The document summarizes a report on a SQL injection attack on Yahoo! in December 2012 by an Egyptian hacker. The hacker was able to access Yahoo! databases by exploiting a SQL injection vulnerability in a third-party astrology application hosted on Yahoo!'s domain. While Yahoo! was not responsible for developing the vulnerable code, it was still responsible for securing customer data. The report recommends that companies protect third-party applications with web application firewalls to prevent such attacks.
SQL injection is the major susceptible attack in today’s era of web application which attacks the database to gain unauthorized and illicit access. It works as an intermediate between web application and database. Most of the time, well-known people fire the SQL injection, who is previously working in the organisation on the present database. Today organisation has major concern is to stop SQL injection because it is the major vulnerable attack in the database. SQLI attacks target databases that are reachable through web front. SQLI prevention technique efficiently blocked all of the attacks without generating any false positive. In this paper we present different techniques and tools which can prevent various attacks.
This Slide contain information about the SQL injection.
Types of SQL injection and some case study about the SQL injection and some technique so we prevent our system
Intrusion detection architecture for different network attackseSAT Journals
Abstract Now these days most of the work is carried out by internet. So web application becomes important part of today’s life, such as online banking, social networking, online shopping, enabling communication and management of personal information. So web services now have shifted to multi-tier design to accommodate this increase in web application and data complexity. Due to this high use of web application networks attacks increased with malicious purpose. DoubleGuard is an Intrusion Detection System helps to detect and prevent the networks attacks. DoubleGuard is able to find out attacks after checking web and database requests. Along with this, in this paper adding one more level that is admin, it is responsible for the training to the system, log generation, blacklist and employee entry. This IDS system provides security to prevent both the web server and database server. Key Words: DoubleGuard; Web Application; Multitier; IDS; Attacks.
Study of Web Application Attacks & Their Countermeasuresidescitation
Web application security is among the hottest issue
in present web scenario due to increasing use of web
applications for e-business environment. Web application has
become the easiest way to provide wide range of services to
users. Due to transfer of confidential data during these services
web application are more vulnerable to attacks. Web
application attack occurs because of lack of security awareness
and poor programming skills. According to Imperva web
application attack report [1] websites are probe once every
two minutes and this has been increased to ten attacks per
second in year 2012. In this paper we have presented most
common and dangerous web application attacks and their
countermeasures.
SQL injection is the major susceptible attack in today’s era of web application which attacks the database to gain unauthorized and illicit access. It works as an intermediate between web application and database. Most of the time, well-known people fire the SQL injection, who is previously working in the organisation on the present database. Today organisation has major concern is to stop SQL injection because it is the major vulnerable attack in the database. SQLI attacks target databases that are reachable through web front. SQLI prevention technique efficiently blocked all of the attacks without generating any false positive. In this paper we present different techniques and tools which can prevent various attacks.
This Slide contain information about the SQL injection.
Types of SQL injection and some case study about the SQL injection and some technique so we prevent our system
Intrusion detection architecture for different network attackseSAT Journals
Abstract Now these days most of the work is carried out by internet. So web application becomes important part of today’s life, such as online banking, social networking, online shopping, enabling communication and management of personal information. So web services now have shifted to multi-tier design to accommodate this increase in web application and data complexity. Due to this high use of web application networks attacks increased with malicious purpose. DoubleGuard is an Intrusion Detection System helps to detect and prevent the networks attacks. DoubleGuard is able to find out attacks after checking web and database requests. Along with this, in this paper adding one more level that is admin, it is responsible for the training to the system, log generation, blacklist and employee entry. This IDS system provides security to prevent both the web server and database server. Key Words: DoubleGuard; Web Application; Multitier; IDS; Attacks.
Study of Web Application Attacks & Their Countermeasuresidescitation
Web application security is among the hottest issue
in present web scenario due to increasing use of web
applications for e-business environment. Web application has
become the easiest way to provide wide range of services to
users. Due to transfer of confidential data during these services
web application are more vulnerable to attacks. Web
application attack occurs because of lack of security awareness
and poor programming skills. According to Imperva web
application attack report [1] websites are probe once every
two minutes and this has been increased to ten attacks per
second in year 2012. In this paper we have presented most
common and dangerous web application attacks and their
countermeasures.
Sania: Syntactic and Semantic Analysis for Automated Testing against SQL Inje...Yuji Kosuga
With the recent rapid increase in interactive web applications that employ back-end database services, an SQL injection attack has become one of the most serious security threats. The SQL injection attack allows an attacker to access the underlying database, execute arbitrary commands at intent, and receive a dynamically generated output, such as HTML web pages. In this paper, we present our technique, Sania, for detecting SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications during the development and debugging phases. Sania intercepts the SQL queries between a web application and a database, and automatically generates elaborate attacks according to the syntax and semantics of the potentially vulnerable spots in the SQL queries. In addition, Sania compares the parse trees of the intended SQL query and those resulting after an attack to assess the safety of these spots. We evaluated our technique using real-world web applications and found that our solution is efficient in comparison with a popular web application vulnerabilities scanner. We also found vulnerability in a product that was just about to be released.
Automated Detection of Session Fixation VulnerabilitiesYuji Kosuga
Session fixation is a technique for obtaining the visitor's session identifier (SID) by forcing the visitor to use the SID supplied by the attacker. The attacker who obtains the victim's SID can masquerade as the visitor. In this paper, we propose a technique to automatically detect session fixation vulnerabilities in web applications. Our technique uses attack simulator that executes a real session fixation attack and check whether it is successful or not. In the experiment, our system successfully detected vulnerabilities in our original test cases and in a real world web application.
FRONT END AND BACK END DATABASE SECURITY IN THREE TIER WEB APPLICATIONijiert bestjournal
This system turns away these sort of attacks and ke ep the customer record from request from hacking. By using IDS it can offer security to both web server and da tabase server using mapping of sender require and t he search from web server to database. This edge work is fit to distinguish the ambushes that past intrusion ide ntification framework was not ready to do. This structure or fr amework does this work by isolating the surge of information from each web server session. It assess es the disclosure precision when framework tries to model static and dynamic web request and queries. Additio nally this framework shows this stayed valid for el ement demand where both recuperation of information and u pdates to the back end database happen using the we b server front end.
