This document summarizes information about the physical and sexual self. It discusses the male and female reproductive systems and their structures. It also covers puberty, erogenous zones, human sexual behaviors such as solitary and sociosexual acts. The physiology of the human sexual response is explained in four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Several sexually transmitted diseases are also outlined like chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, HPV, and herpes.

1. UNPACKING THE SELF:
The Physical and Sexual
Self
RAYMUND STEVE H. GAMOTIN
CHRISSA MAE C. RABANES
JERAMEA D. AGUDULO
JOSEPH Q. ANDULOG
RHONA M. BALO
RILL JEAN MAGHANOY
RIZA FAITH P. ETORMA
SIMA SUMANGCAD

2. THE PHYSICAL SELF
• Refers to the tangible aspect of the individual, the one with figure, the
one that can be seen and touched and the one that feels pain and
vulnerable to sickness.
Beauty - is the quality of being physically attractive and the qualities in a
person or a thing that give pleasure to the senses or the mind.
Body Image - how individuals perceive, think, and feel about their body
and physical appearance.

3. Appearance – refers to everything about a person that others can observe
such as height, weight, skin color, clothes, and hairstyle.
Self - Esteem – the person’s overall evaluation of his or her own worth.
Some ways to improve your body image and inner self:
• Smile a lot
• Take a good care of your health
• Dress well and be neat
• Respect individuality

4. THE SEXUAL SELF
▶ Puberty is the period of life when the reproductive organs grow to their
adult size and become functional under the influence of rising levels of
gonadal hormones ( testosterone in males and estrogen in females).
▶ In males, as they reach the age of 13, puberty is characteristics by the
increase in the size of the reproductive organs followed by the appearance of
hair in the pubic area, axillary, and face. The reproductive organs continue
to grow for two years until sexual maturation marked by the presence of
mature semen in the testes.
▶ In females, the budding of their breasts usually occurring at the age of 11
signals their puberty stage. Menarche is the first menstrual period of females
which happens two years after the start of puberty.

5. MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

6. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Male External Structure
1. Scrotum – rugated, skin-covered
muscular pouch suspended in the penis.
2. Penis – the cylindrical mass of erectile
tissue in the shaft of penis.
3. Testes – two ovoid glands that rest in the
scrotum. It produces testosterone and
seminiferous tubules that generate
spermatozoa.

7. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Male Internal Structure
1. Vas Deferens – external hollow tube that carries
the sperm from the epididymis to the inguinal
canal. Sperm maturation is also achieved here.
2. Ejaculatory duct – formed by the fusion of vas
deferens and seminal vesicles.
3. Seminal Vesicles – two convuluted pouches
secrete viscous alkaline liquids rich in sugar,
protein, and prostaglandin.

8. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Male Internal Structure
4. Prostate Gland – a chestnut-sized gland that
produces thin, alkaline fluid that protects sperm by
increasing the normal low PH level of urethra.
5. Urethra – a hollow tube emerging from the base
of the bladder that continues outside through the
shaft and the glands of the penis.

9. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Female Internal Structure
1. Ovary - are found in the lower abdomen near to
and on both sides of the uterus. The role of the
two ovaries is to develop, mature and release
ova (the egg cells).
2. Fallopian tube - emerge from each of the upper
corners of the uterine body and stretch outward
and backward. The purpose is to move the
ovum from the ovaries to the uterus and to
provide a place for the fertilization of the ovum
by sperm.

10. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Female Internal Structure
3. Uterus - a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ
in the lower pelvis, posterior to the bladder, and
anterior to the rectum. It provides a place for
implantation and nourishment and protection for
the developing fetus.
4. Vagina - empty, Musculo membranous canal
placed at the rear of the bladder and at the front of
the rectum. It serves as an organ of intercourse
and to carry sperm to the cervix so that the sperm
can enter the ova in the fallopian tube.

11. Diseases Associated with the
Reproductive System
▶ Infections are the most common problems associated with the reproductive
system in adults.
▶ Vaginal infections are more common in young and elderly women and
in those whose resistance to diseases is low.
▶ The usual infection include those caused by Escherichia coli which
spread through the digestive tract; the sexually transmitted microorganism
such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and herpes virus and yeast.
▶ Vaginal infections that are left untreated may spread throughout the female
reproductive tract and may cause pelvic inflammatory disease and sterility.
▶ Problems that involve painful or abnormal menses may also be due to
infection or hormone imbalance.

