levels of product by kotler.pdf
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Every product has a life cycle with different stages - introduction, growth, maturity, and decline - where sales and profits vary. Companies must adopt different strategies depending on the product's stage: hold during introduction, invest during growth, harvest during maturity, and divest during decline. Products can also be viewed at different levels from their core benefit to potential augmented features to meet customer expectations.
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6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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- 1. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE Every Product has its own life like Human Beings.
- 2. Facts of PLC • Every Product has its life. • The Sale of Product is different at different stages. • Because of sale, the profit is also different at different stages. • To maintain profit, Strategies are adopted regarding the Product.
- 3. STAGES OF PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE There are 4 different stages of Product life cycle. • Introduction. • Growth • Maturity • Decline.
- 5. STAGES OF PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE (Explained) • Introduction- The product is introduced, the Cost is very High, Profit are Nil, Competitors do not exist and the customers are INNOVATORS. • Growth- The product is on growing stage, the Cost is High, Profit are Few, Competitors exist but Few and the customers are EARLY ADOPTOR.
- 6. STAGES OF PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE (Explained) Contd…. • Maturity - The product is on it peek, the Cost is very Low , Profit are High, Many Competitors exist and the Customers are MASS MARKET. • DECLINE- The product is start declining, the Cost is High, Profit are start decreasing, Competitors start decreasing The customers are LOYAL CUSTOMERS.
- 7. TREATMENT • HOLD- When the Product Life Cycle stage is Introduced. • INVEST- When the Product Life Cycle stage is Growing. • HARVEST- When the Product Life Cycle stage is Mature • DIVEST- When the Product Life Cycle stage is Decline.
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- 9. 5 PRODUCT LEVEL (Explained) CORE BENEFIT LEVEL Core Benefit refers to the Product level where the consumer buy for its fundamental use. For Example : Mobile Phone. The Fundamental use of Mobile is to use for Calling.
- 10. 5 PRODUCT LEVEL (Explained) contd… BASIC PRODUCT LEVEL In this product level, a customer is looking for some feature for like he can use his Phone for listening songs when he is free and want to relax.
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- 13. 5 PRODUCT LEVEL (Explained) contd… POTENTIAL PRODUCT LEVEL In this Product level, a customer feel delight as he get more than his expectation for the product he is willing to buy. For example, A customer will get (5 GB per day) 4G data free, for 3 months.