The document discusses various topics related to human sexuality and sexual development, including: 1) It defines the concept of "sexual self" and discusses factors that influence sexuality such as gender identity, sexual self-esteem, and satisfaction. 2) It describes the development of secondary sex characteristics and the human reproductive system during puberty. 3) It outlines Masters and Johnson's four phase model of the human sexual response cycle - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. 4) It discusses the roles of the brain and hormones like oxytocin, testosterone, and estrogen in regulating sexual function and desire.

1. MINI GAME
4 PICS 1 WORD

12. THE SEXUAL SELF
GE1: UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

13. REPORTERS
Revilen G Bondoc
Angel T Baliscao
BEEd 1-A

14. SEX
WHAT COMES ON YOUR MIND WHEN
YOU HEARD OR READ THE WORD “SEX”?

15. WHAT IS
SEXUAL SELF?

16. SEXUAL SELF
Sexual self-concept refers to the
totality of oneself as a sexual
being, including positive and
negative concepts and feelings.

17. SEXUAL SELF
sexuality
gender identity
sexual self-esteem
sexual fantasies
sexual depression
sexual preoccupation
sexual satisfaction
predictor of contraceptive behavior

18. WHAT AMONG?
WHAT ORGAN SYSTEM IN OUR
BODY IS RESPONSIBLE FOR OUR
SEXUAL ACTIVITIES?

19. THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
-the system of organs and parts which function in reproduction
consisting in the male especially of the testes, penis, seminal vesicles,
prostate, and urethra and in the female especially of the ovaries,
fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva.
FEMALE MALE

20. WHEN DOES SECONDARY SEX
CHARACTERISTICS AND THE
HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
START TO DEVELOP?

21. DEVELOPMENT OF
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The development of reproductive system
starts as soon as the fertilization of egg.
Approximately one month after conception.
Rapid reproductive development happens
inside the mother’s womb; but when the child
is born until he/she reaches puberty, there is
little change in the reproductive system.

22. DEVELOPMENT OF
SECONDARY SEX
CHARACTERISTICS
Secondary sex characteristics are features
that appear during puberty in humans, and at
sexual maturity in other animals.
FEMALE MALE
o Enlargement of breast
o Growth of body hairs
o Start to have body curves
o Menstruation
o Labia minora, the inner lips
of the vulva, may grow
more prominent and
o
o
o
Growth of body hair
Growth of facial hair
Enlargement of larynx
(Adam's apple)
Growth spurt (height)
Increased muscle mass
and strength
Broadening of soldiers
Increased secretions of
oil and sweat glands
o
o
undergo changes in color
with the increased
stimulation related to
higher levels of estrogen.
o
o

23. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEXUAL ORGANS IN THE EMBRYO AND FETUS
The female sex considered the “fundamental” sex because if a particular chemical
prompting is absent, all fertilized eggs will develop into females. For fertilized egg to
become male, a cascade of chemical reactions must be represent initiated by single
gene in the male Y-chromosome called the SRY (Sex-determining region of the Y-
chromosome). Females do not have any Y-chromosome; hence, they do not have the
SRY gene.
The SRY gene provides instructions for making a protein called the sex-determining region Y protein. This
protein is involved in male-typical sex development, which usually follows a certain pattern based on an
individual's chromosomes. People usually have 46 chromosomes in each cell.
EGG CELL: Contains 23 chromosomes, 22 autosome, and 1 is a female sex chromosome (the X chromosome).
SPERM: Contains 23 chromosomes, 22 autosome, and 1 is a male sex chromosome (the Y chromosome).

24. FURTHER SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT OCCURS AT PUBERTY
PUBERTY
Stage of development at which individuals become sexually mature.
Puberty is separated into five
stages. The characteristics for each
stage vary for girls and boys.

25. PUBERTY STAGES
GIRLS BOYS
AGES BETWEEN 9 TO 15
AGES BETWE N 11 TO 16
AGES BETWEEN 14 TO 18
AGES BETWEEN 12 TO 19
o full height is reached
o young women are ovulating regularly
o pubic hair is filled in
o breast is full developed
o reached their full adult height
o pubic hair and genitals look like an
adult
shaving is necessity
o
o young men continue to grow past
this point, even into their twenties

26. “
EROGENOUS ZONE OF THE BODY
Areas of the body that are highly sensitive to
stimuli and are often (but not always) sexually
exciting.

