Programming simple robots allows teachers to reinforce unified science, technology, engineering, and
math (STEM) concepts. However, for many educators, the cost and computer requirements for robotics kits
are prohibitive. As mobile devices have become increasingly ubiquitous, low cost, and powerful, they may
prove to be an attractive means of coding for, controlling, and enhancing the capabilities of low-cost
mobile robots. This study looks into the viability of using LEGO Mindstorms NXT and Google Android
devices by using Bluetooth to establish a link between the two. This allows for the exchange of live data
remotely for use in various applications with the hope of creating a low-cost mobile programming
environment. The mobile applications developed were able to successfully exchange data with NXT
hardware via Bluetooth and show evidence that mobile devices can be used as a tool to assist in robotic
programming in education.
Rahul Budhiraja seeks to pursue a Master's degree to further his research interests in augmented reality, computer vision, and human-computer interaction. He holds a B.Tech in Information Technology from IIIT Allahabad with a CGPI of 8.4/10 and conducted his thesis on tracking methods in augmented reality. His research experience includes projects in augmented reality applications for the military and universities. He is skilled in programming languages like C, C++, and ActionScript and 3D software like Blender and Poser Pro.
IRJET- Educatar: Dissemination of Conceptualized Information using Augmented ...IRJET Journal
This document describes an augmented reality mobile application called EducatAR that aims to improve conceptual learning using augmented reality and image recognition. The app uses a mobile device's camera to scan images from textbooks. It then uses a trained convolutional neural network to recognize and classify the image. The corresponding 3D model and video are fetched from a cloud database using technologies like Unity, Vuforia, Blender, and Firebase. This allows users to interact with augmented 3D models and videos to enhance understanding of topics. The developers believe this approach can help overcome limitations of current augmented reality education systems by making the learning experience more interactive and visually engaging.
Rahul Budhiraja is seeking a master's program to further his research interests in augmented reality. He has a B.Tech in information technology from Indian Institute of Information Technology with research experience including augmented reality applications for military and education. His skills include C++, OpenGL and experience with augmented reality, computer vision and human computer interaction projects. He provides three academic references and one industrial reference.
Deepcoder to Self-Code with Machine LearningIRJET Journal
The document discusses DeepCoder, a machine learning system developed by Microsoft that is able to generate its own code by learning from existing code examples. DeepCoder is trained on a large corpus of programs and input/output examples to learn which code snippets are likely to work together to solve new problems. It can then search through code more efficiently than humans to assemble working programs from existing code blocks. While currently limited to simple 5 line programs, DeepCoder represents a significant improvement over previous program synthesis techniques and could eventually make programming accessible to non-coders. However, some media reports exaggerated DeepCoder's capabilities and inaccurately claimed it works by copying code directly from other software.
IRJET - Survey Paper on Tools Used to Enhance User's Experience with Cons...IRJET Journal
The document discusses and compares different tools that can be used to develop cross-platform mobile applications for enhancing the user experience of consumer real estate applications. It analyzes native mobile development, hybrid applications, and compiled applications like React Native and Flutter. Key criteria for comparison include code reusability, ecosystem support, performance, and accessing native device features. The goal is to identify the best tools for implementing features like 3D walkthroughs, chatbots, and optical character recognition in a real estate mobile app.
IRJET- Face Recognition using Landmark Estimation and Convolution Neural NetworkIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on face recognition using landmark estimation and convolutional neural networks. The researchers used the LFW dataset to test their system. They first used HOG and SVM for face recognition, achieving 85% accuracy. They then used CNN for further improvement. Keypoints were detected using landmark estimation for face normalization before inputting faces into the CNN. Various CNN architectures and hyperparameters were tested. The best performing model achieved over 95% accuracy on the LFW dataset, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
OOP and Its Calculated Measures in Programming Interactivityiosrjce
This study examines the object oriented programming (OOP) and its calculated measures in
programming interactivity in Nigeria. It focused on the existing programming languages used by programmers
and examines the need for integrating programming interactivity with OOP. A survey was conducted to measure
interactivity amongst professionals using certain parameters like flexibility, interactivity, speed,
interoperability, scalability, dynamism, and solving real life problems. Data was gathered using questionnaire,
and analysis was carried out using frequency, percentage ratio, and mean in arriving at a more proactive stand.
The results revealed that the some of the parameters used are highly in support of the programming interactivity
with OOP.
IRJET - Optical Character Recognition and TranslationIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of a mobile application to perform optical character recognition (OCR) on images, translate the extracted text to a preferred language, and convert the translated text to a PDF file. The application is trained on multiple input images to improve text recognition accuracy. It uses the Tesseract OCR engine along with preprocessing and machine learning techniques. The extracted text can be translated and saved as a PDF for future use, helping reduce language barriers and assist those with poor eyesight. Future work may include adding more language support and text-to-speech capabilities.
Rahul Budhiraja seeks to pursue a Master's degree to further his research interests in augmented reality, computer vision, and human-computer interaction. He holds a B.Tech in Information Technology from IIIT Allahabad with a CGPI of 8.4/10 and conducted his thesis on tracking methods in augmented reality. His research experience includes projects in augmented reality applications for the military and universities. He is skilled in programming languages like C, C++, and ActionScript and 3D software like Blender and Poser Pro.
IRJET- Educatar: Dissemination of Conceptualized Information using Augmented ...IRJET Journal
This document describes an augmented reality mobile application called EducatAR that aims to improve conceptual learning using augmented reality and image recognition. The app uses a mobile device's camera to scan images from textbooks. It then uses a trained convolutional neural network to recognize and classify the image. The corresponding 3D model and video are fetched from a cloud database using technologies like Unity, Vuforia, Blender, and Firebase. This allows users to interact with augmented 3D models and videos to enhance understanding of topics. The developers believe this approach can help overcome limitations of current augmented reality education systems by making the learning experience more interactive and visually engaging.
Rahul Budhiraja is seeking a master's program to further his research interests in augmented reality. He has a B.Tech in information technology from Indian Institute of Information Technology with research experience including augmented reality applications for military and education. His skills include C++, OpenGL and experience with augmented reality, computer vision and human computer interaction projects. He provides three academic references and one industrial reference.
Deepcoder to Self-Code with Machine LearningIRJET Journal
The document discusses DeepCoder, a machine learning system developed by Microsoft that is able to generate its own code by learning from existing code examples. DeepCoder is trained on a large corpus of programs and input/output examples to learn which code snippets are likely to work together to solve new problems. It can then search through code more efficiently than humans to assemble working programs from existing code blocks. While currently limited to simple 5 line programs, DeepCoder represents a significant improvement over previous program synthesis techniques and could eventually make programming accessible to non-coders. However, some media reports exaggerated DeepCoder's capabilities and inaccurately claimed it works by copying code directly from other software.