Routine Detection Of Web Application Defence FlawsIJTET Journal
Abstract— The detection process for security vulnerabilities in ASP.NET websites / web applications is a complex one, most of the code is written by somebody else and there is no documentation to determine the purpose of source code. The characteristic of source code defects generates major web application vulnerabilities. The typical software faults that are behind of web application vulnerabilities, taking into different programming languages. To analyze their ability to prevent security vulnerabilities ASP.NET which is part of .NET framework that separate the HTML code from the programming code in two files, aspx file and another for the programming code. It depends on the compiled language (Visual Basic VB, C sharp C#, Java Script). Visual Basic and C# are the most common languages using with ASP.NET files, and these two compiled languages are in the construction of our proposed algorithm in addition to aspx files. The hacker can inject his malicious as a input or script that can destroy the database or steal website files. By using scanning tool the fault detection process can be done. The scanning process inspects three types of files (aspx, VB and C#). then the software faults are identified. By using fault recovery process the prepared replacement statement technique is used to detect the vulnerabilities and recover it with high efficiency and it provides suggestion then the report is generated then it will help to improve the overall security of the system.
Now-a-days the world of information era, we can get information just our single click by using Web
application. Web applications are popular due to the ubiquity of web browsers, and the convenience of
using a web browser as a client, sometimes called a thin client. It are playing a major role in this, every
organization are mapping their business from a room to the world with the help of these Web Application.
It consist of a three tier structural design where database is in the third pole, which is the most valuable
assets in any organization, as the adaptation of web applications are increases day by day, various attacks
are possible increasing day by day. An attack which is directly compromises the database that is most
threatening attack is called SQL injection. There are various Vulnerability scanners has been proposed to
deal with this attack, but none of them are able to detect SQLI completely. In my tools have the accuracy
ratio very less as well as they produce a high rate of false positive, apart from that all these tools take
much time to scan. To avoid these problem and detect SQL completely we are presenting a NVS that is
Network Based Vulnerability Scanner approach this provides a better coverage and with no false positive
with a short span of time.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Prevention of SQL injection in E- Commerceijceronline
Structured Query Language (SQL) injection, in present scenario, emerges as one of the most challenging fact to effect on the online business, as it can expose all of the business transaction related sensitive information which is stored in online database, inclusive of most highly secured sensitive information such as credit card passwords , usernames, login ids, credentials, phone, email id etc. Structured Query Language injection remain a responsibility that when intruder gets the ability with SQL related queries which is passed to a back-end database. The query which is passed by the intruder to the data, can allow the query to data which is an assisting element with database and required operating system. Every SQL Query that allows the inputs from the attacker sides can defect our real web application. Intruder which attempts to insert defective SQL query into an entry field to extract the query so that they can dump the database or alter the database which is known as "code injection technique" and this type of attacker is also called attack vector for websites and usually used by any type of SQL database. Through this research paper, our endeavour is to understand the methodology of SQL injection and also to propose solution to prevent SQL Injection in one of the most vulnerable field of E commerce.
ImageSubXSS: an image substitute technique to prevent Cross-Site Scripting at...IJECEIAES
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is one of serious web application attack. Web applications are involved in every activity of human life. JavaScript plays a major role in these web applications. In XSS attacks hacker inject malicious JavaScript into a trusted web application, execution of that malicious script may steal sensitive information from the user. Previous solutions to prevent XSS attacks require a lot of effort to integrate into existing web applications, some solutions works at client-side and some solutions works based on filter list which needs to be updated regularly. In this paper, we propose an Image Substitute technique (ImageSubXSS) to prevent Cross-Site Scripting attacks which works at the server-side. The proposed solution is implemented and evaluated on a number of XSS attacks. With a single line, developers can integrate ImageSubXSS into their applications and the proposed solution is able to prevent XSS attacks effectively.
In this digital era, organizations and industries are moving towards replacing websites with web applications for many obvious reasons. With this transition towards web-based applications, organizations and industries find themselves surrounded by several threats and vulnerabilities. One of the largest concerns is keeping their infrastructure safe from attacks and misuse. Web security entails applying a set of procedures and practices, by applying several security principles at various layers to protect web servers, web users, and their surrounding environment. In this paper, we will discuss several attacks that may affect web-based applications namely: SQL injection attacks, cookie poisoning, cross-site scripting, and buffer overflow. Additionally, we will discuss detection and prevention methods from such attacks.
A Review paper on Securing PHP based websites From Web Application Vulnerabil...Editor IJMTER
In today’s Era, Web applications are one of the most part ubiquitous platforms for
information sharing and services over Internet which play significant role in individual life as well
as in any country’s growth. Web applications have gone through a very rapid Growth As they are
increasingly used for the financial organization, government, hospitality and many critical services.
Web applications become a popular and precious target for security attacks. at the present time,
billions of transactions are done online through net banking, online shopping, online billing and
many more. Even though these applications are used by lots of people modern web applications
often implements the complex structure requires for user to carry out actions in given order, in
many cases the security level is too low, which makes them vulnerable to get compromised. Even
though a large number of techniques have been developed to build up web applications and
mitigate the attacks toward web applications, there is little effort constant to drawing relations
among these techniques and building a big picture of web application security(WAS) research. In
this paper, we present a survey on various types of web application vulnerabilities(WAV).
Imperva's ADC analyzed real-world traffic from sixty Web applications in order to identify attack patterns. The report demonstrates that, across a community of Web applications, early identification of attack sources and attack payloads can significantly improve the effectiveness of application security. Furthermore, it reduces the cost of decision making with respect to attack traffic across the community. Here's how, based on the traffic analyzed by the ADC: (1) multiple target SQL attackers generated nearly 6x their share of the population (2) multiple target comment spam attackers generated 4.3x their share of the population (3) multiple target RFI attackers generated 1.7x their share of the population (this amounted to 73% of total attacks).
