Lesson 5 Old Regime and the Enlightenment
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The document discusses the Enlightenment period and 18th century society in France. It describes how the Enlightenment emphasized reason over faith and rejected emotion, the supernatural, and myth. It also discusses the class structure of 18th century French society, including aristocrats, the middling order, and peasants. It provides details on education, birth, and lifestyle improvements for children during this period.
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This document justifies the payment of tithes to the Church. It states that according to divine and human law, God's people owe 10% of all fruits from the land to sustain the Church's ministers. The Bishop then orders all people in his diocese, regardless of status, to pay tithes in full and without hiding anything, under threat of excommunication. Tithes were owed on all grains, fruits, vegetables, poultry and livestock, as God provides all things and deserves a share of everything.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE ANCIENT REGIME
The document provides an overview of 18th century European society, economy, politics, and culture. It describes the stratified social structure consisting of privileged and non-privileged estates. The privileged estates such as nobility and clergy had special rights and did not have to work, while the non-privileged estates like peasants and bourgeoisie worked and paid taxes. Absolute monarchy grew stronger during this period, though England established a parliamentary monarchy. The Enlightenment era saw new ideas challenging traditional religious authority and justifying more rational and representative forms of government.
Ancien regime i
The Ancien Regime was the social, political, and economic system that existed in Europe prior to the French Revolution. It was characterized by [1] a low-growth agrarian economy with a rigid social hierarchy, [2] absolute monarchies that centralized power, and [3] the estates system that divided society into privileged and unprivileged groups. In contrast, England developed a parliamentary monarchy that limited the king's power through institutions like the Magna Carta and Bill of Rights, establishing a model of governance that later influenced revolutionary ideas.
Unit 1 ANCIENT REGIME
The document discusses the political, economic, and social systems in Europe prior to the Enlightenment period, known as the Ancien Régime. Under the Ancien Régime, most European kingdoms were absolute monarchies where the king had divine right to rule. Society was divided into estates and the economy was based on subsistence farming and colonial trade. The Enlightenment challenged the ideas and institutions of the Ancien Régime through philosophers who advocated for reason, tolerance, and natural rights. Some monarchs adopted Enlightenment ideals through reforms while maintaining absolute power. Inspired by Enlightenment thinking, the American colonies declared independence from Britain and established a democratic republic with a constitution protecting individual liberties
The Old Regime. The Enlightenment
The document discusses the political, economic, and social systems of 18th century Europe under the Old Regime. Politically, it describes the systems of absolute and parliamentary monarchy. Economically, it outlines the mercantilist system and agrarian economy dominated by subsistence farming. Socially, it addresses the stratified society of the estates of nobility, clergy, and commoners. The Enlightenment ideas challenged these systems by advocating reason, liberty, and progress.
Ancien regime
The Ancient Regime was the social, political, and economic system that existed in Europe before the French Revolution during the Early Modern Age. It was characterized by a primarily agrarian economy with a feudal system of land ownership. The population grew slowly due to high mortality rates. The economy was based on subsistence farming, craft industries with little machinery, and triangular trade of slaves, raw materials, and manufactured goods between Africa, America, and Europe. In the 18th century, Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau spread liberal ideas that questioned the Ancient Regime and influenced the French Revolution.
Ancien regime ii
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The document discusses the Ancien Régime and its transformation during the 18th century. It describes the key elements of the Ancien Régime, including the estates system, absolute monarchy, and agrarian economy. During the 18th century, Enlightenment ideas spread across Europe and challenged the existing social and political order. Enlightenment thinkers advocated for reason, equality, liberty and separation of powers. Their ideas later inspired revolutions and helped transform the Ancien Régime.
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This document justifies the payment of tithes to the Church. It states that according to divine and human law, God's people owe 10% of all fruits from the land to sustain the Church's ministers. The Bishop then orders all people in his diocese, regardless of status, to pay tithes in full and without hiding anything, under threat of excommunication. Tithes were owed on all grains, fruits, vegetables, poultry and livestock, as God provides all things and deserves a share of everything.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE ANCIENT REGIME
The document provides an overview of 18th century European society, economy, politics, and culture. It describes the stratified social structure consisting of privileged and non-privileged estates. The privileged estates such as nobility and clergy had special rights and did not have to work, while the non-privileged estates like peasants and bourgeoisie worked and paid taxes. Absolute monarchy grew stronger during this period, though England established a parliamentary monarchy. The Enlightenment era saw new ideas challenging traditional religious authority and justifying more rational and representative forms of government.