12. Diseases Associated with the Reproductive
System
▶ In males, the most common inflammatory conditions are prostatitis, urethritis,
and epididymitis, all of which may follow sexual contacts in which sexually
transmitted disease (STD) micro organism are transmitted.
▶ Neoplasms are a major threat to reproductive organs. Tumors of breast and
cervix are the most common reproductive cancers in adult females, and
prostate cancer is a widespread problem in adult males.
▶ Menopause- an event in which ovulation and menses stop entirely, ending
childbearing ability.
▶ There is no counterpart for menopause in males. Although aging men show a
steady decline in testosterone secretion, their reproductive capability seems
unending.

13. Erogenous Zones
▶ Erogenous zones refer to parts of the body that are primarily
receptive and increase sexual arousal when touch in a sexual manner.
▶ Some of the commonly erogenous zones are the mouth, breast,
genitals, and anus. Inner wrist, nape of the neck, scalp, feet, and earlobe are
also other examples of erogenous zones.
▶ Erogenous zones may vary from one person to another. Some people may
enjoy being touched in a certain area more than the other areas. Other
common areas of the body that can be aroused easily may include the
neck, thighs, abdomen, and feet.

15. Human Sexual Behavior
▶ Human sexual behavior is defined as an activity-
solitary, between two persons, or in a group- that
induces sexual arousal.
▶ There are two major factors that
determine human sexual behavior: the
inherited sexual response patterns that have
evolved as a means of ensuring reproduction
and that become part of each individual’s
genetic inheritance, and the degree of restraint or
other types of influence exerted on the individual
by society in the expression of his sexuality.

16. Types of Behavior
▶ The various types of human sexual behavior are usually classified according
to the gender and number of participants.
▶ There is solitary behavior involving only one individual, and there is
sociosexual behavior involving more than one person.
▶ Sociosexual behavior is generally divided into heterosexual behavior (male
with female) and homosexual behavior (male with male or female to female).
▶ If three or more individuals are involved, it is, possible to have heterosexual
and homosexual activity simultaneously.

17. Solitary Behavior
▶ Self-gratification means self-stimulation that leads to sexual arousal and
generally, sexual climax. Usually, most self-gratification takes place in private
as a end in itself, but can also be done in a sociosexual relationship.
▶ Self-gratification, generally beginning at or before puberty, is very
common among young
males, but becomes less frequent or is abandoned when sociosexual activity is
available.
▶ Consequently, self-gratification is most frequent among the unmarried. There
are more males who perform acts of self-gratification than females.
▶ The challenge is to develop self-control in order to balance suppression and
free expression. Adolescents need to control their sexual response in order
to prevent premarital sex and acquire STD.

18. Sociosexual Behavior
▶ Heterosexual behavior is the greatest amount of sociosexual behavior
that occurs between only one male and one female. It usually begins in
childhood and may be motivated by curiosity, such as showing or examining
genitalia.
▶ Physical contact involving necking or petting is considered as an ingredients
of the learning process and eventually of courtship and the selection of a
marriage partner.
▶ Petting differs from hugging, kissing, and generalized caresses of the
clothed body to practice involving stimulation of the genitals. Petting may be
done as an expression of affection and a source of pleasure, preliminary in
coitus.

19. Coitus
▶ The insertion of the male reproductive structure into the female reproductive
organ, is viewed by society quite differently depending upon the marital status
of the individuals.
▶ Majority of human societies allow premarital coitus, at least under certain
circumstances.
▶ A behavior may be interpreted by society or the individual as erotic (capable
of engendering sexual response) depending on the context in which the
behavior occurs. For instance, a kiss may be interpreted as a gesture of
expression or intimacy between couples while others may interpret it as a form
of respect or reverence.

20. Physiology of Human Sexual Response
▶sexual response follows a pattern of sequential stages or phases
when sexual activity is continued.
• According to William Masters and Virginia Johnson on their
published work in 1966, the human sexual response has a cycle with
four stages namely excitement; plateau; orgasm; and resolution.

21. 1. Excitement Phase
▶ It is caused by increase in pulse and
blood pressure; a sudden rise in blood
supply to the surface of the body
resulting in increased skin temperature,
flushing, and swelling of all distensible
body parts, more rapid breathing, the
secretion of genital fluids, vaginal
expansion, and a general increase in
muscle tension.

22. 2. Plateau Phase
▶ It is generally of brief duration. If
stimulation is continued, orgasm usually
occurs.
• In a woman, the clitoris is pulled forward and
retracts under the clitoral prepuce; the lower
part of the vagina become highly congested
(formation of the orgasmic platform) and the
elevation of the nipple is increased.