IRJET - Survey Paper on Tools Used to Enhance User's Experience with Cons...IRJET Journal
The document discusses and compares different tools that can be used to develop cross-platform mobile applications for enhancing the user experience of consumer real estate applications. It analyzes native mobile development, hybrid applications, and compiled applications like React Native and Flutter. Key criteria for comparison include code reusability, ecosystem support, performance, and accessing native device features. The goal is to identify the best tools for implementing features like 3D walkthroughs, chatbots, and optical character recognition in a real estate mobile app.
IRJET- Face Recognition using Landmark Estimation and Convolution Neural NetworkIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on face recognition using landmark estimation and convolutional neural networks. The researchers used the LFW dataset to test their system. They first used HOG and SVM for face recognition, achieving 85% accuracy. They then used CNN for further improvement. Keypoints were detected using landmark estimation for face normalization before inputting faces into the CNN. Various CNN architectures and hyperparameters were tested. The best performing model achieved over 95% accuracy on the LFW dataset, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
OOP and Its Calculated Measures in Programming Interactivityiosrjce
This study examines the object oriented programming (OOP) and its calculated measures in
programming interactivity in Nigeria. It focused on the existing programming languages used by programmers
and examines the need for integrating programming interactivity with OOP. A survey was conducted to measure
interactivity amongst professionals using certain parameters like flexibility, interactivity, speed,
interoperability, scalability, dynamism, and solving real life problems. Data was gathered using questionnaire,
and analysis was carried out using frequency, percentage ratio, and mean in arriving at a more proactive stand.
The results revealed that the some of the parameters used are highly in support of the programming interactivity
with OOP.
IRJET - Optical Character Recognition and TranslationIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of a mobile application to perform optical character recognition (OCR) on images, translate the extracted text to a preferred language, and convert the translated text to a PDF file. The application is trained on multiple input images to improve text recognition accuracy. It uses the Tesseract OCR engine along with preprocessing and machine learning techniques. The extracted text can be translated and saved as a PDF for future use, helping reduce language barriers and assist those with poor eyesight. Future work may include adding more language support and text-to-speech capabilities.
The document describes an Android application project for facilitating warehouse operations at Flipkart. Key features of the application include barcode scanning, sorting shipments to designated processing areas, bagging shipments in designated bins, and visualizing the warehouse layout in a hierarchical view. The project implements a login mechanism with MD5 encryption to securely store user credentials in a backend database. Functions like sorting, bagging, and viewing the warehouse layout help workers efficiently process shipments within the warehouse.
Design of an IT Capstone Subject - Cloud RoboticsITIIIndustries
This paper describes the curriculum of the three year IT undergraduate program at La Trobe University, and the faculty requirements in designing a capstone subject, followed by the ACM’s recommended IT curriculum covering the five pillars of the IT discipline. Cloud robotics, a broad multidisciplinary research area, requiring expertise in all five pillars with mechatronics, is an ideal candidate to offer capstone experiences to IT students. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a long term master project in developing a cloud robotics testbed, with many capstone sub-projects spanning across the five IT pillars, to meet the objectives of capstone experience. This paper also describes the design and implementation of the testbed, and proposes potential capstone projects for students with different interests.
CS8662 Mobile Application Development Lab Manualpkaviya
The document provides information about the Android mobile operating system architecture and development environment. It discusses the key components of Android including the Linux kernel, libraries, Android runtime environment with the Dalvik virtual machine, and the application framework layer. It also outlines some of the features and versions of the Android OS.
The document describes a report submitted by Trishu Dey, a student at Birla Institute of Technology and Science, on their project during their internship at [24]7 ILabs focusing on speech management system design. It provides background on [24]7 ILabs, acknowledges those who helped with the project, and includes an abstract, response option sheet, and no dues certificate.
RAILWAY SAFETY PROTECTION WITH ANDROID MOBILE APPLICATION FOR 5G NEW RADIO NE...ijcsit
In every night of non-traffic hours, different jobs are conducting maintenance works in “Railway” trackside area. This project will explain a specific section of track under the sole control an Engineer’s Person-in-Charge as procedures. And how to provide protection methods by which a person or persons
on or near a track are safeguarded from potential train movements or a train is safeguarded from other train movements or obstructions, or persons or equipment are safeguarded from traction power.Consolidated past several investigation reports and according to related is rules, workflow or procedures etc. to summarize. There are protection tools left on trackside area incident caused by the workers are forgetting and poor management. Proposed are different project themes in the light of their expertise, experience and observation in their daily works. The proposed themes are compared, assessed
and prioritized under the criteria - “Manageable”, “Measurable”, “Result of Benefit”, “Standardization” and “Priority” in the Decision Matrix. Establish some solve problem methods for
comparing to find out which that lower-cost plan accordingly. I came up with a conclusion and the ideas as develop a mobile application and create a unique QR code label with equipment naming to facilitate each worker management of protection tools. This is also fulfilled in popular terms of Creativity and
Innovations. Used the MIT App Inventor (Massachusetts Institute of technology) an intuitive and visual programming preform for mobile application are development. Stage 1: program for individual mobile user application. Stage 2: build-up Network centralized storage with supervising console operation.
Stage 3: testing system under with 5G network compatibility, bandwidth and network speed is applicable people will be able to use more of the network dedicated to each mobile phone.Finally, successful to apply trial works a fruitful outcome after implementation of the project solution. There was no missing of protection tools on trackside area within the trial period. With the safety-first culture boosted by us, I believe we can achieve a common goal: Everyone Going Home Safe and Well Every day.
A DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR A CONVERSATIONAL AGENT TO EXPLORE MACHINE LEARNIN...mlaij
This study aims to introduce a discussion platform and curriculum designed to help people understand how
machines learn. Research shows how to train an agent through dialogue and understand how information
is represented using visualization. This paper starts by providing a comprehensive definition of AI literacy
based on existing research and integrates a wide range of different subject documents into a set of key AI
literacy skills to develop a user-centered AI. This functionality and structural considerations are organized
into a conceptual framework based on the literature. Contributions to this paper can be used to initiate
discussion and guide future research on AI learning within the computer science community.
Atul Barve is a computer science lecturer seeking a challenging technical education position. He has over 13 years of experience teaching subjects like data structures, algorithms, and compiler design. He holds an M.Tech and B.E in computer science. Barve has published several papers and delivered expert lectures. He is skilled in programming languages and has organizational experience.
Introduction to Android Programming by Dr.M.Pyingkodi-kongu engineering c...pyingkodi maran
Android is an open-source software platform based on the Linux kernel that is used for mobile devices. It is developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. The document discusses Android's architecture including its software stack from applications down to the Linux kernel. It also covers Android development tools and the building blocks of an Android application like activities, services, and content providers.