27. EROGENOUS ZONES OF THE BODY
SKIN PREPUCE
FEMALE
EXTERNAL
GENITALS
PENIS
NIPPLES
PERIANIAL
SKIN LIPS

28. THE SKIN
Serves as the primary erotic stimulus. Two
types of erogenous zones exist in the skin.
NONSPECIFIC
TYPE
SPECIFIC
TYPE

29. NONSPECIFIC TYPE
v It is similar to any other portion of the
usual haired skin.
v The nerve supplying it are composed of
the usual density of dermal nerve
networks and hair-follicle networks.
v The learned and anticipated pleasurable
sensations when a stimulus is presented
in these regions produce the amplified
sensation.
v The pleasurable sensation felt from
these regions is simply an exaggerated
form of tickle.
v Examples of this type of skin are the
sides and back of the neck, the axilla
(armpit, underarm) and the sides of the
thorax (chest).

30. SPECIFIC TYPE
v It is found the mucocutaneous regions of
the body or those regions made both of
mucous membrane and of cutaneous
skin.
v These regions favor acute perception.
v These specific sites of acute are the
genital regions, including the prepuce,
penis, the female external genitalia
(vulva), the perianal skin, lips, and
nipples.

31. PREPUCE
Is the retractable fold of skin covering the tip of
the penis. Nontechnical name: foreskin. It is also
similar fold of skin covering the tip of the
clitoris.

32. PENIS
Is a male erectile organ of copulation by which
urine and semen are discharged
from the body.

33. FEMALE EXTENAL GENITALIA
•
•
•
•
•
mons pubis
clitoris
labia majora & labia minora
vaginal introitus
hymen

34. PERIANAL SKIN
Refers to the area of the body surround the
anus, and in particular the skin. The perianal skin
is very sensitive. It is also susceptible to injury
and damage.

35. LIPS
Are soft, movable, as serve as the opening for
food intake and in the articulation
of sound and speech. Human lips are designed
to be perceived by touch, and can be an
erogenous zone when used in kissing and any
other acts of intimacy.

36. NIPPLES
Are the raised region of tissue on the surface of
the breast. A recent study found
that the sensation from the nipple’s travels to
the same part of the brain as sensations from
the vagina, clitoris, and cervix.

37. UNDERSTANDING
THE HUMAN SEXUAL
RESPONSE

38. SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
Refers to the sequence of physical and
emotional occurrences when the person is
participating in a sexually stimulating
activity, such as intercourse and
masturbation.

39. WILLIAM MASTERS &
VIRGINIA JOHNSON
q Research team thatcontributed significantly to
advancing understandings of sexual behavior such
as sexual response, dysfunction, and disorders.
q Recognized for their contributions to sexual,
psychological, and psychiatric research, particularly
for their theory of four stage model of sexual
response (also known as the human sexual response
cycle).

40. FOUR PHASES OF THE HUMAN SEXUAL
RESPONSE CYCLE
EXCITEMENT PLATEAU ORGASM RESOLUTION

41. EXCITEMENT
§
§
§
§
§
Muscle tension increases.
Heart rate quickens, and breathing is accelerated.
Skin may become flushed.
Nipples become hardened erect.
Blood flow to the genitals increases, resulting in swelling of the
woman’s clitoris and labia minora (inner lips), and erection of the
man’s penis.
§
§
Vaginal lubrication begins.
The woman’s breasts become fuller and the vaginal walls begin to
swell.
§ The man’s testicles swell, his scrotum tightens, and he begins to
secreting lubricating liquid.

42. PLATEAU
§
§
The changes begun in phase 1 are intensified.
The vagina continues to swell from increase blood flow, and the
vaginal walls turn a dark purple.
§ The woman’s clitoris becomes highly sensitive (may even be
painful to touch) and retracts under the clitoral hood to avoid
direct stimulation from the penis.
§
§
§
§
The man’s testicles are withdrawn up into the scrotum.
Breathing, heart rate and blood pressure continue to increase.
Muscle spasms may begin in the feet, face, and hands.
Tension in the muscles increases.

