe's expansion to struggles for equal sovereignty and against forms of domination and inequality.
427 lecture realism-rev (small)
The document discusses the key assumptions and logic of the realist paradigm in international relations. It outlines 10 basic points of realism, including that anarchy exists in the international system, states are sovereign and rational actors, and security requires self-help. It focuses on explaining the structural realist perspective, particularly the assumptions of anarchy, sovereignty, and states as rational unitary actors. Anarchy is significant because in its absence of government, it creates a perpetual state of insecurity similar to a state of nature, requiring states to prioritize self-help and security.
realism and idealism
The document provides an overview of realism and idealism in international relations. [1] Realism emphasizes that nation-states are motivated by national interests and pursue power, while idealism stresses peace and cooperation between states. [2] The document outlines the key assumptions and types of realism, and discusses thinkers like Thomas Hobbes and the Peloponnesian War. [3] It also defines idealism as promoting universal ethics, peace, and limiting the use of military force between states.
Theoriesof ir
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Political Science 7 – International Relations - Power Point #4
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Realism
The document discusses several concepts from realist international relations theory including power, survival, and anarchy. It summarizes views of different theorists such as Thucydides, Machiavelli, Morgenthau, and Waltz. A key point discussed is the idea that in the international system, where there is no overarching authority, states are driven primarily by self-interest and power maximization in their relations with other states.
Realism (Part 2)
Realism is an international relations theory that focuses on power and security. It has several core assumptions including that states are the main actors, their primary concern is survival in an anarchic system, and they will use whatever means necessary to ensure their security. There are different strands of realism including classical realism which emphasizes human nature and neo-realism which focuses more on the structure of the international system. Realism is criticized for being too state-centric and for justifying amoral actions in the name of survival. Overall, realism provides a lens for understanding international politics based on power dynamics between self-interested states.
Political Science 7 – International Relations - Power Point #6
This document provides an overview of lecture material from Dr. Tabakian's Political Science 7 course on modern world governments. It covers several topics within international relations theories, including:
- Liberal institutionalism and international regimes, which focus on cooperation through international organizations.
- Collective security, which calls for states to jointly oppose aggression through alliances. However, collective security faces challenges in getting states to commit to defending each other.
- Theories of democratic peace, which argue that democracies are inherently more peaceful than authoritarian states and rarely fight each other. However, critics argue external threats may better explain the peace between democracies.
- Gender theories and feminism within international relations,
REALISM
Relations among states take place in the absence of a world government. For realists, this means that the international system is anarchical. International relations are best understood by focusing on the distribution of power among states. Despite their formal legal equality, the uneven distribution of power means that the arena of international relations is a form of ‘power politics’. Power is hard to measure; its distribution among states changes over time and there is no consensus among states about how it should be distributed. International relations is therefore a realm of necessity (states must seek power to survive in a competitive environment) and continuity over time. When realists contemplate change in the international system, they focus on changes in the balance of power among states, and tend to discount the possibility of fundamental change in the dynamics of the system itself.
The following key thinkers all subscribe to these basic assumptions in their explorations of the following questions:
(1) What are the main sources of stability and instability in the international system?
(2) What is the actual and preferred balance of power among states?
(3) How should the great powers behave toward one another and toward weaker states?
(4) What are the sources and dynamics of contemporary changes in the balance of power?
Despite some shared assumptions about the nature of international relations, realists are not all of one voice in answering these questions, and it would be wrong to believe that shared assumptions lead to similar conclusions among them. In fact, there is sharp disagreement over the relative merits of particular balances of power (unipolarity, bipolarity and multipolarity). There is also much debate over the causal relationship between states and the international pressures upon them, and the relative importance of different kinds of power in contemporary international relations.
Soft Power Training - Indra Adnan
This document provides an overview of a training workshop on soft power.
[PART 1] discusses the history of the concept of soft power, which was coined by Joseph Nye to describe a nation's ability to attract and influence others through culture and values rather than military or economic means.
