Lfs 109 chapter 4 (3)
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This document discusses reasons and identifying reasons when evaluating opinions and arguments. It defines reasons as the rationale or justifications used to support a conclusion. Identifying an author's reasons is important for a fair evaluation of their opinion. Focusing on reasons requires remaining open to opposing views and examining one's own opinions. When analyzing an argument, one should determine the intent, quality of evidence, and relationship between the conclusion and reasons provided. Various types of evidence like facts, statistics, and expert testimony can be used as reasons. Weak reasons undermine the overall reasoning.
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Critical thinking in the research is the most n crucial Step in making evidence based practice more reliable and accurate
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---- Please Follow the instructions ----Ess.docx
---- Please Follow the instructions ----
Essay #5
Argument Essay
Purpose:
To demonstrate our ability to write a well-supported essay; to show our ability to do accurate works cited pages; to demonstrate our ability to cite sources using MLA format.
Audience:
people who may be unfamiliar with this topic
Paper format:
typed, double-spaced using Times New Roman and 12 pt. font; 1" margins all round; original title; name and date; separate Works Cited page; correct essay formatting and indentation of paragraphs. I will provide you with the correct Works Cited page. All you will have to do is copy it.
Note:
This paper
must
be handed in by the due date.
I will not accept any late papers.
Grade Distribution:
Rough Draft: 30 points
Accurate Works Cited Page: 20 points
Essay: 500 points
Assignment:
Write a 4-5 page argumentative paper on the following topic: Who Needs Privacy? You
must
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"Facebook
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must
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Readers Primarily Agree with You
Strengthen their convictions by organizing your argument around a series of reasons backed by supporting evidence or by refuting opposing arguments point by point.
I. Present the Issue
II. Provide a thesis statement -
a direct statement of your position
III. Present your most plausible reasons and evidence
IV. Concede or refute opposing reasons or objections to your argument
V. Conclude:
Reaffirm your position
Readers Primarily Disagree with You
Begin by emphasizing common ground, and make a concession to show that you have considered the opposing position carefully and with an open mind.
I. Present the Issue:
Reframe the issue in terms of common values
II. Concede:
Acknowledge the wisdom of an aspect of the opposing position
III. Provide a thesis statement
- a direct statement of your position, qualified as necessary
IV. Present your most plausible reasons and evidence
V. Conclude:
Reiterate shared values
Whatever organizational strategy you adopt, do not hesitate to change your outline as necessary while drafting and revising. For instance, you might find it more effective to hold back on presenting your own position until you have discussed unacceptable alternatives. or you might if find a more powerful way to order the reasons for supporting your position. Th.
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Week 5 Discussion The No-Zero Grading Policy Debate[WLO1] [CLOs.docx
Week 5 Discussion The No-Zero Grading Policy Debate
[WLO:1] [CLOs: 2-6]
For this discussion, we engage in a debate that is a hot topic in our schools: the no-zero grading policy. Consider this scenario:
Steve submitted an assignment to you that was over a week late. He apologized for the late submission and told you that he had been dealing with some family issues that prevented him from getting his assignment submitted on time. Do you accept the assignment or still give him a zero for submitting it late?
Debate Grouping (by first letter of last name)
For this discussion, your assigned debate group is as follows:
· A-L: Proponents of no-zero grading policy: Accept Steve’s work and grade it.
· M-Z: Opponents of no-zero grading policy: Do not accept Steve’s work and give him a zero.
Prepare
Prior to beginning work on this assignment,
· Read Chapter 11: Grading and Reporting to Students and Parents.
· Explore the following web page: What Is a Growth Mindset? (Links to an external site.)
· Find an article that supports your assigned position from the Ashford University Library or a reputable and credible website. This a tip sheet Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) provides guidance for locating an appropriate source.
Reflect
Consider if you have been given a zero before for a missing or late assignment or if you have given a zero to a student.
Write
Clearly state what your assigned position is for this debate.
Due Thursday, Day 3
Based on your assigned position, formulate a defense statement supported by the course text as well as the article you located that includes the following:
· Discuss the theory behind the no-zero grading policy and its purpose.
· Provide at least three reasons for your position, based on your research. You also want to provide solid examples to support each reason.
· Properly cite and reference your sources within your response using APA formatting (Links to an external site.).
Due by Saturday, Day 5
Respond to at least one of your peers who has been assigned a different position from you and has not received a response, and offer a rebuttal. Be sure to provide evidence from the readings or articles to support your opposition. Properly cite and reference your sources within your response using APA formatting (Links to an external site.).
Due by Monday, Day 7
Respond to your original post and provide the following:
· Your own opinion of the no-zero grading policy based on the evidence from the research and the responses of your classmates. How would you personally handle Steve’s situation? Did your thinking change after reading your classmates’ viewpoints? Why or why not?
· Using the What Is a Growth Mindset? (Links to an external site.) web page as a point of reference, how might a no-zero grading policy help to promote a growth mindset for learners. Explain, and if applicable, share your own experiences as well.