23. 3. Orgasm
▶ It is marked by a feeling of abrupt, intense
pleasure, a rapid increase in pulse rate and blood
pressure, and spasms of the pelvic muscles causing
contractions of the female reproductive organ and
ejaculation by the male.
▶ It is also when the body suddenly discharges
accumulated sexual tension. .
▶ In men, the muscle contractions around the
semen vessels and the prostate project semen
into the proximal urethra. These contractions
are immediately followed by three to seven
propulsive ejaculatory contraction

24. 4. Resolution Phase
▶ It is the last stage that refers to the return
to a normal or subnormal physiologic state.
Males and females are similar in their
response sequence. Whereas males
return to normal even if stimulation
continues, but continued stimulation can
produce additional orgasms in females.
Females are physically capable of
repeated orgasms without the intervening
“rest period” required by males.

25. Nervous System Factors
• The nervous system plays a role during sexual response in which, the
autonomic system is involved in controlling the involuntary responses. The
efferent cerebrospinal nerves transmit the sensory images to the brain.
• The brain will interpret the sensory message and dictate what will be the
immediate and appropriate response of the body. Then the cerebrospinal nerves
receive commands from the brain and send them to the muscles.
• The muscles contract in response to the signal coming from the motor nerve
fibers.
•The reflex is mediated by the lower spinal cord and leads to erection and
ejaculation for males.

26. Sexual Problems
• It can be classified as physiological, psychological, and social in origin.
• A small number of people suffered from physiological problems that are due to
abnormal development of the genitalia some common examples include vaginal
infections, retroverted uteri, prostatitis, adrenal tumors, and more.
• Psychological problems are caused by socially induced inhibitions, maladaptive
attitudes, ignorance, and sexual myths held by society. Example is the belief that
good mature sex must involve rapid erection, prolonged coitus, and
simultaneous orgasm.

27. Sexual Problems
• Moreover, ejaculatory impotence results from the inability to ejaculate in coitus,
is uncommon and usually of psychogenic origin. It appears to be associated with
ideas of contamination of memories and traumatic experience.
• Vaginismus is a strong spasm of the pelvic musculature constricting the female
reproductive organ so that penetration is painful or impossible. It can be due to
anti-sexual conditioning or psychological trauma that serves as an unconscious
defense against coitus.

28. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• The word sexually transmitted disease (STD) is used to refer to a infection that
is transferred from one person to another through sexual contact. You may have
STD contracted by having unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone
who has STD.
• STD can also be referred to as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or a
venereal disease (VD).
• Infections can also be spread by sharing the needles and breastfeeding,
depending on the specific STD.

29. • Moreover, STDs can to long-term health problems, such as pelvic inflammatory
disease, infertility, tubal or ectopic pregnancy, cervical cancer, and more.
• AIDS is caused by HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The virus attacks the
immune system making the individual more prone to infections and other
diseases. The virus usually targets the T-cells (CD4 cells) of the immune system.
• There are other sexually transmitted diseases aside from AIDS and HIV:

30. 1. Chlamydia
Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia
trachomatis and is a very common sexually transmissible
infection (STI). It is often called the ‘silent infection’
because most people do not realise they have it.
It can affect women and men of all ages, but most
frequently occurs in young people (under 25) who
regularly change sexual partners.
Chlamydia is spread by having unprotected sex of any
kind with an infected person.

31. 1. Chlamydia
• Many people with chlamydia have no noticeable
symptoms. When symptoms do develop, they often
include:
•pain or discomfort during sex or urination
•green or yellow discharge from the penis or vagina
•pain in the lower abdomen

32. 2. Gonorrhea or “The Clap”
Is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused
by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium.
It infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive
tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in
women, and the urethra in women and men.
Some symptoms may include:
a white, yellow, beige, or green-colored
discharge from the penis or vagina
pain or discomfort during sex or urination
more frequent urination than usual
itching around the genitals
sore throat

33. 3. Syphillis
• A sexually transmitted infectious (STI) disease
caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. This
bacterium causes infection when it gets into broken
skin or mucus membranes, usually of the genitals.
The first symptom to appear is a small round sore,
known as a chancre. It can develop on your genitals,
anus, or mouth. It’s painless but very infectious.
Later symptoms of syphilis can include:
rash joint pain
fatigue weight loss
fever hair loss

34. 4. Chancroid
• Is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI)
caused by infection with Haemophilus ducreyi. It is
characterized by painful necrotizing genital ulcers that
may be accompanied by inguinal
lymphadenopathy. [1] It is a highly contagious but
curable disease.
The symptoms are that it begins as a tender,
elevated bump, or papule, that becomes a pus-filled,
open sore with eroded or ragged edges. It is also soft
to the touch. Painful lymph glands may occur in the
groin, usually only on one side; however, they can
occur on both sides.