Seminar report on Google Glass, Blu-ray & Green ITAnjali Agrawal
Google Glass is a research project by Google to develop augmented reality glasses. The glasses will have a small video display to show information and will be controlled by voice commands. Key features include a camera, speaker, button, and microphone. The glasses will connect to smartphones and tablets using WiFi and Android software. They will recognize objects and overlay information like maps, photos and translations. This could improve accessibility but also raises privacy concerns. The future potential is promising if technical and social issues are addressed.
A Survey on Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Software Developm...IJERA Editor
Software engineering and artificial intelligence are the two important fields of the computer science. Artificial Intelligence is about making machines intelligent, while Software engineering is knowledge –intensive activity, requiring extensive knowledge of the application domain and of the target software itself. This study intends to review the techniques developed in artificial intelligence from the standpoint of their application in software engineering. The goal of this research paper is to give some guidelines to use the artificial intelligence techniques that can be applied in solving problems associated with software engineering processes. The aim of this paper is to find out the exact AI technique is likely to be fruitful for particular software development process
IRJET- Cloud based Chat Bot using IoT and ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes a cloud-based chatbot using the Internet of Things (IoT) and Arduino. The chatbot can communicate with users via Bluetooth using a mobile app. It tells users the current temperature and humidity and their distance from the robot. It also indicates new message notifications using sound and light. Users can have basic conversations with the robot and get information about it. The chatbot uses IoT and Android technologies and works within a wireless local area network (WLAN). It provides a low-cost way for businesses to improve customer service and interactions through an automated chatbot system.
Jagdeep Dhand has over 4 years of experience in software development for the telecom and defense industries using C/C++. He currently works as a senior software developer at TBM Technologies developing applications including USSD and location services using SS7 and SIGTRAN protocols. Previously he developed combat systems for submarines at the Ministry of Defence. He holds a B.Tech in electronics and communication engineering and certifications in C/C++. His technical skills include programming in C/C++, Python, databases, and Linux systems administration.
Digital logic introduction using fpg as resumeRochmatDiantoro
This document describes the adaptation of digital logic design laboratory works at the University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest to incorporate FPGA design. The laboratories currently use a gradual approach starting with simulation, then breadboard circuit design, and are being expanded to include FPGA design. Students will conceive, simulate, synthesize, and implement digital logic circuits like an XOR gate and traffic light controller on FPGAs. This allows students to complete their training in digital logic design and serves as an introduction to further FPGA circuit studies.
The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand how in-service teachers with
3-5 years of experience perceived their pre-service training regarding integration of 21st Century
technology into instruction. Twenty participants from a rural public school system in southeast North
Carolina participated. This study attempted to describe: How do 3rd – 5th year teachers in one public school
district in North Carolina describe college experiences with educational training to integrate 21st Century
technology into their classroom lesson plans? Through interviews and a focus group themes were identified
through the participant’s perceptions of the phenomena of 21st Century technology integration training.
Participants identified these themes: (a) exposure to basic uses of technology, (b) 21st Century technology
assignments were neither purposeful nor rigorous, and (c) the majority of integration of confidence and/or
competence began after field placements. Themes were used in developing a list of best practices as
articulated by the participants.
Currently, the application of the network resources and various means of teaching such as multimedia into the classroom has led to the demonstration of multimodality in college English teaching. This paper
analyzes the current status of college English teaching and the existing problems, elaborates the research trends of the theory of multimodal discourse analysis, and aims to explore the question as how to construct college English teaching model from the perspective of multimodal discourse. Under the multimodalitybased college English teaching model, teachers should concentrate on cultivating students’ multi-literacy,
coordinating different modalities, to achieve the teaching objectives.
Lesson one discusses ordering dinner and introducing oneself. A person orders steak with salad instead of chips from a menu. They then remember meeting Helen before and ask how she is doing. Finally, someone asks how to create a product presentation and is told PowerPoint can be used, clarifying that PowerPoint is a presentation program, not a spreadsheet.
This article introduces a framework for automatically extracting knowledge from student blogs and
injecting it into a shared resource, namely a Wiki. This is motivated by the need to preserve knowledge
generated by students beyond their time of study. The framework is described in the context of the Bachelor
of Creative Technologies degree at the Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand where it is
being deployed alongside an existing blogging and ePortfolio process. The framework uses an extensible,
layered architecture that allows for incremental development of components in the system to enhance the
functionality over time. The current implementation is in beta-testing and uses simple heuristics in the core
components. This article presents a road map for extending the functionality to improve the quality of
knowledge extraction by introducing techniques from the artificial intelligence field.
Use of Excel in Statistics: Problem Solving Vs Problem UnderstandingIJITE
This document discusses using Microsoft Excel to help students better understand statistical concepts rather than just solve problems. It presents exercises using Excel functions to visualize probability distributions, sampling distributions, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing. For example, the normal distribution can be demystified by using Excel to generate normal distribution tables from the NORM.S.DIST function. Sampling and the central limit theorem are illustrated by generating random samples from a population and calculating sample means and standard deviations. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing are demonstrated on sample data where the population is known. The goal is for students to intuitively understand the statistical concepts behind techniques rather than just using tools to solve pre-made problems.
The document describes an Android application project for facilitating warehouse operations at Flipkart. Key features of the application include barcode scanning, sorting shipments to designated processing areas, bagging shipments in designated bins, and visualizing the warehouse layout in a hierarchical view. The project implements a login mechanism with MD5 encryption to securely store user credentials in a backend database. Functions like sorting, bagging, and viewing the warehouse layout help workers efficiently process shipments within the warehouse.
Design of an IT Capstone Subject - Cloud RoboticsITIIIndustries
This paper describes the curriculum of the three year IT undergraduate program at La Trobe University, and the faculty requirements in designing a capstone subject, followed by the ACM’s recommended IT curriculum covering the five pillars of the IT discipline. Cloud robotics, a broad multidisciplinary research area, requiring expertise in all five pillars with mechatronics, is an ideal candidate to offer capstone experiences to IT students. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a long term master project in developing a cloud robotics testbed, with many capstone sub-projects spanning across the five IT pillars, to meet the objectives of capstone experience. This paper also describes the design and implementation of the testbed, and proposes potential capstone projects for students with different interests.
CS8662 Mobile Application Development Lab Manualpkaviya
The document provides information about the Android mobile operating system architecture and development environment. It discusses the key components of Android including the Linux kernel, libraries, Android runtime environment with the Dalvik virtual machine, and the application framework layer. It also outlines some of the features and versions of the Android OS.
The document describes a report submitted by Trishu Dey, a student at Birla Institute of Technology and Science, on their project during their internship at [24]7 ILabs focusing on speech management system design. It provides background on [24]7 ILabs, acknowledges those who helped with the project, and includes an abstract, response option sheet, and no dues certificate.
