general science

2. When you finish reading this
chapter, you should be able
to:
1.discuss the variety of sexual
behaviors in humans
2. tackle atypical sexual
variations, and
3. show appreciation of the
diversity of human sexual
expression.

3. • • Sexual behavior-an action with sexual
intention and context,
• Erotic-related to sexual stimulation has
something to do with the erogenous
zones
• Sexual response cycle sequence of
events from arousal to orgasm to
resolution of sexual tension
• Sexual dysfunction-a concern or
problem in any of the phases of the
sexual response cycle (eg. inability to
have an erection or orgasm, painful
intercourse).
• Copulatory behavior-selated to the
insertion of the penis to the vagina
• Paraphilia-arousal from nonliving
objects and or nonconsenting persons.

4. In earlier discussions, we mentioned
that psychology has three primary
components: affect (emotions and
feelings), cognition (thought
process) and behavior (actions).
Hence, when used as a framework in
understanding human sexuality, it is
only appropriate to explore the
diversity of behaviors relevant to our
understanding of human sexuality.

5. -- are actions that humans agree to interpret as
an expression of their sexual motivations or
intentions.
-- sexual behavior such as masturbation or the
stimulation of one's own genitals can be
considered as auto-erotic (self-directed).
Homoerotic behaviors
-- are sexual behaviors oriented to the same
sex.
Heteroerotic behaviors
-- are used to refer to sexual behaviors oriented
to the other sex.

6. Two positions in this process:
ventral- ventral position (ventris: abdomen)
-- the male and the female species are facing each
other.
ventral-dorsal position (dorsum: back)
--the abdomen of the male species is facing the
dorsum of the female species, such that insertion of
the penis to the vagina is from behind.
• There are also sexual behaviors that involve oral
stimulation of the genitals such as fellatio (oral
stimulation of the penis) or cunnilingus (oral
stimulation of the vagina). Then, there are also
sexual behaviors involving stimulation or
penetration of the anal orifice (anal sex).

7. --For heterosexual couples, one of the ultimate goals of
the sexual act is reproduction.
-- This is made possible through the fertilization of the
ovum by a sperm, which necessitates ejaculation
(release of the sperm) from the human male into the
internal reproductive system of the human female.
• Master and Johnson's Model. Masters and Johnson
(1966, 1970) proposed that the following are four
phases in the cycle:
Excitement Phase- is the first phase in the cycle.
• For the human male. goal of this phase is erection or
tumescence (the elongation and stiffening of the
penis) so that it can be efficiently inserted into the
vagina.
-- phenomenon referred to as a sex flush.

8. • For the human female, the goal of this phase is
lubrication (wetness of the vaginal orifice to facilitate
insertion of the penis).
-- Lubrication is made possible by vaginal
vasocongestion.
• At this phase, there is swelling of the glans clitoris
and the labia minora, and there are sex flushes in
breasts and chest. In both male and female humans,
heart rate increases during the excitement phase.
Platau phase
-- This phase characterized by a sustained peak in
stimulation of the organs.
• In the human male, the corona and glans penis
become enlarged and reddish.

9. Orgasm
--The Orgasm phase is the climax of the
sexual response cycle.
Resolution Phase
-- the male penis return to its normal
unerected phase, whereas the testes and the
scrotum descend.
-- In the human female, the outer and inner
reproductive organs also relax.

10. Kaplan's model (1979) sees the sexual response cycle as
having relatively independent stages. The three phases
of this model include:
Desire
- is the psychological component of the sexual
response.
Arousal
-- is the phase where the Excitement and Plateau (as
defined by Masters and Johnson) take place.
Orgasm
--is generally similar with that of the Masters and
Johnson model, except that this phase also include the
Resolution phase.

11. Some people experience difficulty or problems
in some of the sexual phases. The following are
the common sexual response dysfunctions:
• sexual desire disorder
- when an individual has low levels of desire or
has an aversion to sexual activities;
• sexual arousal disorder
- when an individual has problems in achieving
necessary physiological state for copulation (eg,
erectile dysfunction in males);

12. • orgasmic disorder
- when an individual has problems in
achieving orgasm (eg. premature ejaculation
among males; male and female orgasmic
disorders); and
• sexual pain disorders
-when there is an experience of pain during
the sexual response cycle (eg, painful erection
or dyspareunia, and vaginal spasms or
vaginismus).

13. While there are typical sexual behaviors
among humans, there are also those
behavior that are relatively atypical. They
are atypical due to any of the following
reasons:
• they ate not prevalent
• they are dangerous to self and to others,
• they are bizarre and are socially
acceptable, and
• they are distressing either to the doer or
to other people involved in the act.

14. • Among these atypical sexual behavioral
variations, which is also considered by the
APA as a disorder, is paraphilia.
Paraphilia
--is when an individual gets sexually aroused by
an object, a person, or a circumstance that are
unusual.
Paraphilic disorder
--is when the urge or act lasts for at least a
months and is a manifestation of clinically
significant distress.

15. Some of the common paraphilic disorders are
as follows:
Exhibitionism
-- pleasure from exposing one's genitals to
nonconsenting people .
Fetishism
-- arousal from non-living objects (eg, shoes,
socks, body parts;
Frotteurism
--touching or rubbing one's body or genitals to
nonconsenting people
Pedophilia
--arousal from children (prepubescent); sexual

16. Masochism
--arousal from actual suffering or humiliation;
Sexual sadism
-- arousal from actually inflicting pain to
others; transvestic
Fetishism
--(for heterosexual males only) arousal from
wearing clothing by the opposite sex during
sexual activities; and
Voyeurism
-- observing other people engaged in sexual
activities.

18. I hope you can get helpful
knowledge from this presentation.
Good luck!