SecureSphere ThreatRadar: Improve Security Team Productivity and FocusImperva
As much as 50% of the traffic hitting websites comes from known bad actors. This traffic can cause as much as 90% of security events, overwhelm security engineers and obscure the truly scary events that need further investigation. Imperva SecureSphere ThreatRadar proactively filters traffic from known bad actors so security teams can focus on what matters most. View this webinar and learn how to make your security engineering team more productive, Improve security and website infrastructure efficiency, and reduce risk and improve overall security posture.
Comment spammers are most often motivated by search engine optimization for the purposes of advertisement, click fraud, and malware distribution. By spamming multiple targets over a long period of time, spammers are able to gain profit, and do harm. Comment spam attacks can cripple a website, impacting uptime, and compromise the user experience. Quickly identifying the source of an attack can greatly limit the attack’s effectiveness and minimize its impact on your website. This presentation will:
- Present an attack from both points of views – the attacker's and the victim’s
- Identify tools utilized by comment spam attackers
- Discuss mitigation techniques to stop comment spam in its early stages
Statistics show that organizations face an ever increasing threat from compromised insiders. These trusted end users routinely have their endpoint security tested by malware and viruses.
Industry analysts are now questioning the current and future capability of anti-virus and anti-malware solutions to mitigate these insider threats. There have been numerous high profile events over the past two years to demonstrate the problems of prioritizing security at the end-point.
Sania: Syntactic and Semantic Analysis for Automated Testing against SQL Inje...Yuji Kosuga
With the recent rapid increase in interactive web applications that employ back-end database services, an SQL injection attack has become one of the most serious security threats. The SQL injection attack allows an attacker to access the underlying database, execute arbitrary commands at intent, and receive a dynamically generated output, such as HTML web pages. In this paper, we present our technique, Sania, for detecting SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications during the development and debugging phases. Sania intercepts the SQL queries between a web application and a database, and automatically generates elaborate attacks according to the syntax and semantics of the potentially vulnerable spots in the SQL queries. In addition, Sania compares the parse trees of the intended SQL query and those resulting after an attack to assess the safety of these spots. We evaluated our technique using real-world web applications and found that our solution is efficient in comparison with a popular web application vulnerabilities scanner. We also found vulnerability in a product that was just about to be released.
Automated Detection of Session Fixation VulnerabilitiesYuji Kosuga
Session fixation is a technique for obtaining the visitor's session identifier (SID) by forcing the visitor to use the SID supplied by the attacker. The attacker who obtains the victim's SID can masquerade as the visitor. In this paper, we propose a technique to automatically detect session fixation vulnerabilities in web applications. Our technique uses attack simulator that executes a real session fixation attack and check whether it is successful or not. In the experiment, our system successfully detected vulnerabilities in our original test cases and in a real world web application.
FRONT END AND BACK END DATABASE SECURITY IN THREE TIER WEB APPLICATIONijiert bestjournal
This system turns away these sort of attacks and ke ep the customer record from request from hacking. By using IDS it can offer security to both web server and da tabase server using mapping of sender require and t he search from web server to database. This edge work is fit to distinguish the ambushes that past intrusion ide ntification framework was not ready to do. This structure or fr amework does this work by isolating the surge of information from each web server session. It assess es the disclosure precision when framework tries to model static and dynamic web request and queries. Additio nally this framework shows this stayed valid for el ement demand where both recuperation of information and u pdates to the back end database happen using the we b server front end.
Routine Detection Of Web Application Defence FlawsIJTET Journal
Abstract— The detection process for security vulnerabilities in ASP.NET websites / web applications is a complex one, most of the code is written by somebody else and there is no documentation to determine the purpose of source code. The characteristic of source code defects generates major web application vulnerabilities. The typical software faults that are behind of web application vulnerabilities, taking into different programming languages. To analyze their ability to prevent security vulnerabilities ASP.NET which is part of .NET framework that separate the HTML code from the programming code in two files, aspx file and another for the programming code. It depends on the compiled language (Visual Basic VB, C sharp C#, Java Script). Visual Basic and C# are the most common languages using with ASP.NET files, and these two compiled languages are in the construction of our proposed algorithm in addition to aspx files. The hacker can inject his malicious as a input or script that can destroy the database or steal website files. By using scanning tool the fault detection process can be done. The scanning process inspects three types of files (aspx, VB and C#). then the software faults are identified. By using fault recovery process the prepared replacement statement technique is used to detect the vulnerabilities and recover it with high efficiency and it provides suggestion then the report is generated then it will help to improve the overall security of the system.
Now-a-days the world of information era, we can get information just our single click by using Web
application. Web applications are popular due to the ubiquity of web browsers, and the convenience of
using a web browser as a client, sometimes called a thin client. It are playing a major role in this, every
organization are mapping their business from a room to the world with the help of these Web Application.
It consist of a three tier structural design where database is in the third pole, which is the most valuable
assets in any organization, as the adaptation of web applications are increases day by day, various attacks
are possible increasing day by day. An attack which is directly compromises the database that is most
threatening attack is called SQL injection. There are various Vulnerability scanners has been proposed to
deal with this attack, but none of them are able to detect SQLI completely. In my tools have the accuracy
ratio very less as well as they produce a high rate of false positive, apart from that all these tools take
much time to scan. To avoid these problem and detect SQL completely we are presenting a NVS that is
Network Based Vulnerability Scanner approach this provides a better coverage and with no false positive
with a short span of time.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Prevention of SQL injection in E- Commerceijceronline
Structured Query Language (SQL) injection, in present scenario, emerges as one of the most challenging fact to effect on the online business, as it can expose all of the business transaction related sensitive information which is stored in online database, inclusive of most highly secured sensitive information such as credit card passwords , usernames, login ids, credentials, phone, email id etc. Structured Query Language injection remain a responsibility that when intruder gets the ability with SQL related queries which is passed to a back-end database. The query which is passed by the intruder to the data, can allow the query to data which is an assisting element with database and required operating system. Every SQL Query that allows the inputs from the attacker sides can defect our real web application. Intruder which attempts to insert defective SQL query into an entry field to extract the query so that they can dump the database or alter the database which is known as "code injection technique" and this type of attacker is also called attack vector for websites and usually used by any type of SQL database. Through this research paper, our endeavour is to understand the methodology of SQL injection and also to propose solution to prevent SQL Injection in one of the most vulnerable field of E commerce.