RAILWAY SAFETY PROTECTION WITH ANDROID MOBILE APPLICATION FOR 5G NEW RADIO NE...ijcsit
In every night of non-traffic hours, different jobs are conducting maintenance works in “Railway” trackside area. This project will explain a specific section of track under the sole control an Engineer’s Person-in-Charge as procedures. And how to provide protection methods by which a person or persons
on or near a track are safeguarded from potential train movements or a train is safeguarded from other train movements or obstructions, or persons or equipment are safeguarded from traction power.Consolidated past several investigation reports and according to related is rules, workflow or procedures etc. to summarize. There are protection tools left on trackside area incident caused by the workers are forgetting and poor management. Proposed are different project themes in the light of their expertise, experience and observation in their daily works. The proposed themes are compared, assessed
and prioritized under the criteria - “Manageable”, “Measurable”, “Result of Benefit”, “Standardization” and “Priority” in the Decision Matrix. Establish some solve problem methods for
comparing to find out which that lower-cost plan accordingly. I came up with a conclusion and the ideas as develop a mobile application and create a unique QR code label with equipment naming to facilitate each worker management of protection tools. This is also fulfilled in popular terms of Creativity and
Innovations. Used the MIT App Inventor (Massachusetts Institute of technology) an intuitive and visual programming preform for mobile application are development. Stage 1: program for individual mobile user application. Stage 2: build-up Network centralized storage with supervising console operation.
Stage 3: testing system under with 5G network compatibility, bandwidth and network speed is applicable people will be able to use more of the network dedicated to each mobile phone.Finally, successful to apply trial works a fruitful outcome after implementation of the project solution. There was no missing of protection tools on trackside area within the trial period. With the safety-first culture boosted by us, I believe we can achieve a common goal: Everyone Going Home Safe and Well Every day.
A DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR A CONVERSATIONAL AGENT TO EXPLORE MACHINE LEARNIN...mlaij
This study aims to introduce a discussion platform and curriculum designed to help people understand how
machines learn. Research shows how to train an agent through dialogue and understand how information
is represented using visualization. This paper starts by providing a comprehensive definition of AI literacy
based on existing research and integrates a wide range of different subject documents into a set of key AI
literacy skills to develop a user-centered AI. This functionality and structural considerations are organized
into a conceptual framework based on the literature. Contributions to this paper can be used to initiate
discussion and guide future research on AI learning within the computer science community.
Atul Barve is a computer science lecturer seeking a challenging technical education position. He has over 13 years of experience teaching subjects like data structures, algorithms, and compiler design. He holds an M.Tech and B.E in computer science. Barve has published several papers and delivered expert lectures. He is skilled in programming languages and has organizational experience.
Introduction to Android Programming by Dr.M.Pyingkodi-kongu engineering c...pyingkodi maran
Android is an open-source software platform based on the Linux kernel that is used for mobile devices. It is developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. The document discusses Android's architecture including its software stack from applications down to the Linux kernel. It also covers Android development tools and the building blocks of an Android application like activities, services, and content providers.
Seminar report on Google Glass, Blu-ray & Green ITAnjali Agrawal
Google Glass is a research project by Google to develop augmented reality glasses. The glasses will have a small video display to show information and will be controlled by voice commands. Key features include a camera, speaker, button, and microphone. The glasses will connect to smartphones and tablets using WiFi and Android software. They will recognize objects and overlay information like maps, photos and translations. This could improve accessibility but also raises privacy concerns. The future potential is promising if technical and social issues are addressed.
A Survey on Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Software Developm...IJERA Editor
Software engineering and artificial intelligence are the two important fields of the computer science. Artificial Intelligence is about making machines intelligent, while Software engineering is knowledge –intensive activity, requiring extensive knowledge of the application domain and of the target software itself. This study intends to review the techniques developed in artificial intelligence from the standpoint of their application in software engineering. The goal of this research paper is to give some guidelines to use the artificial intelligence techniques that can be applied in solving problems associated with software engineering processes. The aim of this paper is to find out the exact AI technique is likely to be fruitful for particular software development process
IRJET- Cloud based Chat Bot using IoT and ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes a cloud-based chatbot using the Internet of Things (IoT) and Arduino. The chatbot can communicate with users via Bluetooth using a mobile app. It tells users the current temperature and humidity and their distance from the robot. It also indicates new message notifications using sound and light. Users can have basic conversations with the robot and get information about it. The chatbot uses IoT and Android technologies and works within a wireless local area network (WLAN). It provides a low-cost way for businesses to improve customer service and interactions through an automated chatbot system.
Jagdeep Dhand has over 4 years of experience in software development for the telecom and defense industries using C/C++. He currently works as a senior software developer at TBM Technologies developing applications including USSD and location services using SS7 and SIGTRAN protocols. Previously he developed combat systems for submarines at the Ministry of Defence. He holds a B.Tech in electronics and communication engineering and certifications in C/C++. His technical skills include programming in C/C++, Python, databases, and Linux systems administration.
Digital logic introduction using fpg as resumeRochmatDiantoro
This document describes the adaptation of digital logic design laboratory works at the University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest to incorporate FPGA design. The laboratories currently use a gradual approach starting with simulation, then breadboard circuit design, and are being expanded to include FPGA design. Students will conceive, simulate, synthesize, and implement digital logic circuits like an XOR gate and traffic light controller on FPGAs. This allows students to complete their training in digital logic design and serves as an introduction to further FPGA circuit studies.
The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand how in-service teachers with
3-5 years of experience perceived their pre-service training regarding integration of 21st Century
technology into instruction. Twenty participants from a rural public school system in southeast North
Carolina participated. This study attempted to describe: How do 3rd – 5th year teachers in one public school
district in North Carolina describe college experiences with educational training to integrate 21st Century
technology into their classroom lesson plans? Through interviews and a focus group themes were identified
through the participant’s perceptions of the phenomena of 21st Century technology integration training.
Participants identified these themes: (a) exposure to basic uses of technology, (b) 21st Century technology
assignments were neither purposeful nor rigorous, and (c) the majority of integration of confidence and/or
competence began after field placements. Themes were used in developing a list of best practices as
articulated by the participants.
Currently, the application of the network resources and various means of teaching such as multimedia into the classroom has led to the demonstration of multimodality in college English teaching. This paper
analyzes the current status of college English teaching and the existing problems, elaborates the research trends of the theory of multimodal discourse analysis, and aims to explore the question as how to construct college English teaching model from the perspective of multimodal discourse. Under the multimodalitybased college English teaching model, teachers should concentrate on cultivating students’ multi-literacy,
coordinating different modalities, to achieve the teaching objectives.
Lesson one discusses ordering dinner and introducing oneself. A person orders steak with salad instead of chips from a menu. They then remember meeting Helen before and ask how she is doing. Finally, someone asks how to create a product presentation and is told PowerPoint can be used, clarifying that PowerPoint is a presentation program, not a spreadsheet.