[PART 2] explores understanding and developing soft power, examining the differences between hard and soft power and how to recognize and leverage soft power tools. Exercises are used to experience both hard and soft power approaches.
[PART 3] discusses how different nations demonstrate soft power and uses Japan as an example of a nation that rebuilt its image through understanding other cultures and meeting consumer desires with popular culture exports like anime, fashion and electronics
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TheoriesofInternationalRelations
Realism, liberalism, and constructivism are three major theories of international relations discussed in the document. Realism sees states as rational actors in an anarchic system focused on survival and power. Liberalism also views the system as anarchic but emphasizes cooperation between states that share economic and political interests. Constructivism examines how ideas, norms, and identities shape state interests and behavior, going beyond realism's focus on material factors and liberalism's lack of attention to humanity. The document aims to compare and contrast the three theories while acknowledging their interconnections and differences in explaining international politics.
Liberalism
Liberalism emphasizes the multiplicity of international actors like states, international organizations, and transnational groups. Liberals see states as important actors but not the only ones, and prefer the term "world politics" over "international relations". They view states as battlegrounds for domestic and transnational interests rather than unitary, rational actors. Global civil society refers to voluntary organizations, women's groups, human rights organizations, environmental activists, and chambers of commerce. Liberals believe international cooperation is possible between states and other actors through decisive actions by both state and nonstate groups.
Theories of International Relations
This document provides an overview of various theories of international relations from classical authors like Thucydides and Macchiavelli to modern theories like realism, idealism, and integration/interdependence. It discusses key thinkers and works in each era from the rise of the nation-state system to modern debates around polarity, regimes, political economy, and constructivism. The document concludes by noting the field has evolved in a more faddish way compared to other disciplines, with an increasing gap between scholars focused only on military issues versus a broader range of phenomena.
3 Approaches in International Relations
This document discusses three approaches to understanding international relations: realism, idealism, and radicalism. Realism views international politics as a struggle for power between nation-states based on self-interest. Idealism believes cooperation between nation-states and international organizations can promote peace and harmony. Radicalism sees international relations as being defined by conflicts between dominant social classes and nation-states on a global scale. No single approach can perfectly explain the complexity of world politics, and different aspects of each may apply depending on the issue and context.
Realism ppt
Realism is a theory of international relations based on the assumption that states act in their own self-interest and pursue power above all else. Key realist scholars include Thucydides, Hobbes, and Morgenthau. Realism sees world politics as an anarchic struggle for power between self-interested states. It assumes human nature is imperfect and states will do what is necessary to achieve their interests and security. There are different types of realism that focus on factors like human nature, the absence of global governance, and domestic variables that influence foreign policy. Core concepts of realism include self-help, relative gains, national interest, security dilemmas, and balance of power.
International relations part 2
This document provides an overview of Marxist theories and concepts in international relations. It discusses key aspects of Marxism like historical materialism, division of labor, and world-systems theory. Dependency theory is explained as focusing on the redistribution of resources from poor peripheral countries to wealthy core countries, creating dependency. The document also references several important Marxist theorists and their works, such as Karl Marx, Paul Baran, Paul Sweezy, Andre Gunder Frank, and Immanuel Wallerstein.
Theories of International Relations essay
This document discusses and compares classical realism and neorealism as international relations theories. It defines the key differences between the two approaches, including that classical realism views power as an end in itself driven by human nature, while neorealism sees power as a means to ensure state survival in an anarchic system. The document uses the 2003 US invasion of Iraq as a case study to illustrate how classical realism and neorealism would explain the motivation for the invasion differently, with classical realism focusing more on individual leaders and neorealism emphasizing structural factors of maintaining a balance of power. Overall, the document argues that while classical realism and neorealism share realist assumptions, there are significant
C3 - Contending Perspectives on International Politics
This document outlines five major perspectives in international relations: realism, liberalism, Marxism, feminism, and constructivism. It provides an overview of the key analytical and explanatory components, prescriptive implications, and philosophical roots of each perspective. Realism adopts a pessimistic view of human nature and inevitable conflict. Liberalism is more optimistic about human progress through trade and institutions. Marxism sees world politics defined by class divisions and conflict. Feminism emphasizes the exclusion of women and influence of gender norms. Constructivism argues state behavior is shaped by beliefs rather than objective factors. The document concludes that perspectives provide general frameworks but not specific policy directives, and different perspectives can sometimes arrive at similar answers for different
DG2 Neo-Neo Debate
1. The document discusses the key differences between neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism, also known as liberal institutionalism.