ImageSubXSS: an image substitute technique to prevent Cross-Site Scripting at...IJECEIAES
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is one of serious web application attack. Web applications are involved in every activity of human life. JavaScript plays a major role in these web applications. In XSS attacks hacker inject malicious JavaScript into a trusted web application, execution of that malicious script may steal sensitive information from the user. Previous solutions to prevent XSS attacks require a lot of effort to integrate into existing web applications, some solutions works at client-side and some solutions works based on filter list which needs to be updated regularly. In this paper, we propose an Image Substitute technique (ImageSubXSS) to prevent Cross-Site Scripting attacks which works at the server-side. The proposed solution is implemented and evaluated on a number of XSS attacks. With a single line, developers can integrate ImageSubXSS into their applications and the proposed solution is able to prevent XSS attacks effectively.
In this digital era, organizations and industries are moving towards replacing websites with web applications for many obvious reasons. With this transition towards web-based applications, organizations and industries find themselves surrounded by several threats and vulnerabilities. One of the largest concerns is keeping their infrastructure safe from attacks and misuse. Web security entails applying a set of procedures and practices, by applying several security principles at various layers to protect web servers, web users, and their surrounding environment. In this paper, we will discuss several attacks that may affect web-based applications namely: SQL injection attacks, cookie poisoning, cross-site scripting, and buffer overflow. Additionally, we will discuss detection and prevention methods from such attacks.
A Review paper on Securing PHP based websites From Web Application Vulnerabil...Editor IJMTER
In today’s Era, Web applications are one of the most part ubiquitous platforms for
information sharing and services over Internet which play significant role in individual life as well
as in any country’s growth. Web applications have gone through a very rapid Growth As they are
increasingly used for the financial organization, government, hospitality and many critical services.
Web applications become a popular and precious target for security attacks. at the present time,
billions of transactions are done online through net banking, online shopping, online billing and
many more. Even though these applications are used by lots of people modern web applications
often implements the complex structure requires for user to carry out actions in given order, in
many cases the security level is too low, which makes them vulnerable to get compromised. Even
though a large number of techniques have been developed to build up web applications and
mitigate the attacks toward web applications, there is little effort constant to drawing relations
among these techniques and building a big picture of web application security(WAS) research. In
this paper, we present a survey on various types of web application vulnerabilities(WAV).
Imperva's ADC analyzed real-world traffic from sixty Web applications in order to identify attack patterns. The report demonstrates that, across a community of Web applications, early identification of attack sources and attack payloads can significantly improve the effectiveness of application security. Furthermore, it reduces the cost of decision making with respect to attack traffic across the community. Here's how, based on the traffic analyzed by the ADC: (1) multiple target SQL attackers generated nearly 6x their share of the population (2) multiple target comment spam attackers generated 4.3x their share of the population (3) multiple target RFI attackers generated 1.7x their share of the population (this amounted to 73% of total attacks).
SecureSphere ThreatRadar: Improve Security Team Productivity and FocusImperva
As much as 50% of the traffic hitting websites comes from known bad actors. This traffic can cause as much as 90% of security events, overwhelm security engineers and obscure the truly scary events that need further investigation. Imperva SecureSphere ThreatRadar proactively filters traffic from known bad actors so security teams can focus on what matters most. View this webinar and learn how to make your security engineering team more productive, Improve security and website infrastructure efficiency, and reduce risk and improve overall security posture.
Comment spammers are most often motivated by search engine optimization for the purposes of advertisement, click fraud, and malware distribution. By spamming multiple targets over a long period of time, spammers are able to gain profit, and do harm. Comment spam attacks can cripple a website, impacting uptime, and compromise the user experience. Quickly identifying the source of an attack can greatly limit the attack’s effectiveness and minimize its impact on your website. This presentation will:
- Present an attack from both points of views – the attacker's and the victim’s
- Identify tools utilized by comment spam attackers
- Discuss mitigation techniques to stop comment spam in its early stages
Statistics show that organizations face an ever increasing threat from compromised insiders. These trusted end users routinely have their endpoint security tested by malware and viruses.
Industry analysts are now questioning the current and future capability of anti-virus and anti-malware solutions to mitigate these insider threats. There have been numerous high profile events over the past two years to demonstrate the problems of prioritizing security at the end-point.
Bleeding Servers – How Hackers are Exploiting Known VulnerabilitiesImperva
Today’s hackers ruthlessly target Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) to launch multi-site attacks that take control of Web servers and allow their perpetrators to flee with valuable data assets. HeartBleed stands as the most notorious example of a known vulnerability attack, but with a CVE database running in the thousands, attackers have ample opportunity to profit from unsecure Web applications. This presentation will:
- Discuss the latest data breach stats to identify where the most dangerous attacks are coming from
- Explore the attack perpetrators and reveal how they’re being successful
- Present the anatomy of a HeartBleed attack
- Provide mitigation techniques to protect against known vulnerabilities
Top Five Security Must-Haves for Office 365Imperva
Whether you’ve already deployed Office 365 or have plans to, security considerations around moving your business-critical apps to the cloud are paramount. From Exchange, Yammer, and SharePoint to OneDrive and the Administrator Portal, monitoring activity and securing access is critical to mitigating threats and protecting confidential data.
The application threat landscape can be described as a cyber war. In this report, we explore the technical details of this war. This Web Application Attack Report identifies how many attacks a typical application can expect to suffer annually. In addition, it exposes which countries perpetrated the most attacks and compares application risks by industry. Most importantly, this report reveals the underlying distribution of attacks, presenting an accurate picture of today’s application threat landscape.
Imperva's dedicated research organization, the Application Defense Center (ADC), constantly monitors hackers - and their attack methods - to isolate the most relevant attack campaigns. Based on this research data, the ADC has identified the top trends poised to have the most significant impact on the security landscape in 2014. This presentation outlines the trends that will resonate across the globe in the upcoming year like the return of compromised web servers, the rise of cloud platform breaches, and the spread of 3rd party application vulnerabilities.