This article introduces a framework for automatically extracting knowledge from student blogs and
injecting it into a shared resource, namely a Wiki. This is motivated by the need to preserve knowledge
generated by students beyond their time of study. The framework is described in the context of the Bachelor
of Creative Technologies degree at the Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand where it is
being deployed alongside an existing blogging and ePortfolio process. The framework uses an extensible,
layered architecture that allows for incremental development of components in the system to enhance the
functionality over time. The current implementation is in beta-testing and uses simple heuristics in the core
components. This article presents a road map for extending the functionality to improve the quality of
knowledge extraction by introducing techniques from the artificial intelligence field.
Use of Excel in Statistics: Problem Solving Vs Problem UnderstandingIJITE
This document discusses using Microsoft Excel to help students better understand statistical concepts rather than just solve problems. It presents exercises using Excel functions to visualize probability distributions, sampling distributions, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing. For example, the normal distribution can be demystified by using Excel to generate normal distribution tables from the NORM.S.DIST function. Sampling and the central limit theorem are illustrated by generating random samples from a population and calculating sample means and standard deviations. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing are demonstrated on sample data where the population is known. The goal is for students to intuitively understand the statistical concepts behind techniques rather than just using tools to solve pre-made problems.
A study of the interface usability issues of mobile learning applications for...IJITE
More
experience on how to
use the application.
discuss many different
topics in order to
improve language
skills.
User roles and
profiles:
New Users: Few ideas
on how to use the
application.
Learn on the move:
Mobile devices with the
support of wireless
connectivity.
CLASSROOM COMMUNICATION AND ICT INTEGRATION: PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS’ NOT...IJITE
As part of the 21st Century skills, the integration of Information and Communication Technology is
inevitable in classroom communication. This descriptive qualitative research covered all 60 teachers in five
selected public high schools in Capiz, Philippines. Semi-structured interviews, informal interviews, and
observations were done to gather data. The data were analyzed using General Inductive Approach and
thematic analysis to unearth and cull emerging notions and themes. Participants viewed classroom
communication as a process, tool, context, interaction, and strategy. ICT for them was a driver for change,
a conduit for learning, a modern technology, and an instrument for effective teaching and learning. ICT
integration in classroom communication was interpreted to have helped teaching, to be a new medium of
instruction, and a marriage or partnership between classroom communication and ICTs. It is
recommended that best practices in integrating ICTs in classroom communication should be explored and
documented.
El documento presenta la candidatura de Madrid para organizar los Juegos Olímpicos y Paralímpicos de 2020. Destaca que Madrid es una ciudad acogedora con buenas condiciones para albergar los Juegos, como su clima, infraestructuras y apoyo público. El proyecto se centrará en promover los valores olímpicos y ofrecer una experiencia inolvidable para los atletas. Los principales lugares de competición estarán cerca del centro para que todos disfruten del espíritu olímpico. Madrid 2020 cuenta con el respaldo
LEVERAGING MOBILE DEVICES TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE AND EASE OF PROGRAMMING ...IJITE
Programming simple robots allows teachers to reinforce unified science, technology, engineering, and
math (STEM) concepts. However, for many educators, the cost and computer requirements for robotics kits
are prohibitive. As mobile devices have become increasingly ubiquitous, low cost, and powerful, they may
prove to be an attractive means of coding for, controlling, and enhancing the capabilities of low-cost
mobile robots. This study looks into the viability of using LEGO Mindstorms NXT and Google Android
devices by using Bluetooth to establish a link between the two. This allows for the exchange of live data
remotely for use in various applications with the hope of creating a low-cost mobile programming
environment. The mobile applications developed were able to successfully exchange data with NXT
hardware via Bluetooth and show evidence that mobile devices can be used as a tool to assist in robotic
programming in education.
LEVERAGING MOBILE DEVICES TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE AND EASE OF PROGRAMMING ...IJITE
Programming simple robots allows teachers to reinforce unified science, technology, engineering, and
math (STEM) concepts. However, for many educators, the cost and computer requirements for robotics kits
are prohibitive. As mobile devices have become increasingly ubiquitous, low cost, and powerful, they may
prove to be an attractive means of coding for, controlling, and enhancing the capabilities of low-cost
mobile robots. This study looks into the viability of using LEGO Mindstorms NXT and Google Android
devices by using Bluetooth to establish a link between the two. This allows for the exchange of live data
remotely for use in various applications with the hope of creating a low-cost mobile programming
environment. The mobile applications developed were able to successfully exchange data with NXT
hardware via Bluetooth and show evidence that mobile devices can be used as a tool to assist in robotic
programming in education.
LEVERAGING MOBILE DEVICES TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE AND EASE OF PROGRAMMING ...IJITE
This document discusses using mobile devices to enhance programming and capabilities for low-cost mobile robots. It describes developing applications on Android devices that allow communication with LEGO Mindstorms NXT robots via Bluetooth to exchange sensor and motor data in real-time. This provides a low-cost mobile programming environment. The applications allowed monitoring sensor values, setting motor positions, and testing shows mobile devices can assist with robotic programming education by providing an intuitive interface and freeing up funds for other educational needs. However, limitations of Bluetooth for streaming multiple sensors were discovered, requiring prioritization of sensor data or alternative connections.
LEVERAGING MOBILE DEVICES TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE AND EASE OF PROGRAMMING ...IJITE
This document discusses using mobile devices to enhance programming and control of low-cost mobile robots. It describes developing Android applications using the LEGO Mindstorms NXT robot that allow real-time data exchange between the mobile device and robot via Bluetooth. Applications were created for virtual instrumentation, motor calibration, and advanced programming. The results demonstrate mobile devices' potential as a tool for robotic programming in education by providing a low-cost, intuitive interface that can improve robots' capabilities through sensors on the mobile device. However, limitations of Bluetooth for streaming multiple sensors were also observed.
A Review of Virtual Programming Laboratory: Design IssuesIRJET Journal
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Leveraging mobile devices to enhance the performance and ease of programming for low cost mobile robots
1. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education (IJITE) Vol.3, No.3, September 2014
LEVERAGING MOBILE DEVICES TO ENHANCE THE
PERFORMANCE AND EASE OF PROGRAMMING FOR
LOW-COST MOBILE ROBOTS
Ryan P. Grainger and David I. Grow
Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, New Mexico, USA
ABSTRACT
Programming simple robots allows teachers to reinforce unified science, technology, engineering, and
math (STEM) concepts. However, for many educators, the cost and computer requirements for robotics kits
are prohibitive. As mobile devices have become increasingly ubiquitous, low cost, and powerful, they may
prove to be an attractive means of coding for, controlling, and enhancing the capabilities of low-cost
mobile robots. This study looks into the viability of using LEGO Mindstorms NXT and Google Android
devices by using Bluetooth to establish a link between the two. This allows for the exchange of live data
remotely for use in various applications with the hope of creating a low-cost mobile programming
environment. The mobile applications developed were able to successfully exchange data with NXT
hardware via Bluetooth and show evidence that mobile devices can be used as a tool to assist in robotic
programming in education.