43. ORGASM
§ This phase is the climax of the sexual response cycle. It is the
shortest of the phases and generally lasts only a few seconds.
Involuntary muscle contractions begin.
Blood pressure, heart rat, and breathing are at their highest rates,
with a rapid intake of oxygen.
Muscles in the feet spasm
There is a sudden, forceful release of sexual tension.
In women, the muscles of the vagina contract. The uterus also
undergoes rhythmic contractions.
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
In men, rhythmic contractions of the muscles at the base of the
penis result in the ejaculation of semen.
A rash or “sex flush” may appear over the entire body.

44. RESOLUTION
§
§
The body slowly returns to its normal functioning level.
The swelled and erect body parts return to their previous size and
color.
§
§
Marked by a general sense of well-being; intimacy is enhanced; and
often, fatigue sets in.
Some women can return to the orgasm phase. This allows them to
experience multiple orgasm. Men, on the other hand, need
recovery time after orgasm. This is called refractory period.

45. SEX AND THE BRAIN
SEX
- is the process of
combining male and
female genes from an
offspring.

46. ROLES OF BRAIN IN SEXUAL ACTIVITY
BRAIN
complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor
skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that
regulates our body.
1) The brain is responsible for translating the nerve impulses
sensed by the skin into pleasurable sensations.
2) It controls the nerves and muscles used in sexual activities.
3) Sexual thoughts and fantasies are theorized to lie in the
cerebral cortex, the same area used for thinking and
reasoning.
4) Emotions and feelings (which are important for sexual
behavior) are believed to originate in the limbic system.
5) The brain releases the hormones considered as the
physiological origin of sexual desire

47. HORMONES
HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY GLANDS
Oxytocin
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Vasopressin
Estrogen and progesterone

48. HYPOTHALAMUS
the most important part of the
brain for sexual functioning.
This small area at the base of the
brain has several groups of nerve
-cell bodies that
receive input from the limbic
system.

49. PUTUITARY GLAND
secretes the hormones produced
in the hypothalamus.

50. OXYTOCIN
also known as the “love hormone”
and believed to be involved in our
desire to maintain close
relationships. its is released during
sexual intercourse when orgasm is
achieved.

51. FOLLICLE-STIMULATINGHORMONE(FSH)
responsible for ovulation in
females. The National Environmental
Health Sciences in Durham, N.C,
discovered that sexual activity was
kore frequent during a woman’s
fertile time.

52. LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)
the LH is crucial in regulating the
testes in men and ovaries in
women. In men, the LH stimulates
the testes to produce
testosterone. In males,
testosterone appears to be a
major contributing factor to sexual
motivation.

53. VASOPRESSIN
involved in the male arousal phase. The
increase of vasopressin during erectile
response is believed to be directly
associated with increases motivation to
engage in sexual behavior.

54. ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE
regulate motivation to engage in
sexual behavior for females, with
estrogen increasing motivation
and progesterone decreasing it.

55. Falling in love can be a beautifully wild
experience. It is a rush of longing,
passion, and euphoria.

56. UNDERSTANDING THE CHEMISTRY OF
LUST, LOVE, AND ATTACHMENT

57. LUST
This stage is marked by physical
attraction. You want to seduce
and be seduced by your object
of affection. Lust is driven by
testosterone in men and
estrogen in women.

58. ATTRACTION
At this stage you begin to crave
your partner’s presence. You feel
excitement and energetic a you
fantasize about the things could
do together as a couple.

59. THREE CHEMICALS THAT TRIGGER
ATTRACTION
NOREPINEPHRINE DOPAMINE SEROTONIN
Responsible for the extra
surge of energy and triggers
increased heart rate, loss of
appetite, as well as the desire
to sleep. Your
body is in a more alert state
and is ready for action.
Associated with motivation
and goal-directed behavior. It
makes you pursue your object
of affection. It creates a sense
of novelty, where the person
seems exciting, special, or
unique hat you want to tell
the world his/her admirable
qualities.
Thought to cause obsessive thinking.
Low levels of serotonin
are said to be present in people with
obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCD.
A study found that those who
expressed they were in love and people
with
OCD both had less serotonin
transporter in their blood compared to
those
who did not express they were in love
and do not have OCD as well.