6 Most Surprising SharePoint Security RisksImperva
As SharePoint gains traction in your organization, users quickly create new sites and add data to help them share information and work more efficiently. Before you know it, sensitive files are spread throughout SharePoint and security becomes crucial. Are you aware of - and prepared to stop - all the SharePoint security risks that are out there?
SharePoint is a complex, far-reaching system that's exposed internally and externally. With increased reliance on SharePoint comes multiple security risks, some obvious and some you wouldn't have imagined. Review this presentation to learn about some of the most surprising risks in SharePoint, uncovered by Imperva's security experts, including: (1) the six most surprising SharePoint threats including compromised insiders and search engine data leakage; (2) real-world examples of each threat; (3) practical methods for addressing these risks
Is your database environment growing rapidly? Is your organization at greater risk from outside hacks and compromised user accounts? An organization needs to know how to effectively monitor databases in order to prevent data loss, and significantly reduce the time to discover security risks and minimize potential damage.
View this presentation and learn how to:
- Detect and block cyber security events in real-time
- Protect large and diverse database environments
- Extend data monitoring to your Big Data and AWS environments
- Simplify compliance enforcements and reporting
Database monitoring - First and Last Line of Defense Imperva
In the battle to defend your data you have an edge over the hacker that can prevent or minimize the damage of a database breach. You have the advantage of operating within your own environment and can deploy automated surveillance capabilities to watch sensitive data. When a hacker breaches the firewall or compromises a privileged user they are beyond the reach of most security measures. Only a data centric solution that directly monitors data access will be able to spot and stop the abnormal activity.
View this presentation to learn how SecureSphere data protection solutions can help you improve your security profile and protect your company against a database breach.
Stop Account Takeover Attacks, Right in their TracksImperva
During every hour of every day, cyber criminals silently bypass traditional perimeter controls. They use millions of stolen user credentials to takeover Web application accounts, access sensitive applications, steal confidential data, and conduct fraudulent transactions. According to the latest Verizon DBIR report, over 50% of Web application attacks launched by organized crime in 2014 involved stolen credentials.
View this presentation to learn why real-time threat intelligence is the key to preventing Web account takeover attacks.
In this report, we demonstrate a new type of attack we call “Man in the Cloud” (MITC). These MITC attacks rely on common file synchronization services (such as GoogleDrive and Dropbox) as their infrastructure for command and control (C&C), data exfiltration, and remote access. Without using any exploits, we show how simple re-configuration of these services can turn them into a devastating attack tool that is not easily detected by common security measures.
Since most organizations either allow their users to use file synchronization services, or even rely on these services as part of their business toolbox, we think that MITC attacks will become prevalent in the wild. As a result, we encourage enterprises to shift the focus of their security effort from preventing infections and endpoint protection to securing their business data and applications at the source.
How do hackers automate? What do they automate? And most importantly: How can security teams block automated attacks? The latest Hacker Intelligence Initiative from Imperva's Application Defense Center will help you answer these questions and many more.
An Inside Look at a Sophisticated, Multi-vector DDoS AttackImperva
This presentation explores the current DDoS attack landscape, it covers the basics of DDoS attacks, current trends including the most recent results from the newly published 2015 Imperva Incapsula DDoS Report. It also discusses a detailed analysis of one of today’s modern, multi-vector DDoS attacks. While dissecting this DDoS attack, this presentation explores the anatomy and timeline of the attack, as well as the steps used to mitigate each phase of the assault. This session will close with a review of the aspects of effective DDoS protection solutions used to combat these sophisticated denial of service attacks.
Why Network and Endpoint Security Isn’t EnoughImperva
The rise in high-profile breaches demonstrates that traditional security defenses are no longer enough. Endpoint and network security cannot defend against sophisticated attacks or compromised insiders.
View this presentation and learn:
- Why traditional security measures fail to stop web attacks and data breaches
- How modernized best practices safeguard against web application attacks
- What strategies enable scalable data protection and simplified audits
Preparing for the Imminent Terabit DDoS AttackImperva
With the rapid growth of volumetric DDoS threats, even the largest networks, equipped with carrier grade hardware and with huge amounts of bandwidth at their disposal, are at risk of being taken down by a large DDoS attack.
Volumetric DDoS threats are leading many financial institutions, service providers, and other large organizations on a search for solutions that can scale DDoS protection beyond their existing network capabilities, and into the Terabit level. Learn:
- Expected trends in the evolving DDoS landscape over the next 12-36 months
- Important considerations when selecting your DDoS protection technology
- How to prepare your organization to detect and respond to a DDoS attack
Web Applications Under Attack: Why Network Security Solutions Leave You ExposedImperva
If you rely on network security solutions to protect your high-value applications from attack… think again! This infographic shows why network #security solutions leave your applications exposed to 60% of the OWASP Top 10 Threats.
Protect Your Data and Apps in the Public CloudImperva
Organizations continue to move their data and apps to the cloud and cybercriminals see this move as a huge opportunity. Both Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure provide basic security measures to protect infrastructure resources. But, did you know it’s the customer’s responsibility to secure their assets hosted in both environments? View this presentation and learn what security measures you should take to protect your data and apps hosted in AWS and Azure.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Sql injection bypassing hand book blackroseNoaman Aziz
In this book I am not gonna teach you Basics of SQL injection, I will assume that you already know them, because cmon every one talks about it, you will find tons and tons of posts on forums related to basics of SQL Injection, In this post I will talk about common methods of used by hackers and pentesters for evading IDS, IPS, WAF's such as Modsecurity, dotdefender etc .