KEYWORDS
Android, Application Programming Interfaces, Bluetooth, Educational Robots, & LEGO Mindstorms NXT
1.INTRODUCTION
The field of Robotics continues to grow significantly, has entered into nearly every part of
industry, and global demand is at an all-time high [1]. However, for those with little or no
programming experience, the effort required to learn even basic reprogramming is often
prohibitive. This issue is compounded by the inconsistency in the K-12 programming emphasis.
Industry has made strides in addressing this gap by creating abstracted, and even graphical,
programming environments such as LabVIEW [2]. Nonetheless, many of these environments
have limitations including:
• Need for modestly advanced computer hardware
• Need for manual software/package updates
• Proprietary file types requiring external conversion
• Interaction limited to the machine the software is installed
• Restricted support for additional hardware components
• Costly licensing fees
Mobile devices such as phones and tablets, which are increasingly entering the educational
system, address these limitations and offer an alternative for robotic programming. Additionally,
mobile devices' onboard sensors and communications can be used to improve the robot's basic
abilities. Furthermore, programming on a student’s own mobile phone will promote a sense of
familiarity, which could increase student engagement, and also allow school funds to be spent in
other areas.
DOI :10.5121/ijite.2014.3301 1
2. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Edu
Education (IJITE) Vol.3, No.3, September
cation 2014
To explore this concept, a virtual instrumentation panel, motor calibration tool, and advanced
instrumentation panel were developed eloped as a proof-proof
of-concept to show how a mobile device can
display information for a robot along with its sensors and to improve a robot's sensing abilities to
help with problem solving. Here we provide evidence that the use of a mobile device yields
multiple tiple benefits over the traditional method and provides guidance for future work in this area.
The specific contributions of this paper are:
1. A real-time stream of information between a mobile device and a robot.
2. An easy-to-use application to determine and
improve a robot's directional commands.
3. An exploration into the feasibility of creating a fully interactive mobile programming
application, highlighting remaining challenges but demonstrating that this approach is
feasible in the near-term.
For the purposes of experimentation, this research uses the LEGO Mindstorms NXT, a low
low-cost
and versatile robotics kit, and a Google Android Device in configurations similar to those in
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Setup (NXT and Android separate, NXT and
with the robot separately to command remotely and display data to the user, or integrated to allow sensors
from the mobile device to advance the robot's capabilities.
2.RELATED WORK
Android integrated). Mobile device can be used
Alternative programming environments nvironments for the NXT have been studied to advance usability and
hardware capabilities. In 2007, Kim and Jeon
[3] compared the standard NXT
NXT-G software,
powered by LabVIEW of National Instruments, with that of Microsoft's Robotics Developer
Studio. They determined etermined that while a visual programming environment is the best way to reach a
larger audience, a more flexible environment is needed for experienced programmers. Wadoo and
Jain [4] determined in 2011 that ROBOTC could advance the abilities of the NXT us
using built-in
functions for PID control to develop a control systems laboratory at a minimal cost, in
comparison to expensive equipment that would have been difficult to program and provide
limited use. These insights push development of new programming environments env
to remain
graphical while also being intuitive tive to both new and old users
There is much debate over whether to use a graphical or textual programming environment. In
2008, Azemi and Pauley [5] performed a course-course
study involving the shared use of
MATLAB; however, while both are textual-textual
based programming languages, MATLAB was found
by students to have a more intuitive design as there were many graphical-graphical
based components to
2
ironments C++ and
3. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education (IJITE) Vol.3, No.3, September 2014
assist in programming. Additionally, the GUI allowed for better understanding of major topics
that were discussed during the course. The main issue was that MATLAB had to be purchased
and installed on their own personal computers. With their 2006 survey, Yoder and Black [6]
stated that the question “Which is better?” may never be answered; they found that students
actually preferred using a graphical-based language (LabVIEW). As robotics in education has
grown, the need for an intuitive way of programming is required.
Papers pertaining to robotics in education referenced the STEM disciplines (Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics). Ekong, Choi, and Rascoe [7], in 2010, successfully introduced
robotics into a middle-school STEM curriculum to inspire students to study and pursue careers in
science and engineering. The workshops involved teachers using a prior version of the LEGO
Mindstorms kit with the biggest difficulty being a lack of an intuitive programming environment.
In 2012, Saygin, et. al., [8] determined that the use of robotics in an educational environment
helped engage students to become active learners and presented engineering concepts in concrete,
relevant, and real-world contexts.
Based on prior work, it appears that a GUI interface is the most productive for students during the
learning process. Increasing use and access would allow students to engage in programming more
frequently. This research looks into the potential of using mobile devices as a new solution.
3
3.METHODS
Virtual instrumentation for the PC has been rapidly adopted in the past 20 years. They consist of
an industry-standard computer or workstation with powerful application software, cost-effective
plug-in boards, and driver software [9]. However, for average schools, these development boards
are classed as high-level equipment that could not be purchased on a budget, and the same goes
for the software and industry-standard computers. Since many schools already have access to the
LEGO Mindstorms NXT kits, the need to purchase additional development boards would be
removed; furthermore, having students use their own low-cost mobile devices would reduce the
need to purchase up-to-date computers. With this in mind, a greater focus has been placed on a
mutual communication standard and software development.
3.1 Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a key integration component for this research, as it allows the exchange of data over
short distances between various devices. Since the LEGO Mindstorms NXT and most mobile
devices come with Bluetooth, it allows for wireless communication of sensor data and motor
commands. The NXT's Bluetooth is based on a CSR BlueCoreTM 4 v2.0 +EDR System,
supporting the Serial Port Profile (SPP) [10]. This profile is based on RFCOMM protocol and
emulates a serial cable to provide a simple substitute for the existing RS-232 protocol [11] (the
original intention of Bluetooth [12]), including the familiar control signals. All Google Android
devices support this; however Apple officially lacks support for this on its iOS devices. For this
reason, and its worldwide popularity, Google Android was chosen.
3.2 MIT App Inventor
The basic applications (Virtual Instrumentation and Motor Calibration) were developed using
“MIT App Inventor,” originally created by Google under the name “App Inventor for Android.” It
is now maintained by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) [13]. This development
software was chosen not only because it is a fast and efficient application development tool but
because the LEGO Mindstorms NXT components are already built in [14]. App Inventor allows
the development of applications for Android phones using a click-and-drag web-based interface
4. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education (IJITE) Vol.3, No.3, September 2014
and either a connected mobile device or an emulator. Developing apps appear on the device, step-by-
step, as pieces are added. This allows application testing while building. When the application
4
is finished, it can be packaged to produce a stand-alone application to install.