60. ATTACHMENT
Involves the desire to have
lasting commitment with your
significant other. At this
point, you may want to get
married and/or have children.

61. PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASPECT OF
SEXUAL DESIRE

62. SEXUAL DESIRE
• typically viewed as an interest in sexual
objects or activities.
• can be triggered by a large variety of
cues and situation, including private
thoughts, feelings, and fantasies, erotic
materials and variety of erotic
environments, situations, or social
interactions.

63. SEXUAL DRIVE
• represent a basic, biologically mediated
motivation to seek sexual activity or sex
gratification.

64. GENDER DIFFERENCES ON
SEXUAL DESIRE
Factors that influence the
notable gender difference
on sexual desire include:
One of the most notable gender differences on
sexual desire is that women place
great emphasis on interpersonal relationships as
part of the experience. Males, on the other
hand, enjoy a more casual sexual behavior.
§ Culture
§ Social Environment
§ Political Situations

65. PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF SEXUAL
BEHAVIOR MOTIVATION

66. The hypothalamus plays an important role in motivated
behaviors, and sex is no exception. Laboratory rats that
were physiologically incapable of coupling were observed
to nevertheless seek receptive females. This finding
suggested that the ability to engage in sexual behavior
and the motivation to do so may be mediated by different
systems in the brain.
Animal research suggests that limbic system structures,
such as the amygdala and nucleusaccumbens, are
especially important for sexual motivation.

67. AMYGLADA NUCLEUSACCUMBENS
the integrative center for
emotions, emotional
behavior, and motivation
also referred to as the pleasure center,
plays a role in motivation and cognitive
processing of a version. It has a
significant role in pressure to reward
and reinforcing effects, translating
emotional stimulus into behaviors.

68. THE DIVERSITY OF
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Sexual Orientation Gender Identity
§
§
define as an individual’s general sexual
disposition toward partners of the same
sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes.
§
§
refers to one’s sense being male or
female.
your deeply-held inner feelings of
whether you're female or male, both, or
neither.
is a person’s emotional and erotic
attraction toward another individual.

69. LGBTQ+
is an initialism that stands for
lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender
and queer.

70. LESBIAN GAY
• these are females who are
exclusively attracted to
women
• his can refer to males who are
exclusively attracted to any
other males. It can also refer
to anyone who is attracted to
his/her same gender.
BISEXUAL
TRANSGENDER
• someone who is
sexually/romantically
attracted to both men and
women.
• is an umbrella term for
people who do not identify
with the gender assigned to
them at birth.
+
QUEER
• The plus id there signify that
many identities are not
explicitly represented by the
letters
• umbrella term for sexual
and gender minorities that
are not heterosexual or
cisgender

71. OTHER INDENTITIES BELONG TO LGBTQ+
q Transsexual
q Questioning
q Two-spirit
q Intersex
q Asexual
q Ally
q Pansexual
q Agender
q Gender Queer
q Bigender
q Gender Variant
q Pangender

72. Sexual Orientation &
Gender Identity
Issues

73. SEXUAL
ORIENTATION

74. SEX
Is a label – male or female – that you
are assigned by a doctor at birth
based on the genitals you’re born
with and the chromosomes you have.
It goes on your birth certificate.

75. GENDER
The relations between men and women, both
perceptual and material. Gender is not determined
biologically, as a result of sexual characterization of
either women or men, but is constructed socially.

76. GENDER IDENTITY
Is one’s innermost concept of self
as male, female, a blend of both
or neither – how individuals
perceive themselves and what
they call themselves.

77. SEXUAL
ORIENTATION
Is an inherent or immutable
enduring emotional, romantic or
sexual attraction to some other
people. This attraction can be for
someone from the same sex or
someone from the opposite.

78. GENDER IDENTITY
ISSUES

79. 2
Sociocultural
Factors
influence the various issues
related to sexual orientation
and gender identity.

80. 2
Family
Influences
children’s interests, preferences,
behaviors, and overall self-concept
are strongly influenced by parental
and authority figure teachings
regarding sexual stereotypes.