Devoid Web Application From SQL Injection AttackIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The entire field of web based application is controlled by the internet. In every region, World Wide Web is hugely necessary. So, network assurance is badly assuring job for us. Several kind of attacker or application programmer is attempting to split the immunity of information and destroy the instruction composed in the database. The SQL Injection Attack is very large safety measure risk in that present day. The indicated attacks allow to attacker’ s unlimited access from the database or still authority of database those determine web based application. That manages conscious and secret records and put the injurious SQL query put to modify the expected function. Many database reviewer and theorist give distinct concept to avoid regarding SQL Injection Attack. But no one of the concept is completely adaptable to. This research introduces a latest framework to protecting web based application from the SQL Injection Attack. Introduced framework i.e. present in this research is based on two techniques known as SQM (SQL Query Monitor) and Sanitization Application. That is the two ways filter program which analyses the user query and generate a separate key for user before it is sent to the application server. Several aspects of SQL Injection Attack are also discussed in that research.
A Multidimensional View of Critical Web Application Security Risks: A Novel '...Cognizant
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In today's digital world, web applications are the gateways to our data. But are they truly secure? This cyber security project presentation delves into the ever-present threat of web application vulnerabilities. Explore common vulnerabilities like SQL injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). Learn how attackers exploit these weaknesses and discover effective strategies to identify, prevent, and mitigate them. Whether you're a developer, security professional, or website owner, this presentation equips you with the knowledge to safeguard your web applications and protect user data. visit us for more cyber security project presentation, https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/cyber-security-and-ethical-hacking/
Introduction All research reports begin with an introduction. (.docxvrickens
Introduction
All research reports begin with an introduction. (1 – 2 Pages)
Background
Provide your reader with a broad base of understanding of the research topic. The goal is to give the reader an overview of the topic, and its context within the real world, research literature, and theory. (3 – 5 Pages)
Problem Statement
This section should clearly articulate how the study will relate to the current literature. This is done by describing findings from the research literature that define the gap. Should be very clear what the research problem is and why it should be solved. Provide a general/board problem and a specific problem (150 – 200 Words)
Literature Review
Using your annotated bibliography, construct a literature review. (5-10 pages)
Discussion
Provide a discussion about your specific topic findings. Using the literature, you found, how do you solve your problem? How does it affect your general/board problem? (3-5 pages)
References
1. Web Application Security; by Vincent Liu, Bryan Sullivan; Publisher: McGraw-Hill; Release Date: November 2011
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/web-application-security/9780071776165/
2. Veracode; Web Application Security Standards; May 09, 2019
https://www.veracode.com/security/web-application-security-standards
3. Gofore; Web Application Security Requirements » Gofore; July 12, 2018
https://gofore.com/en/web-application-security-requirements-2/
4. Information Security; IT Security Standard: Web Applications - Security Vulnerabilities
https://security.calpoly.edu/content/standards/web-app-vulnerabilities
5. GitHub; OWASP/ASVS; May 27, 2019
https://github.com/OWASP/ASVS
6. KeyCDN; 11 Web Application Security Best Practices; June 02, 2019
https://www.keycdn.com/blog/web-application-security-best-practices
7. Software Integrity Blog; 3 Tips to Ramp Up Your Web Application Security | Synopsys; May 29, 2019
https://www.synopsys.com/blogs/software-security/ramp-up-your-web-application-security/
8. CompliancePoint; Web Application Testing;
https://www.compliancepoint.com/web-application-testing
9. Holm Security; Web Application Security (WAS)
https://www.holmsecurity.com/web-application-security-was
10. Information Security Buzz; The State Of Web Application Vulnerabilities In 2018; January 30, 2019
https://www.informationsecuritybuzz.com/articles/the-state-of-web-application-vulnerabilities-in-2018/
Introduction
Application Security management is an important feature of security in IT environment at enterprise level. Application Security is the implementation of join more aspects or functionality to software to block an area of uncommon threats. These are included of sensitive date breaches or Information or Data theft/steal situations, Denial of Service attacks and other Cyber Attacks.
Web applications are vulnerable to charges that may result in presentation or diminishing of sensitive data, or effect on accessibility of an authorized users like administrators, special users, Application tes ...
How to Detect SQL Injections & XSS Attacks with AlienVault USM AlienVault
They may be the oldest tricks in the book, but SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks still put a hurt on thousands of web applications every year, impacting millions of users—your users and customers. SIEM solutions are essential in finding these exposures quickly, by collecting and correlating data to spot patterns and alert you of an attack. Join us for this demo to learn more about how these attacks work and how AlienVault USM gives you the built-in intelligence you need to spot trouble quickly.
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How these attacks work and what you can do to protect your network
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
One Poll survey of 250 IT professionals on the state of application programming interface (API) security, which highlights growing concern for cybersecurity risk related to API use.
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7 Tips to Protect Your Data from Contractors and Privileged VendorsImperva
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Learn where you are most vulnerable to credit card fraud, how illegal "carding" and "cashing out" kill chains work and why Web Application Firewalls and threat intelligence are necessary to prevent attacks. Find out how you can be prepared: http://bit.ly/2nZO6rE
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Users and apps pose the biggest risk to your enterprise data with hackers being financially motivated to gain unauthorized access to data. Find out how to prevent major data breaches from internal and external threats: http://bit.ly/2oFImpQ
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The number one source of data breaches are web app attacks. It doesn't matter where your data resides because cyber criminals and compromised users will find a way to access it. Learn the steps you can take and why you have to protect data where it lives: http://bit.ly/2p3jkgK
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
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CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
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Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
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This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
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Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
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LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
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While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
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zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
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Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Lessons Learned From the Yahoo! Hack
1. January 2013
Hacker Intelligence Initiative, Monthly Trend Report #15
Lessons Learned From the Yahoo! Hack
How SQL Injection Vulnerabilities in Third-Party Code Can Make for Security Cloudy
1. Executive Summary
On December 2012, an Egyptian hacker who calls himself ViruS_HimA, claimed to have breached Yahoo!’s security systems and
acquired full access to certain Yahoo! databases, leading to full access on the server for that domain. Technically, we found that
the hacker was able to determine the allegedly vulnerable Yahoo! application and the exact attack method – error message
based SQL injection for the MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server) database (DB).