3.3 Xamarin Studio and MonoBrick
Xamarin Studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for cross-platform mobile
development [15] that allows development in C# Language with access to the .NET Framework
[16]. MonoBrick is a LEGO Mindstorms communication library, developed by Anders Søborg,
written as a plug-in for Xamarin Studio. The library allows mobile devices to communicate with
the LEGO Mindstorms NXT brick using Bluetooth. MonoBrick has the following features [17]:
• Support for more than 20 analog and I2C sensors
• Individual and vehicle motor control
• A send-and-receive mailbox system
• The ability to set the brick name, acquire battery level, read firmware version, etc.
• Play tones and sound files
• Use the onboard file system to download and upload files
• Start and stop on-brick programs
• Use exceptions to catch sensor and connection errors
• Open and close connections with multiple NXT units
This environment and library will allow for better applications to be developed in comparison to
those made with MIT App Inventor. After contacting Søborg, the source code for MonoBrick was
acquired to expand the library and allow for custom sensors.
4.RESULTS
4.1 Real-time Data Acquisition and Control
With the built in functions of MIT App Inventor, a basic Virtual Instrumentation tool was made
(Figure 2). This tool provides the ability to connect the Mobile Device and NXT via Bluetooth,
display sensor and motor tachometer values in real-time, and allow the user to set different sensor
types and motor positions. A button located at the top is used to connect/disconnect the NXT with
the mobile device, with the status of connection shown on the button text. Once a connection is
made, the sensor and motor buttons can be pressed to change various settings. The four sensor
buttons correspond to the four ports located on the NXT; each sensor has the selective options of:
• Light
• Sound
• Touch
• Ultrasonic
Once a port is set to the correct sensor, the mobile device is able to acquire data in real-time. The
motors (A, B, & C) can also be read individually, however there is an additional option to set a
motor position using the arrow buttons to the left and right of each motor, incremented by ±90
degrees. The addition of motor control resulted in a closed-loop control architecture to be
employed, primarily due to small amounts of lag between actual and displayed motor positions. It
was also found that with the addition of each sensor and motor giving real-time information, the
lag increased, causing stability issues. This is believed to be due to the serial nature of the
5. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Edu
Education (IJITE) Vol.3, No.3, September
cation 2014
Bluetooth connection. Querying and streaming data from multiple sensors and motors moves
beyond ond the limitations of Bluetooth.
Figure 2. Entire Virtual Instrumentation Application (Main Page, Bluetooth List). Allows user to initialize
a connection, select and observe sensor/motor readings, a
and command motor position
Two tractable solutions were considered. First, to change to a different connection, such as
USB, which all NXT’s and most Android devices have. This connection would require
additional hardware and for the mobile device to support it. Second, the more feasible option
was to develop a system that prioritizes certain readings. If motor position is absolutely critical
it can be set at a higher priority than that of a touch sensor. For this research the sens
set, by default, to not stream data unless requested.
The results showed that the mobile application was able to successfully poll data from the NXT
hardware via Bluetooth. It was found that a limitation of the Bluetooth serial connection exists
and will need to be improved in future work
with this method.
4.2 Interaction with Automated Routines
During programming, NXT motors are given a set direction that is determined as either forward
or backwards. This setup works with the robot configuratio
configuration in the provided manual; however
not all robot configurations have the motors in the same orientation, and it becomes difficult to
work out which motor directions will allow the robot to move as a whole. The only way to
determine motor direction is to either eit
guess and test, or to manually determine which motors are
5
nd position.
sensors were
n her
6. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Edu
Education (IJITE) Vol.3, No.3, September
cation 2014
configured to which ports, motor orientation, and the effect of any present gearing systems.
Both of these solutions work, but can be difficult and cumbersome.
The primary issue is that the robot ot does not know its actual orientation and configuration, which
is difficult when the robot has minimal sensing of its surroundings. Our solution was to use a
mobile device's various sensors and link the robot to them through Bluetooth. This allows the
mobile bile device to calibrate the motors and determine the direction each motor needs to move to
achieve a specific movement. This calibration process will specifically involve the NXT motors,
the mobile device's compass, and a Bluetooth connection. The mobile
device will run the motors
through a process of directional movements and determine how the robot acts with the onboard
sensors; the result will then be displayed so the user can program the robot correctly. The
developed environment is capable of:
1. Determining mining the forward direction of the robot
2. Obtaining motor location and orientation on the chassis
3. Displaying which direction the motors must be set to achieve a specified velocity
Figure 3. Entire Motor Calibration Application (Main Page, Bluetooth List, Direction List). Determines
motor configuration with the use of compass readings and user input.
The Motor Calibration Tool, seen in Figure
3, , was designed to be displayed as a Single-Single
Page
Application/pplication/Interface (SPA/SPI), because the user would usually be required to observe all data at
one given time, with the exception of Bluetooth connection and manual overrides for selected
tests. A button is again used to connect/disconnect the NXT to the th
mobile device; the status of the
connection is shown by the button text. An active readout is always displayed for the
magnetometer readings The average reading is based on a ten-ten
wide running average, the variance
reading is based on the standard deviation deviati
of the running average, and the stability readout reads
as true when the deviation is less than 0.5 degrees. The motor control buttons (A, B,
perform forward motor commands and read the average reading both before and after the
movement is performed d to determine the direction of rotation. The buttons adjacent to the motor
control buttons allow for the user to manually override the direction of rotation, using a list, to
one of the three choices: Stationary, Clockwise, and Anti-Anti
Clockwise. The lower h
6
e on & C)
half of the
7. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education (IJITE) Vol.3, No.3, September 2014
display either shows a message that signifies too few/many motors being used or an output for the
two correctly selected and calibrated motors. When the tests are successful a command example
is given for a left turn along with left and right movement tests and a command for either
forward/backward movement.
In summary, the application is able to successfully determine motor directions for use in
programming and the manual override assisted in any incorrect calibrations. Magnetic
interference proved to be the largest issue. Both the environment and the robot itself caused issues
with the magnetometer; thus the most successful tests were performed when the robot was used
on flat ground with no walls or objects in the surrounding area, with the device placed farthest
away from the motors and battery pack.