81. 2
Urban Setting
large cities seem to provide a
friendlier environment for same-
gender interest to develop and be
expressed than in rural areas.

82. On the other hand, existing literature
highlighted that the challenges of rural living
for LGBTQ+ people are:
The number of gays and lesbians
residing in large cities may function
protectively to generate resiliency
among the LGBTQ+ community in
•
•
•
High level of intolerance
Limited social and institutional supports
Higher incidence of social isolation
the face of stigmatization,
discrimination, and harassment,
thus, potentially resulting in
positive consequences for their
well-being.
There are studies also encountered the
popular notion of urban versus rural living for
the LGBTQ+ - that is, rural life is actually more
beneficial to their well-being than urban life.

83. 2
HISTORY OF
SEXUAL ABUSE
previous published studies that
abused adolescents, particularly
those victimized by males, are
more likely to become homosexual
or bisexual in adulthood.

84. Sexually Transmitted Disease
• also known STI or sexually transmitted
infection.
• a disease or infection acquired through
sexual contact where the organism that
cause STD are passed on from person
to person in blood, semen, and vaginal
or any other bodily fluids
Std can also be transmitted non-sexually such as:
• Mother to infant during pregnancy
• Blood transfusion
• People sharing needles for injection

85. THERESPONSIBLEPARENTHOODAND
REPRODUCTIVEHEALTHACOF2012
o Informally known as the Reproductive Health Law or RH Law
o A law in the Philippines that guarantees access to contraceptive
methods, such as fertility control, sexual education, maternal
care.
o
o
o
Experts, academics, religious institution, and major political
figures declared support or opposition while it just a bill.
After the RH Bill was passes into law, the Supreme Court
delayed its implementation in response to challenges.
On April 8, 2014, the court ruled that the law was “not
unconstitutional” but struck down eight partially or in full.

86. Citation: Republic Act No. 10354
Enacted by: House of Representatives of the Philippines
Date enacted: December 19, 2012
Enacted by: Senate of the Philippines
Date signed: December 21, 2012
Signed by: Miriam Defensor Santiago
Date commenced: January 17, 2013

87. GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND
STRATEGIES OF
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
LAW
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES
REGIONAL
OBJECTIVES

88. REGIONAL OBJECTIVES
SPECIFIC
•
•
Improve access to full range of affordable, equitable, and high-
quality family planning and reproductive health services to
increase use rate and reduce unwanted pregnancies and
a
M
b
a
o
k
r
i
t
n
i
o
g
npsr.egnancy safer.
Support countries and areas in developing evidence-based
policies and strategies for the reduction of maternal and newborn
m
I
m
o
p
r
r
a
o
l
i
v
t
e
y
.the health and nutrition status of women of all ages,
e
G
s
e
p
n
e
d
c
e
i
ar,lly
w
o
p
m
r
e
e
g
n
n
a
a
n
n
t
d
a
h
n
e
d
a
n
l
tuhrsing women.
Integrate gender and rights considerations into health policy and
programs, especially into reproductive health and maternal health
cImarper.ove the health and nutrition status of women of all ages.
OBJECTIVES
●
●
●
Reduce by three
quarters, between
1990 and 2015, the
maternal morality
ratio
Reduce by two
thirds, between
1990 and 2015, the
under-five morality
rate.
•
•
•
•
•
To have halted by
2015 and begun to
reverse, the spread
of HIV/AIDS.

89. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
FAMILY PLANNING
Family planning allows both men and women to make informed
choices on when and if they decide to have children. Knowing both
the advantages and disadvantages of family planning methods may
help you decide what option is right for you.

90. METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION: BENEFITS OF FAMILY
PLANNING/CONTRACEPTION
ACCORDING TO THE WHO:
•
•
Long-acting reversible contraception,
such as the implant or intra uterine
device (IUD) • Prevent pregnancy-related health
risks in women
Hormonal contraception, such as the
birth control pill and the birth control
injection.
•
•
•
Reduce infant mortality
Help prevent HIV/AIDS
•
•
•
•
Barrier methods, such as condoms.
Emergency contraception
Fertility awareness
Empower people and enhance
education
•
•
Reduce adolescent pregnancies
Slow population growth
Permanent contraception, such as
vasectomy and tubal ligation

91. BENEFITS OF USING FAMILY PLANNING ACCORDING TO DOH
Mother Children
Father
• Enables her to regain
health after delivery
• Gives enough time and
opportunity to love and
provide attention to her
husband and children
• Gives more time for her
family and own personal
advancement
• Healthy mothers produce
• Lightens the burden and
responsibility in
supporting his family
• Enables him to give his
children their basic needs
(food, shelter, education,
and better future)
• Gives him time for his
family and own personal
advancement
healthy children
• Will get all the attention,
love, security, and care
they deserve
• When suffering from
illness, gives enough time
for treatment and
• When suffering from an
illness, gives enough time
for treatment and
recovery
recovery

92. DISADVANTAGES OF FAMILY PLANNING
BIRTH CONTROL
HEALTH RISKS
POSSIBILITY OF
PREGNANCY
PREGNANCY AFTER
BIRTH CONTROL
Some forms of birth controls
pose health concerns for
Some forms of birth controls
pose health concerns for
All bodies are different. There
is no way to know how long it
will take a woman to conceive,
and that is true whether you
have been using birth control
or not. The most important
thing to know about preferred
method of birth control is that
ovulation can return
women and men, such as women and men, such as
allergies to spermicides or
latex. For some women, oral
contraceptives can lead to hair
loss and weight gain, and the
use of diaphragms can lead to
urinary tract infections.
allergies to spermicides or
latex. For some women, oral
contraceptives can lead to hair
loss and weight gain, and the
use of diaphragms can lead to
urinary tract infections.
immediately. Hence, a woman
can get pregnant right away.

93. FAMILY PLANNING METHODS
NATURAL ARTIFICIAL SURGICAL
FAMILY FAMILY FAMILY
METHOD METHOD METHOD

94. Natural Family Planning Method
Natural family planning (NFP) is the method that uses he body’s natural
physiological changes symptoms to identify and infertile phases of the
menstrual cycle. Such methods are also known as fertility-based awareness
methods.
Types of natural family methods:
o Periodic abstinence (fertility awareness) method
o Use of breastfeeding or lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)
o Coitus interruptus (withdrawal or pulling out) method

95. Periodic Abstinence
Methods (Fertility
Awareness)
During the menstrual cycle, the
female hormone estrogen and
progesterone cause some observable
effects. Observation of these changes
provides a basic for periodic
abstinence methods. There are
common techniques used in periodic
abstinence methods, namely: rhythm
(calendar) method, basal body
temperature (BBT) monitoring, and
cervical mucus (ovulation) method.

96. RHYTHM (CALENDAR)
METHOD
the couple tracks the woman’s menstrual
history to predict she will ovulate. This
helps the couple determine when they will
most likely conceive.

97. BASAL BODY
TEMPERATURE
METHOD
is a contraceptive method that relies on
monitoring a woman’s basal body
temperature on daily basis.

98. CERVICAL MUSCUS
METHOD
also called the Billing’s method - as this
was devised by John and Evelyn
Billings in the 1960s, involves
examining the color and viscosity of
the cervical mucus to discover when
ovulation occurring.

99. LACTATION
AMENORRHEA METHOD
Through exclusive breastfeeding, the woman is able to
suppress ovulation. This method called lactation
amenorrhea method. However, if the infant were not
exclusively breastfeeding, after three months of exclusive
breastfeeding, a woman must choose another method of
contraception.

100. COITUS INTERRUPTUS
This is one of the oldest methods of contraception. The
couple proceeds with coitus; however, the man must
release his sperm outside of the vagina. Hence, he must
withdraw his penis the moment he ejaculates. This
method is only 75% effective because pre ejaculation
fluid that contains a few spermatozoa may cause
fertilization.

101. Artificial Family Planning Method
Hormonal contraceptives are an effective planning method that manipulates
the hormones that directly affect the normal menstrual cycle so that ovulation
will not occur.
Types of artificial family methods: o Hormonal Injections
o Intrauterine Device
o Oral Contraceptives
o Transdermal Contraceptive
Patch
o Chemical Barriers
o Diaphragm
o Cervical Cap
o Vaginal Ring o Male Condoms
o Female Condoms
o Subdermal Implants

102. Oral
Contraceptives
It is also known as the pill. Oral
contraceptives contain synthetic estrogen
and progesterone. Estrogen suppresses
ovulation while progesterone decreases the
permeability of the cervical much to limit
the sperm’s access to the ova.