Respond to Peers (Due Monday, Day 7): Post replies to at leas ...
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Critical thinking (1).pptx
Critical thinking in the research is the most n crucial Step in making evidence based practice more reliable and accurate
Presentation
This document provides guidance on writing an argumentative essay for a class. It includes information on choosing a topic from several prompts, the structure and requirements of the essay, and tips for developing an argument. Students must write a 3-4 page essay supporting a position on a debate topic while addressing any opposing views in their argument. The document provides deadlines for drafts and outlines the components of a strong introduction, body paragraphs with evidence, and a conclusion.
---- Please Follow the instructions ----Ess.docx
---- Please Follow the instructions ----
Essay #5
Argument Essay
Purpose:
To demonstrate our ability to write a well-supported essay; to show our ability to do accurate works cited pages; to demonstrate our ability to cite sources using MLA format.
Audience:
people who may be unfamiliar with this topic
Paper format:
typed, double-spaced using Times New Roman and 12 pt. font; 1" margins all round; original title; name and date; separate Works Cited page; correct essay formatting and indentation of paragraphs. I will provide you with the correct Works Cited page. All you will have to do is copy it.
Note:
This paper
must
be handed in by the due date.
I will not accept any late papers.
Grade Distribution:
Rough Draft: 30 points
Accurate Works Cited Page: 20 points
Essay: 500 points
Assignment:
Write a 4-5 page argumentative paper on the following topic: Who Needs Privacy? You
must
use the following articles which are in your Week 12 Module to support your thesis and claims: "Tracking Is an Assault on Liberty" by Nicolas Carr; "Web Users Get as Much as They Give" by Jim Harper; and
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must
have two quotes from each of the three articles related to your topic. I will not accept any other sources that the three mentioned above.
You may not use I believe, I think, or In my opinion anywhere in your essay!
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Before you begin writing your essay, it would help if you created an outline to follow. The type of outline you create will depend on whether your readers primarily agree or disagree with you. Below are two examples:
Readers Primarily Agree with You
Strengthen their convictions by organizing your argument around a series of reasons backed by supporting evidence or by refuting opposing arguments point by point.
I. Present the Issue
II. Provide a thesis statement -
a direct statement of your position
III. Present your most plausible reasons and evidence
IV. Concede or refute opposing reasons or objections to your argument
V. Conclude:
Reaffirm your position
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Begin by emphasizing common ground, and make a concession to show that you have considered the opposing position carefully and with an open mind.
I. Present the Issue:
Reframe the issue in terms of common values
II. Concede:
Acknowledge the wisdom of an aspect of the opposing position
III. Provide a thesis statement
- a direct statement of your position, qualified as necessary
IV. Present your most plausible reasons and evidence
V. Conclude:
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Week 5 Discussion The No-Zero Grading Policy Debate[WLO1] [CLOs.docx
Week 5 Discussion The No-Zero Grading Policy Debate
[WLO:1] [CLOs: 2-6]
For this discussion, we engage in a debate that is a hot topic in our schools: the no-zero grading policy. Consider this scenario:
Steve submitted an assignment to you that was over a week late. He apologized for the late submission and told you that he had been dealing with some family issues that prevented him from getting his assignment submitted on time. Do you accept the assignment or still give him a zero for submitting it late?
Debate Grouping (by first letter of last name)
For this discussion, your assigned debate group is as follows:
· A-L: Proponents of no-zero grading policy: Accept Steve’s work and grade it.
· M-Z: Opponents of no-zero grading policy: Do not accept Steve’s work and give him a zero.
Prepare
Prior to beginning work on this assignment,
· Read Chapter 11: Grading and Reporting to Students and Parents.
· Explore the following web page: What Is a Growth Mindset? (Links to an external site.)
· Find an article that supports your assigned position from the Ashford University Library or a reputable and credible website. This a tip sheet Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) provides guidance for locating an appropriate source.
Reflect
Consider if you have been given a zero before for a missing or late assignment or if you have given a zero to a student.
Write
Clearly state what your assigned position is for this debate.
Due Thursday, Day 3
Based on your assigned position, formulate a defense statement supported by the course text as well as the article you located that includes the following:
· Discuss the theory behind the no-zero grading policy and its purpose.
· Provide at least three reasons for your position, based on your research. You also want to provide solid examples to support each reason.
· Properly cite and reference your sources within your response using APA formatting (Links to an external site.).
Due by Saturday, Day 5
Respond to at least one of your peers who has been assigned a different position from you and has not received a response, and offer a rebuttal. Be sure to provide evidence from the readings or articles to support your opposition. Properly cite and reference your sources within your response using APA formatting (Links to an external site.).
Due by Monday, Day 7
Respond to your original post and provide the following:
· Your own opinion of the no-zero grading policy based on the evidence from the research and the responses of your classmates. How would you personally handle Steve’s situation? Did your thinking change after reading your classmates’ viewpoints? Why or why not?