2. Neorealism, as developed by Kenneth Waltz, focuses on international structure defined by anarchy and the distribution of power among states. States are concerned with relative gains and cooperate only when it is in their security interests.
3. Neoliberal institutionalism, developed by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, sees institutions as facilitating cooperation by coordinating policy responses, reinforcing reciprocity, and punishing defection. It emphasizes complex interdependence and transnational links between states and non-state actors.
Kenneth N. Waltz
Kenneth N. Waltz was an American political scientist who was a member of the faculty at both the University of California, Berkeley and Columbia University and one of the most prominent scholars in the field of international relations. He was a veteran of both World War II and the Korean War.
Waltz was a founder of neorealism, or structural realism, in international relations theory. Waltz's theories have been extensively debated within the field of international relations. In 1981, Waltz published a monograph arguing that in some cases the proliferation of nuclear weapons could increase the probability of international peace.
Classical realism in International Relations
Classical realism views international relations as rooted in human nature and the pursuit of power. Theorists like Thucydides saw states acting to determine others based on their relative power. Machiavelli advised rulers to be cunning and ruthless to ensure their state's survival. Hobbes believed the international system was anarchic and states were in a perpetual state of war due to the human lust for power. Morgenthau also saw the pursuit of power as the driving force behind conflicts between states. Classical realists reject moralist approaches and see national interests defined by the quest for power.
English School - IR
The English School focuses on international society rather than an international system. It believes that despite anarchy, states share norms and values that regulate relations. The English School examines realism, rationalism, and revolutionism, seeking a middle path between realism's pessimism and idealism's optimism. It argues international order is maintained through restraints on force and states respecting one another's sovereignty. The English School traces the development of international society from Europe's expansion to struggles for equal sovereignty and against forms of domination and inequality.
427 lecture realism-rev (small)
The document discusses the key assumptions and logic of the realist paradigm in international relations. It outlines 10 basic points of realism, including that anarchy exists in the international system, states are sovereign and rational actors, and security requires self-help. It focuses on explaining the structural realist perspective, particularly the assumptions of anarchy, sovereignty, and states as rational unitary actors. Anarchy is significant because in its absence of government, it creates a perpetual state of insecurity similar to a state of nature, requiring states to prioritize self-help and security.
realism and idealism
The document provides an overview of realism and idealism in international relations. [1] Realism emphasizes that nation-states are motivated by national interests and pursue power, while idealism stresses peace and cooperation between states. [2] The document outlines the key assumptions and types of realism, and discusses thinkers like Thomas Hobbes and the Peloponnesian War. [3] It also defines idealism as promoting universal ethics, peace, and limiting the use of military force between states.
Theoriesof ir
The document discusses some of the hidden dangers of using Facebook based on an expert's analysis. It outlines 5 main risks: 1) personal information being shared with third parties through applications and connections; 2) privacy settings reverting to less safe defaults with site redesigns; 3) ads potentially containing malware; 4) friends unintentionally exposing personal information; and 5) profile information retention even after deleting accounts. The expert warns that Facebook's business practices sometimes compromise users' privacy for marketing goals.
Political Science 7 – International Relations - Power Point #4
Political Science 7 – International Relations - Spring 2013 - Power Point Presentation #4 - © 2013 Tabakian, Inc.