103. Transdermal
Contraceptives
Patch
A transdermal patch is a medicated
adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to
deliver a specific dose of medication
through the skin and into the bloodstream.
In this case, a transdermal contraceptive
patch has a combination of both estrogen
and progesterone released into the
bloodstream to prevent pregnancy.

104. Vaginal
Ring
It is a birth control ring inserted into the
vagina and slowly releases hormone
through the vaginal wall into the
bloodstream to prevent pregnancy.

105. Subdermal
Implants
Subdermal contraceptive implants involve
the delivery of the steroid progestin from
polymer capsules or rods laced under the
ski. The hormone diffuses out slowly at a
stable, providing contraceptive
effectiveness for 1-5years.

106. Hormonal
Injections
It is a contraceptive injection given once
every three months. It typically suppresses
ovulation, keeping the ovaries from
releasing an egg. Hormonal Injections also
thickens cervical mucus to keep the sperm
from reaching the egg.

107. Intrauterine
Device
An IUD is a small, T-shaped plastic device
wrapped in copper or contains hormones.
Doctor inserts the IUD into the uterus. IUD
prevents fertilization of the egg by
damaging or killing sperm. It makes the
mucus in the cervix thick and stick, so
sperm cannot get through to the uterus. It
also keeps the lining o the uterus
(endometrium) from growing very thick
making the lining a poor place for a
fertilized egg to implant and grow.

108. Chemical
Barriers
Chemical barriers, such as spermicides,
vaginal gel and creams, and glycerin films
are also used to cause the death of the
sperm before they can enter the cervix. It
lowers the pH level of the vagina, so it will
not become conducive for the sperm.
However, these chemical barriers cannot
prevent sexually transmitted infections.

109. Diaphragm
Diaphragm are dome-shaped barrier
methods of contraception that blocks
sperms from entering the uterus. They are
made of latex 9rubber) and formed like a
shallow cup. It is filled with spermicide and
fitted over the uterine cervix.

110. Cervical Cap
A cervical cap is a silicone cup inserted in
the vagina to cover the cervix and keep
sperm out of the uterus. Spermicide is
added to the cervical cap to kill sperm that
may get inside the protective barrier.
However, this not widely used method and
few health care providers recommend this
type of contraception. The most common
side effect from using a cervical cap is
vaginal irritation. Some women also
experience an increase in the number of
bladder infections.

111. CONDOMS
MALE CONDOMS
The male condoms are a latex or synthetic
rubber sheath placed on the erect penis
before vaginal penetration to trap the
sperm during ejaculation. Condoms can
prevent STD’s.
FEMALE CONDOMS
It is thin pouch inserted into the vagina
before sex serving as protective barrier to
prevent pregnancy and protection from
STD’s, including HIV. Female condoms
create barrier that prevents bodily fluids
and semen from entering the vagina.

112. Surgical Family Planning Method
One of the effective birth control methods is the surgical method. This method
ensures conception is inhibited after the surgery.
Types of surgical family methods:
•
•
Vasectomy
Tubal ligation

113. VASECTOMY
A surgical operation wherein the tube that
carries the sperm to a man’s penis is cut. It is a
permanent male contraception method. This
produce preserves ejaculation and does not
cause impotence or erectile dysfunction since
the vasectomy does not involve anything in
the production of testosterone.

114. TUBAL LIGATION
It is a surgical procedure for female
sterilization involving severing and tying
the fallopian tube. A tubal ligation disrupts
the movement of the egg to the uterus for
fertilization and blocks sperms from
travelling up the fallopian tubes to the egg.
A tubal ligation does not affect a woman’s
menstrual cycle. A tubal ligation can be
done at any time, including after normal
childbirth or a C-section. It is possible to
reverse a tubal ligation-but reversal
requires major surgery and is not always
effective.

115. THANK
YOU!