· Using the What Is a Growth Mindset? (Links to an external site.) web page as a point of reference, how might a no-zero grading policy help to promote a growth mindset for learners. Explain, and if applicable, share your own experiences as well.
Respond to Peers (Due Monday, Day 7): Post replies to at leas ...
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2) Developing critical thinking skills means being analytical, open-minded, paying attention to detail, considering different perspectives, and understanding issues from multiple points of view.
3) In argumentation, a claim is the main point or idea someone is trying to prove, while issues are points that are disputed or debated that an argument depends on.
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Running head SHORTENED TITLE The Title of the Paper F.docx
Running head: SHORTENED TITLE
The Title of the Paper
First name Last name
PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning
Prof. Phil Osipher
November 5, 1955
SHORTENED TITLE
Put the opening question here
Introduction:
Provide a brief introduction to the topic here
Position Statement:
Provide a position statement here
Supporting Reason:
Identify and explain a supporting reason here
Opposing Reason:
Identify and explain an opposing reason here
SHORTENED TITLE 3
References:
Include any references here
PHI208: WEEK ONE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
WEEK ONE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
The Purpose of This Paper
• This assignment, along with the Week Three Assignment, is intended to prepare you to write the Final Paper.
• This is not intended to be an essay, but an exercise.
• The five components of the exercise involve important skills to practice in order to be able to write the kind of
coherent, well-composed philosophical essay that you will write in later papers.
Specifying the Question
Essays that address ethical issues are typically most coherent and focused when they are oriented toward answering a
specific ethical question. The answer will be your “position” (in the Final Paper we’re going to call this the “thesis”), and
the main body of the essay seeks to explain and justify how your position represents the best answer to the question. So
it’s crucial to have a well-formulated, relevant, and focused ethical question to start with.
The list below identifies the general topic areas from which you are to decide on and formulate the specific moral question
that will guide your essays, and suggests some sub-topics. It will be impossible to examine broad topics in the final paper,
and so you will need to narrow down the topic as much as you possibly can. Do not attempt to address all of these
topics.
Once you have decided on a topic that interests you, think of the controversies and debates, the difficult choices and
dilemmas, etc., that surround this topic. Consider some very specific problem, and formulate that as a focused, concrete
question. The more narrowly-focused the question, the better your paper will be.
Be sure your chosen question is itself an ethical question. An ethical question concerns what is right or wrong, what we
ought or ought not to do, what kinds of things are good or bad, honest or dishonest, courageous or cowardly, generous or
selfish, etc.
Ethical questions should be distinguished from questions of psychology, sociology, anthropology, biology, etc. If you are
unsure, please consult your instructor.
Example 1
PHI208: WEEK ONE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Suppose you were interested in the topic of bioethics, and more specifically the topic of abortion (please note: this is not a
topic that is available to you to consider, since we aren’t addressing it in class).
Overly-vague or broad questions that you would want to avoid might include: ...
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- 1. Review ▪ What is the issue? ▪ What is the conclusion?
- 2. Chapter 4: What are the reasons? By PresenterMedia.com
- 3. ▪ Provide answers about why someone makes a particular decision or holds a particular opinion
- 4. ▪ They are the rationale for “why” ▪ Reasons are beliefs, evidence, metaphors, analogies, and other statements used to justify conclusions Reasons Continued
- 5. For example: When someone asserts that Russia will soon overtake the US as the dominant country in the world, this assertion should be met with the challenge:
- 6. Why?
- 9. ▪ An opinion cannot be evaluated fairly unless we ask why it is held Why Identify the Reasons ?
- 10. ▪ Focusing on reasons requires us to remain open to and tolerant of opposing views
- 11. ▪ We would tend to stick to the conclusions we brought to the discussion If not. . . I
- 12. ▪ We would rapidly agree with claims that align with our own.
- 13. ▪ We would not examine our own opinions
- 14. ▪ We would not be open to reasons provided by those people with different opinions
- 15. Critical Question: What Are the Reasons?
- 16. 3 characteristics of an argument
- 17. ▪ They have intent; they want us to believe a certain way- a reaction ▪ Their quality varies; we need to determine the quality in an argument ▪ They have 2 components: a conclusion and reasons Characteristics of Arguments
- 18. First:WHY DOESTHE WRITER BELIEVETHAT? Second: What kind of evidence is needed to support this claim? Initiating the Questioning Process The first step in identifying reasons is to ask
- 19. ▪ Evidence is specific information ▪ Communicators appeal to many kinds of evidence to prove their point Kinds of Reasons
- 20. Kinds of Evidence facts anecdotes Research findings Personal testimonies statistics analogies experts
- 21. Problems
- 22. ▪ Watch out for reasons that seem to be made on the spot Remember: Weak reasons create weak reasoning Hasty Generalization/Assumptions
- 23. ▪ Watch out for the conclusion to be repeated but worded differently
- 24. ▪ If in a discussion, watch the body language. If someone gets mad about having to provide reasons-he/she has only weak support