Realism
The document discusses several concepts from realist international relations theory including power, survival, and anarchy. It summarizes views of different theorists such as Thucydides, Machiavelli, Morgenthau, and Waltz. A key point discussed is the idea that in the international system, where there is no overarching authority, states are driven primarily by self-interest and power maximization in their relations with other states.
Realism (Part 2)
Realism is an international relations theory that focuses on power and security. It has several core assumptions including that states are the main actors, their primary concern is survival in an anarchic system, and they will use whatever means necessary to ensure their security. There are different strands of realism including classical realism which emphasizes human nature and neo-realism which focuses more on the structure of the international system. Realism is criticized for being too state-centric and for justifying amoral actions in the name of survival. Overall, realism provides a lens for understanding international politics based on power dynamics between self-interested states.
Political Science 7 – International Relations - Power Point #6
This document provides an overview of lecture material from Dr. Tabakian's Political Science 7 course on modern world governments. It covers several topics within international relations theories, including:
- Liberal institutionalism and international regimes, which focus on cooperation through international organizations.
- Collective security, which calls for states to jointly oppose aggression through alliances. However, collective security faces challenges in getting states to commit to defending each other.
- Theories of democratic peace, which argue that democracies are inherently more peaceful than authoritarian states and rarely fight each other. However, critics argue external threats may better explain the peace between democracies.
- Gender theories and feminism within international relations,
REALISM
Relations among states take place in the absence of a world government. For realists, this means that the international system is anarchical. International relations are best understood by focusing on the distribution of power among states. Despite their formal legal equality, the uneven distribution of power means that the arena of international relations is a form of ‘power politics’. Power is hard to measure; its distribution among states changes over time and there is no consensus among states about how it should be distributed. International relations is therefore a realm of necessity (states must seek power to survive in a competitive environment) and continuity over time. When realists contemplate change in the international system, they focus on changes in the balance of power among states, and tend to discount the possibility of fundamental change in the dynamics of the system itself.
The following key thinkers all subscribe to these basic assumptions in their explorations of the following questions:
(1) What are the main sources of stability and instability in the international system?
(2) What is the actual and preferred balance of power among states?
(3) How should the great powers behave toward one another and toward weaker states?
(4) What are the sources and dynamics of contemporary changes in the balance of power?
Despite some shared assumptions about the nature of international relations, realists are not all of one voice in answering these questions, and it would be wrong to believe that shared assumptions lead to similar conclusions among them. In fact, there is sharp disagreement over the relative merits of particular balances of power (unipolarity, bipolarity and multipolarity). There is also much debate over the causal relationship between states and the international pressures upon them, and the relative importance of different kinds of power in contemporary international relations.
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[PART 2] explores understanding and developing soft power, examining the differences between hard and soft power and how to recognize and leverage soft power tools. Exercises are used to experience both hard and soft power approaches.
[PART 3] discusses how different nations demonstrate soft power and uses Japan as an example of a nation that rebuilt its image through understanding other cultures and meeting consumer desires with popular culture exports like anime, fashion and electronics
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Political Science 7 – International Relations - Power Point #11
This document provides an overview of key topics covered in Dr. Tabakian's Political Science 7 course on modern world governments. Some of the main topics discussed include: state interdependence and how domestic politics can be impacted by foreign policy; the development of international organizations and European integration; reasons why some countries do not embrace democracy; the evolution of Wilson's 14 Points into the United Nations; how military institutions have remained strong post-Cold War; the rise of human rights as a component of foreign policy; different types of conventional and unconventional forces; evolving military technologies including terrorism; weapons of mass destruction like nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons; and the geopolitical challenges of proliferation.
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This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and discusses its key characteristics including being systematic, empirical, and objective. It also covers different types of research such as pure vs applied research, and quantitative vs qualitative approaches. Additionally, it outlines the typical steps in the research process from formulating the problem to analyzing data and reporting results. The document serves as a useful introduction to research methodology concepts.