35. 5. Human Papillomavirus
It’s the most common sexually transmitted
infection. HPV is usually harmless and goes away by
itself, but some types can lead to cancer or genital
warts.
It can infect your genital area such as vulva,
vagina, cervix, rectum, anus, penis, and scrotum, as
well as your mouth and throat. These kinds of HPV are
spread during sexual contact.

36. 6. Herpes
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), known as
herpes, is a common infection that can cause
painful blisters or ulcers. It primarily spreads by
skin-to-skin contact. It is treatable but not curable.
Symptoms can include painful, recurring
blisters or ulcers. New infections may cause fever,
body aches and swollen lymph nodes.
Symptoms may be different during the first
episode (or ‘outbreak’) of infection than during a
recurrent episode. If symptoms occur, they often
begin with tingling, itching or burning near where
the sores will appear.

37. 7. Trichomonas Vaginalis
Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted
infection caused by a parasite. In women, trichomoniasis
can cause a foul-smelling vaginal discharge, genital
itching and painful urination. Pregnant women who have
trichomoniasis might be at higher risk of delivering their
babies prematurely.
In women, trichomoniasis signs and symptoms
include large amount of a thin, often foul-smelling
discharge from the vagina which might be clear, white,
gray, yellow or green,Genital redness, etc. In men, they
have signs and symptoms that include itching or irritation
inside the penis and burning with urination or after
ejaculation

38. Natural And Artificial Methods of Contraception
Natural Method
This does not involve any chemical or foreign body introduction into the
body. People that are conscious with religious beliefs are more inclined to use
the natural way of birth control because it is cost-effective.
a. Abstinence
It involves refraining from sexual intercourse and is the most effective
natural birth control method with no fail rate. It is considered to be the most
effective way to avoid STI’s (Sexually Transmitted Infections).

39. b. Calendar Method
It is also called the rhythm method. It entails
withholding from coitus during the days that the woman is
fertile. According to the menstrual cycle, the woman is
likely to conceive 3 to 4 days before and 3 or 4 days after
ovulation.

40. c. Basal Body Temperature
The basal body temperature (BBT) indicates the
woman's temperature at rest. Before the day of ovulation
and during ovulation, BBT falls at 0.5°F; it increases to
a full degree because of progesterone and maintains its
level throughout the menstrual cycle.
d. Cervical Mucus Method
The change in the cervical mucus during ovulation is the
basis for this method. During ovulation, the cervical
mucus is copious, thin, and watery. It also exhibits the
property of spinnbarkeit, wherein it can be stretched up
until at least 1 inch and is slippery.

41. e. Symptothermal Method
The symptothermal method is basically a combination of
the BBT method and the cervical mucus method. The
woman records her temperature every morning and also
takes note of changes in her cervical mucus. She should
abstain from coitus three days after a rise in her
temperature or on the fourth day after the peak of a mucus
change.
f. Ovulation Detection
The ovulation detection method uses an over-the-counter
kit that requires the urine sample of the woman. The kit can
predict ovulation through the surge of luteinizing hormone
(LH) that happens 12 to 24 hours before ovulation.

42. g. Coitus Interruptus
Coitus Interruptus is one of the oldest methods that
conception A couple still goes on with coitus, but the
man withdraw the moment he ejaculates to emit the
spermatozoa outside of the female reproductive organ.
Artificial Methods
a. Oral Contraceptives
Also known as the pill, oral contraceptives
contain synthetic estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen
suppresses the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
and LH to prevent ovulation. Moreover, progesterone
decreases the permeability of the cervical mucus to
limit the sperm's access to the ova.

43. b. Transdermal Patch
The transdermal patch contains both estrogen and
progesterone. The woman should apply one patch every
week for three weeks on the following areas upper outer
arm, upper torso, abdomen, or buttocks. At the fourth
week, no patch is applied because the menstrual flow
would then occur.
c. Vaginal Ring
The vaginal ring releases a combination of estrogen and
progesterone and it surrounds the cervix. This silicon ring
is inserted into the female reproductive organ and
remains there for three weeks and then removed on the
fourth week, as menstrual flow would occur. The woman
becomes fertile as soon as the ring is removed.