7
4.3 Augmented Control and Processing
Development with MIT App Inventor proved difficult for tasks beyond the basic back-and-forth
communication and simple routines. This required switching to Xamarin Studio and with it a
code-based programming environment. There are numerous advantages to using Xamarin
compared to MIT App Inventor:
• Variety of screen sizes, which allows the overall appearance of the application to have a
more professional appearance
• Multiple windows, to retain information, with the ability for data to be transferred
between them, allowing for a more immersive environment
• Wider range of layouts & views; preconfigured menu systems require less time to be
spent on the appearance and for the user to become more familiar with standardized
layouts
• C# Support, allowing for cross-platform code (iOS, Android, Windows, and Mac)
• Smaller file size, allowing the developed application to take up less space on a device
• No application size restriction, meaning no application becoming too big for the
development system to handle
• Support for older and newer OS versions, allowing all possible users the ability to run
software without incompatibility issues
• Ability to read an assortment of onboard sensors, including those appearing on future
devices
A further advantage of the MonoBrick library is enhanced communication between Android and
the NXT, allowing support for more than 20 analog and I2C third-party sensors. Moreover, with
access to source code, many more drivers can be developed, allowing for a large database of NXT
sensors.
With the functions of Xamarin and MonoBrick, an Advanced Virtual Instrumentation tool was
made (Figure 4). This tool provides the ability to connect the Mobile Device and NXT via
Bluetooth, display motor tachometer values, NXT sensor readings, and Android sensors in real-time.
Since Xamarin allows multiple windows, the connection settings have been moved to the
initial screen, requiring an established connection to be made before anything else can be done.
Once a connection is made, the sensor ports can be set to connect to various types of sensors and
to selectively interpret the inputs as boolean, scaled, percentage, and raw values. These are chosen
using an implementation similar to a drop-down menu.
8. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Edu
Education (IJITE) Vol.3, No.3, September
cation 2014
Figure 4. Entire Advanced Virtual Instrumentation Application. Allows user to initialize a connection,
observe motor tachometer readings, and display sensor readings from both the robot and mobile device.
The application pplication is able to determine if an onboard sensor exists, and constantly displays all data
relating to the sensor. Those not available, or those unable to be read, inform the user of such.
These onboard sensors are run in a separate subroutine as they can c
be read faster than those from
the NXT. Sensors such as GPS normally can only be used outside with clear access to satellites;
however there are a variety of ways to determine location depending on what additional
equipment the device has. For example,
mobile phones can use localization of radio towers to
give a rough estimate of position.
An added bonus of Xamarin being a code
be run directly inside of the application allowing for quick tests and valid
include:
code-based programming environment is that programs can
• Real-time PID tuning during line
• PID control of motor angle trajectories
• Android compass headings to determine robot direction
• Point-to-point GPS navigation and path
validations. Supported tests
line-following task
path-finding
8
an ations.
9. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Edu
These tests demonstrate some of
an Android Device.
4.4 Graphical User Interface
Education (IJITE) Vol.3, No.3, September
what is possible with a Graphical Programming Environment on
Using the knowledge gained, a preliminary Graphical User Interface was developed (Figure
that allows the user to add commands and graphically alter the settings of various conditions
and actions that the robot can perform. When a command is accessed various visual inputs are
displayed to allow command settings to be changed, a dynamic onscreen onscre
keyboard is shown
when needed; if a Bluetooth connection has already been established with an NXT, live
feedback from sensors and motors are displayed allowing the user to make appropriate
modifications. This enables the user determine what the robot does do
with sensor data and
perform actions accordingly. The
list of programming commands makes use of an indent style
to convey the program's structure; similar to that of a C programming language or its
descendants, with start and end symbols to represent braces. br
The indentation allows for control
flow constructs such as conditions or loops to easily identify by the user, in addition various
colors and shapes are applied to visually determine the type of command used. While only in
the initial stages of development, opment, it is clear that a graphical representation of programming will
allow users to easily transition, when necessary, into a text
text-based language with little difficulty.
Figure 5. Preliminary Graphical cal User Interface (Programming Window, Command Window).
Allows the user to create a list of commands using a dynamic interface that the robot can then
perform.
cation 2014
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5)
en es aces.
10. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education (IJITE) Vol.3, No.3, September 2014
10
4.5 Interpreter
With the graphical structure in place the next step was to turn the user created commands into
working commands that the Android device could interpret and run. A database structure was
created using SQLite which allowed for fast and easy access to vital information among
operations. While SQLite’s read operations can be multitasked, writes can only be performed
sequentially; this limitation is ideal as writing to the file would only occur during the
programming process but reading is performed throughout the application; and because of its
small size, SQLite is well suited to embedded systems like Android.
The creation of a database was only part of the solution, the commands had to be interpreted
along with the implementation of loops to simplify development, a basic algorithm was
developed in MATLAB to separate issues with Android and provide a simpler language with
which to debug with. Several parts were carried out using MATLAB; these parts were mainly
related to command components that were not already built using Xamarin Studio. These
components involve the implementation of a “goto” or “jump” functions to create “while” loops
and “if-else” statements; as well as their respective start and end braces. Once the MATLAB
script was reintegrated into C# the initial testing showed positive results and basic programs were
able to created easily and perform the set tasks correctly.
5.DISCUSSION & FUTURE WORK
A key broader impact of this work is that the same programming environment can be utilized in
primary education to help in assuring that a greater number of next-generation engineers can have
an early introduction to programming. Most schools focus on teaching students how to use a
computer and run available applications, rather than exploring the deeper concepts such as
computational problem-solving, which lay the foundation for innovation [18]. In both K-12 and
many industries unfamiliar with programming, an intuitive programming interface is needed,
especially where large numbers of low cost, yet highly capable, mobile robots are present.
The present study provides preliminary evidence that mobile devices are a great tool to assist in
programming robots for educational use. With the growing issue of obsoletion caused by rapidly
evolving technologies, this application is a promising and affordable solution for students,
educators, and other users of robotic systems. Future work will allow greater advancement in
application complexity and we are working to support additional sensors, improving filtering, and
improving polling techniques from sensors and motors. The application developed in the research
is currently in the public beta-test stage and will be available in the Google Play store in the near
future.
With the range of built-in sensors in mobile devices constantly increasing, an application that can
combine these with a mobile robotic platform will allow low-cost robotics to have advanced
capabilities. A fully interactive mobile programming application could be developed to run on
mobile devices, freeing robotic development to be used in mobile environments. The use of
mobile devices as programming tools would allow on-the-go development without the difficulty
of using large machines, such as laptops which cannot be integrated into a robotic platform.
Networked mobile devices could allow users to exchange programs and work together
simultaneously, even when not working in the same room.
11. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education (IJITE) Vol.3, No.3, September 2014
11
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Authors
Ryan Paul Grainger received the B.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering and the M.Sc.
degree in mechatronics from New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro,
New Mexico, USA, in 2012 and 2014, respectively. Since then, he has been with Inquiry
Facilitators, Bernalillo, New Mexico, USA, where he is currently a facilitator & consulting
engineer.
David Issac Grow received the B.Sc. degree in physics and the M.Sc. degree in
mechanical engineering from University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, in 2004 and
2006, respectively and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, in 2011. Since then, he has been at New Mexico
Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA, where he is currently
an assistant professor of mechanical engineering.