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Ir meaning, nature and importance
From: hakim afridi <ha*******i@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, Mar 3, 2015 at 3:03 PM
Subject: ppt files of IR
To: a****hp@gmail.com
Theories of international relations
This document summarizes key concepts in international relations theory, comparing realist and liberal perspectives. It discusses concepts like anarchy, sovereignty, self-help, and the security dilemma from a realist viewpoint. Liberal concepts discussed include Kantian ideals of democracy, trade, and international institutions promoting cooperation. Realists are skeptical that institutions can significantly influence state behavior motivated by power and national interests in an anarchic system.
Formulating A Research Problem
This document is quoted from Academic Writing Skill, IFL, Cambodia. It's for students in year three not only at IFL but also other universities in Cambodia.
Lecture1. Realism and Liberalism
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formulating a research problem
This document discusses the importance of properly formulating a research problem. It outlines several key steps and considerations for selecting and defining a research problem, including:
1) Identifying a broad field of interest and narrowing it down to specific questions.
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4) Establishing operational definitions for key terms to ensure consistent understanding.
Proper problem formulation is described as the critical first step of the research process, laying the foundation for a successful study.
Theories of international relations ppt
Structural realism is a type of realism discussed in the document. The document appears to be about different types and meanings of realism as a concept. It welcomes suggestions and questions from the reader.
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The document outlines topics that will be covered in a course on global affairs and politics. It includes 14 sections that will be covered: introduction, nation states, types of governments, asking the right questions, thinking strategically about world politics, the evolution of political theories, nationalism, globalization and transnationalism, international organizations, national power and diplomacy, international law and morality, national and international security, international political economy and cooperation, and human rights, the environment and technology. The document provides an overview of the scope and content of the course.
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SOFT POWER: INFLUENCING PEOPLE WITH INTEGRITY IN NETWORKS & MATRIX ORGS
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Political Science 7 – International Relations - Power Point #11
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Carr and wilson
- 1. Theory of IR IAAU, IR-3B Lecturer: Ibrahim Koncak Done by: Toichubek kyzy Chynarai Carr’s Realism Wilson’s Idealism
- 2. Content: 1. Political science and its role during WW1 2. E.H. Carr’s Realistic criticism over idealists 3. E.H. Carr’s contribution “20 years crisis” 4. Wilson and Idealism 5. Conclusion
- 3. 1. Political science and its role during WW1 IR is under political science. Before political science, there was a political philosophy, where philosophers like J.J Rousseau and others wrote about an ideal type of government from the philosophical perspective. Philosophy asks normative questions that are "Should" or "ought to". This normative questions actually do not define "why" and "how" questions. That was one of the key reasons the emergence of Political science. In the period of WW 1 (1914-1918), people began to ask questions about war. Why wars occur? How to stop the war?
- 4. The first department on Political science had emerged in UK, in 1920. E. H Carr was invited to make research on political science Edward Carr criticized Idealistic approaches of being so “naive” Any institutions can not build a peace The only way to prevent future wars is to increase the cost of war. British historian, born in London, educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. From 1916 to 1936 he worked at the Foreign Office, where he rose to the rank of First Secretary
- 5. 20 years crisis Edward Carr wrote a book “20 years crisis”, where he gives first Great Debate between Idealist and Realists, over human behavior.
- 6. Wilson and Idealism • After the end of WW1, Democratic challenger on January 8, set down 14 points as a plan for world peace that was to be used for peace negotiations after World War I • -Open Diplomacy • -Free trade • -Self determination • -Creating a world coalition "League of Nations” • For his work in this area Woodrow Wilson won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1920 • An advocate for democracy and world peace, Wilson is often ranked by historians as one of the nation’s greatest presidents.
- 7. Conclusion Two different approaches and two different scholars made great contribution to IR and Political science. Each of them did significant works especially after WW1. When Western powers needed for a peace and coalition, Wilson showed the way how to achieve them. His 14 points’ goal was the guiding idea behind these points was self determination or choice of government structure. E. H Carr explained the way how to stop the war and wrote a very important book for IR theory “20years crisis”. Both of their works influence for todays life as well.
- 8. Thank you for attention!!!