44. d. Subdermal Implants
Subdermal implants are two rod-like
implants inserted under the skin of the female
during her menses or on the seventh day of her
menstruation to make sure that she will not get
pregnant. The implants are made with
etonogestrel, desogestrel, and progestin and
can be helpful for three to five years.
e. Hormonal Injections
A hormonal injection contains
medroxyprogesterone, a progesterone, and is
usually given once every 12 weeks
intramuscularly. The injection causes changes
in the endometrium and cervical mucus and can
help prevent ovulation.

45. f. Intrauterine Device
An Intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-
shaped objed containing progesterone that is
inserted into the uterus via the female reproductive
organ. It prevents fertilization by creating a local
steril inflammatory condition to prevent implantation
of the zygote.
g. Chemical Barriers
Chemical barriers such as spermicides,
vaginal gels and creams and glycerin films are used
to cause the death of sperms before they can enter
the cervix and to lower the pH level of the female
reproductive organ so it will not become conducive
for the sperm,

46. h. Diaphragm
It is a circular, rubber disk that fits the
cervix and should be placed before coitus.
Diaphragm works by inhibiting the entrance of
the sperm into the female reproductive organ and
it works better when used together with a
spermicide.
i. Cervical Cap
The cervical cap is made of soft rubber
and fitted on the rim of the cervix. It is shaped
like a thimble with a thin rim, and could stay in
place for not more than 48 hours.

47. j. Male Condoms
The male condom is a latex or synthetic
rubber sheath that is placed on the erect male
reproductive organ before penetration into the
female reproductive organ to trap the sperm
during ejaculation. It can prevent STIs (Sexually
Transmitted Infections) and can be bought over-
the-counter.
K. Female Condoms
Female condoms are made up of latex
rubber sheaths that are pre-lubricated with They
are usually bound by two rings. The outer ring is
first inserted against the opening of the female
reproductive organ and the inner ring covers the
cervix.

48. ll. Surgical Methods
During vasectomy, a small incision is made
on each side of the scrotum. The vas deferens is
then tied, cauterized, cut, or plugged to block the
passage of the sperm. The patient is advised to
use a backup contraceptive method until two
negative sperm count results are recorded
because the sperm could remain viable in the vas
deferens for six months.

49. Lesson 2: To Buy or Not to Buy? That Is the
Question!
We are living in a world of sale and shopping spree and given a wide array
of products to purchase from a simple set of spoon and fork to owning restaurant.
Part of us wants to have that product.
What makes us want t have those products are connected with who we
are. What we want to have and already possess is related to our self
Belk (1988) stated that we regard our possessions as parts of our selves
We are what we have and what we possess." There is a direct link between self-
identity with what we have and possess. Our wanting to have and possess has a
connection with another aspect of the self, the material self.

50. The material self, according to James primarily is about our bodies,
clothes, immediate family, and home. We are deeply affected by these things
because we have put much investment of our self to them.

51. The innermost part of our material self is our body, Intentionally, we are
investing in our body. We are directly attached to this commodity that we cannot
live without. We strive hard to make sure that this body functions well and good.
Any ailment or disorder directly affects us. We do have certain preferential
attachment or intimate closeness to certain body parts because of its value to us
Next to our body are the clothes we use. James believed that clothing is
an essential part of the material self. The fabric and style of the clothes we wear
bring sensations to the body to which directly affect our attitudes and behavior.
Thus, clothes are placed in the second hierarchy of material self. Clothing is a
form of self-expression We choose and wear clothes that reflect our self.

52. Third in the hierarchy is our immediate family. Our parents and siblings
hold another great important part of our self. What they do or become affects us.
When an immediate family member dies, part of our self dies, too. In their
failures, we are put to shame or guilt.
When they are in disadvantage situation, there is an urgent urge to help
like a voluntary instinct of saving one's self from danger. We place huge
investment in our immediate family when we see them as the nearest replica of
our self.

53. The fourth component of material self is our home. Home is where the
heart is It is the earliest nest of our selfhood. Our experiences inside the home
were recorded and marked on particular parts and things in our home.
It is an extension of self, because in it, we can directly connect our self.
Having investment of self to things, made us attached to those things. The more
investment of self-given to the particular thing, the more we identify ourselves to
it. We also tended to collect and possess properties.

54. We Are What We Have
Russel Belk (1988) posits that we regard our possessions as part of
ourselves. “We are what we have and what we posses." The identification of the
self to things started in our infancy stage when we make a distinction among self
and environment and others who may desire our possessions
As we grow older, putting importance to material possession decreases
However, material possession gains higher value in our lifetime if we use material
possession to find happiness.
The possessions that we dearly have tell something about who we are,
our self-concept, our past, and even our future.