From a business perspective, this attack underscores the security problem posed by hosting third-party code – as is often done
with cloud-based services. In fact, according to a survey from PricewaterhouseCoopers, 23.6% of respondents say that cloud
computing has increased vulnerabilities, and the largest perceived risk is the uncertain ability to enforce provider security
policies.1 In the Yahoo! incident, the vulnerable application was probably not coded by the Yahoo! team, and not even hosted
on Yahoo!’s server farm. This left Yahoo! with full responsibility for securing the application on one hand, and a very limited
capability to actually control the code, on the other hand. This episode underscores technical and business urgencies:
Technically, security teams should:
› Protect third-party Web applications against SQL injection and other Web attacks: Incorporate security into the software
development life cycle, perform penetration tests and vulnerability assessments on the application, and deploy the
application behind a Web Application Firewall (WAF).
› Harden your system: When the application is promoted from development to production, the system configuration must
be hardened to disable any irrelevant parts that may help the attacker. In the hardening process detailed error messages
should be disabled, excessive file and directory permissions should be restricted, source code leftovers should be deleted,
and so on.
From a business standpoint, executives should always assume third-party code – coming from partners, vendors, mergers and
acquisitions – contains serious vulnerabilities. Although our technical recommendations take precedence, we recommend:
› Put in place legal requirements in a contract for what you will and will not accept from a security perspective.
› Incorporate security due diligence for any merger or acquisition activity.
› Require coding standards and security requirements in every specification between you and the third party.
› Demand metric reports for security of the vendor’s code that are repeatable and verifiable.
› Require that all security requirements are met prior to the first time the code is executed in your environment.
› Require a comprehensive review of possible vulnerabilities resulting from new external services operating in conjunction
with your current services.
› Require a report specifying security issues and measures taken to address them for every task and deliverable from the
vendor.
PwC 2012 Global State of Information Security Survey
1
2. Hacker Intelligence Initiative, Monthly Trend Report
2. Detailed Attack Analysis
The hacker has released the following screenshot as an evidence for the successful hacking
Figure 1 The hacker’s hack evidence screenshot
In this section, the technical details of the attack that were revealed by this screenshot are analyzed.
Note: We have covered the topic of SQL injection (SQLi) in previous HII reports; however we include a brief primer to SQL
injection in section 2.1 to make this report self-contained.2 If you are already familiar with the subject, you can start with
section 2.2.
2.1 SQL injection 101
In a SQL Injection attack, attackers exploit Web application vulnerability in order to access the organization’s data in an
unauthorized manner. For laypeople, this means typing computer code in the fields of a Website’s form. For example,
instead of typing in a credit card number or a last name, a hacker types in something technical that looks like ‘x’=’x’. When
clever code is used, this action tricks the Website into coughing up sensitive data.
In geek speak, SQL injection is a technique used to take advantage of non-validated input vulnerabilities to pass SQL
commands through a Web application for execution by a backend database. Attackers take advantage of the fact that
programmers often chain together SQL commands with user-provided parameters, and can therefore embed SQL
commands inside these parameters. The result is that the attacker can execute arbitrary SQL queries and/or commands on
the backend database server through the Web application.
The potential results can be disastrous. For example, attackers may be able to retrieve the organization’s intellectual
property, customer account information, and other sensitive data. A successful SQLi attack may also allow the attacker to
steal the site’s administrator password, giving the attacker full control over the Web application.
Other times, a compromised site can host an attacker’s code which may lead site visitors to download malware (aka “Drive-
by Downloads”). SQLi attacks also allow the manipulation of data, enabling – for example – the defacement of the Website.
http://www.imperva.com/docs/HII_An_Anatomy_of_a_SQL_Injection_Attack_SQLi.pdf
2
Report #15, January 2013 2
3. Hacker Intelligence Initiative, Monthly Trend Report
A SQLi attack usually starts with identifying weaknesses in the applications where unchecked users’ input is transformed
into database queries. Goal-oriented attacks continue with abusing these weaknesses in a repetitious trial and error process
in order to discover the exact structure of the application’s database. The aim is to discover what sensitive and valuable
information is stored in the database and how to extract it. In practice, this tedious process is usually automated and often
based on widely-known tools that let an attacker quickly and effortlessly identify and exploit applications’ vulnerabilities.
2.2 Analyzing the Attack Method: MSSQL Injection with Conversion Errors
Hackers often abuse a SQL injection (SQLi) vulnerability in a Web application resource to steal data from a data base.
A popular target within the database would be the tables that contain personally identifiable information (PII) (users,
customers, patients, transactions) such as names, addresses, e-mail and passwords or even credit card details. The attack is
facilitated by the injection of a SQL SELECT statement, which allows hackers to query the database for its content.
However, even when the application is vulnerable to SQLi and executes an arbitrary SQL statement, it does not necessarily
display the results back.
To overcome this obstacle, hackers are using the “MSSQL with conversion errors” SQLi variant. As a matter of fact, the “MSSQL
with conversion errors” method is an old trick in the hackers’ book. In order to use that method, the following preconditions
must exist:
› The application is vulnerable to SQL injection.
› The application is using an MSSQL database.
› The application server is misconfigured to send a verbose error message.
The attackers abuse the application server misconfiguration to invoke an error page that contains the desired data retrieved
using SQLi.
In the Yahoo! case, the hacker used a conversion error to generate the error page. According to the screenshot, the hacker’s
attack vector was “‘ and 1 = convert (int,(select top 1 table name from x)”.3
The hacker tells the database to retrieve data about table names and to convert it to an integer. Since the returned data is
a character string (nvarchar in DB terminology) and not an integer, a detailed error message is generated that contains the
value of the character string that could not be converted – in this case, the table name (“product_section_Master_dir”).
Displaying this error message to the user might be very helpful when the application is being developed and tested, but it is
a bad idea to have it on production systems, as the result of hackers’ injected query is now sent back to them.
Figure 2 MSSQL with conversion error attack results
It’s important to note that the attacker does not have to be an experienced hacker in order to use this specific variant of SQLi
with MSSQL errors. There are some free “point and click” automatic SQLi abuse tools that enable anyone who knows how to
operate a Windows application to do just that.
One such tool is the very popular Iranian tool, Havij, which has an explicit support for extracting data from MSSQL Server
using the error-based methods.4
3
The text is url decoded for readability. Text in red is a replacement for text blackened in the original hacker screenshot.
4
http://blog.imperva.com/2012/03/havij-101.html
Report #15, January 2013 3
4. Hacker Intelligence Initiative, Monthly Trend Report
Figure 3 Havij implements the MSSQL with errors SQLi attack
2.3 Leveraging MSSQL SQL Injection Vulnerability to Command Execution
The attacker claimed the SQL injection led to having full access on the server. This was probably done by using MSSQL’s “XP_
CMDSHELL” system-stored procedure. Many administrative activities in MSSQL DB can be performed through system stored
procedures.5 The XP_CMDSHELL executes a given command string as an operating-system command shell and returns
any output as rows of text. Therefore, a SQL injection vulnerability in an application using MSSQL DB enables the hacker to
execute shell commands and take over the server.
In order to exploit it, the hacker only needs to modify the aforementioned injected SQL code from the SELECT statement
used to extract data to the EXEC statement used to execute stored procedure that will execute the “XP_CMDSHELL” system
stored procedure.6
So instead of “‘ and 1 = convert (int,(select top 1 table name from x))” the attack vector will be
something like “‘; EXEC xp_cmdshell ‘some command’“.
Once more, exploiting MSSQL SQLi vulnerability for command execution is supported in automatic SQLi tools such as Havij,
which means a vulnerability can be exploited relatively easily.
3. Protecting Third-Party Code
3.1 Identifying the Vulnerable Application
Analyzing the screenshot above, appearing in the previous section, we can find certain clues to help us reveal the nature of
a vulnerable site:
› Host name from address bar: Although blackened by the attacker, some of the host’s domain name is visible and we
can determine two of its features:
• It ends in “yle.yahoo.net”: Although Yahoo! hosts many applications, almost all of them are hosted under the yahoo.
com domain name.
• It has a relatively long host name.
› The application is powered by ASP.NET as can be determined by the distinct error message and not by PHP as do most
of Yahoo! applications, which further shortens the list of the possibly vulnerable Yahoo! applications.
› The error message reveals that the application source file resides on C:webcorp[blackened by hacker]p
YahooV2app_code.
5
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa260689(v=sql.80).aspx
6
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa260689(v=sql.80).aspx
Report #15, January 2013 4
5. Hacker Intelligence Initiative, Monthly Trend Report
Using all these hints with some Google search has led to a single candidate for that exploited application: “in.horoscopes.
lifestyle.yahoo.net” an Indian astrology Web application.
› Host name is relatively long and ends with “yle.yahoo.net”
› Examining the HTTP headers reveals that the astrology application is powered by the ASP.NET technology
› Trying to directly access the “app_code” directory on that server (“forceful browsing”) yields the following error
message:
Report #15, January 2013 5
6. Hacker Intelligence Initiative, Monthly Trend Report
This error message tells us:
• The “app_code” directory exists on the server, although we are not allowed to view its content as it resides on a
“hidden segment.”
• The physical path of this directory (C:webcorpastroyogi.com_newastroyogi_revampYahooV2
app_code) conforms with our hint on the source file location.
Although we cannot be absolutely sure that this is indeed the application reported as hacked by the hackers, in the face of
such evidence, we feel confident to assume with a great deal of certainty that it is.
3.2 Understanding the Relationship Between Yahoo! and AstroYogi.com
As the clues suggested, the vulnerable application was not developed by Yahoo! programmers, but by AstroYogi.com
developers. AstroYogi.com is, as stated on its Website, “the leading astrology portal in India...formed co-branded channel
alliances with internationally recognized brands such as MSN, Yahoo! and Google amongst others.”7
Figure 4 AstroYogi.com about page
In fact, not only that the code was not developed by Yahoo! programmers, the application itself is not even hosted on Yahoo!
servers, but on the Indian Website servers.
Figure 5 DNS Query results for in.horoscopes.lifestyle.yahoo.net
The routing of users from Yahoo! to Astroyogi.com is achieved by using a DNS alias. When the user wants to browse “in.
horoscopes.lifestyle.yahoo.net” a DNS query is sent. When a DNS server looks up the application name on yahoo.net records
and finds it is actually an alias, it replaces the name with the canonical name (in this case “yahoo.astroyogi.com”) and looks
up the new name.
http://www.astroyogi.com/aboutus.aspx
7
Report #15, January 2013 6
7. Hacker Intelligence Initiative, Monthly Trend Report
Figure 6 the application’s physical location according to its IP address
3.3 Protecting Third-Party Code
This is not the first time Yahoo! has been struggling with security issues on third-party code. Last July, a decommissioned
part of Yahoo! Voices was breached, and approximately 450,000 users’ credentials were exposed.8 According to the
hackers, the breach was enabled by a SQL injection vulnerability (union-based SQLi). Yahoo! Voices is an online publishing
application that was developed by Associated Content and later acquired by Yahoo!.9
The problem of third-party code is not limited to Yahoo! of course. Almost every Web application includes some
components that were not developed by the application programmers. Even when the application is completely home
brewed, surely its Web server and operating system are coded elsewhere.
The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) Requirement 6.6 provides two options for Web applications
protection.10 The first is to conduct a vulnerability assessment and incorporate the assessments into the software
development life cycle (SDLC). The other is to deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) in front of the Web application.
Naturally, where all the options are available, the best protection is achieved by combining all of them together. However,
with third party code, the ability to incorporate the assessments into the software development life cycle (SDLC), or simply
put fixing the code, is virtually nonexistent. Therefore, the only viable way to protect third-party code is by putting it behind
a WAF.
In this case of the third party astrology application, Yahoo! could have directed user traffic to AstroYogi.com not via DNS
alias, but with a WAF, deployed on Yahoo! environment or on the cloud as a reverse proxy and shield the application. That
way, the application would have been protected from the hacking, and Yahoo! would have spared the bad PR and the
possible abuse of its users’ privacy.
8
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-18811300
9
http://blog.imperva.com/2012/07/how-the-yahoo-voices-breach-went-down.html
10
https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/documents/information_supplement_6.6.pdf
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