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The document discusses the political, economic, and social systems in Europe prior to the Enlightenment period, known as the Ancien Régime. Under the Ancien Régime, most European kingdoms were absolute monarchies where the king had divine right to rule. Society was divided into estates and the economy was based on subsistence farming and colonial trade. The Enlightenment challenged the ideas and institutions of the Ancien Régime through philosophers who advocated for reason, tolerance, and natural rights. Some monarchs adopted Enlightenment ideals through reforms while maintaining absolute power. Inspired by Enlightenment thinking, the American colonies declared independence from Britain and established a democratic republic with a constitution protecting individual liberties
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The document discusses the political, economic, and social systems of 18th century Europe under the Old Regime. Politically, it describes the systems of absolute and parliamentary monarchy. Economically, it outlines the mercantilist system and agrarian economy dominated by subsistence farming. Socially, it addresses the stratified society of the estates of nobility, clergy, and commoners. The Enlightenment ideas challenged these systems by advocating reason, liberty, and progress.
Ancien regime
The Ancient Regime was the social, political, and economic system that existed in Europe before the French Revolution during the Early Modern Age. It was characterized by a primarily agrarian economy with a feudal system of land ownership. The population grew slowly due to high mortality rates. The economy was based on subsistence farming, craft industries with little machinery, and triangular trade of slaves, raw materials, and manufactured goods between Africa, America, and Europe. In the 18th century, Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau spread liberal ideas that questioned the Ancient Regime and influenced the French Revolution.
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The 18th century saw the transformation of the basic structures of the Ancien Régime in Europe. One of the main developments was the Enlightenment, a change in thinking supported by intellectuals who criticized the traditions and superstitions of the past. Enlightenment thinkers promoted the use of reason and believed in natural rights like liberty, equality and property rights. Their ideas began to spread through salons and the publication of the Encyclopaedia. Some European monarchs adopted these ideas to become "Enlightened despots," combining absolute rule with Enlightenment reforms to modernize their nations through centralized governments and Enlightened ministers and advisors.
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The document discusses the Ancien Régime and its transformation during the 18th century. It describes the key elements of the Ancien Régime, including the estates system, absolute monarchy, and agrarian economy. During the 18th century, Enlightenment ideas spread across Europe and challenged the existing social and political order. Enlightenment thinkers advocated for reason, equality, liberty and separation of powers. Their ideas later inspired revolutions and helped transform the Ancien Régime.
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The document provides an overview of the 18th century and the Age of Enlightenment in Europe. It discusses the Old Regime political system and the emergence of Enlightenment ideas. Key Enlightenment thinkers promoted the use of reason to advance knowledge and reform society. They criticized the Old Regime for upholding traditional beliefs and being an obstacle to progress. Enlightened despots across Europe sought to modernize their countries by combining absolute rule with Enlightenment principles of reform through education and laws.
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The document provides an overview of the Age of Revolutions in Europe from the late 1700s through the early 1800s. It summarizes key events and developments including:
1) The causes of the French Revolution including debt, unfair taxation, Enlightenment ideas, and food shortages.
2) Major events of the French Revolution from the storming of the Bastille to the Reign of Terror and establishment of the Directory.
3) Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power and establishment of the French Empire, his military conquests across Europe, and reforms in France before his eventual defeat.
4) The Congress of Vienna and restoration of absolutism following Napoleon, as well as the rise of
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2.1 social structure in the old regime
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1) Absolute monarchs claimed unlimited power that was believed to be granted by God. They could make and change laws without limits.
2) In the 17th century, as wars increased taxes and unrest, many monarchs strengthened their power and tightly controlled aspects of society and the economy to impose order.
3) Louis XIV ruled France as an absolute monarch for over 50 years, but his expensive wars and lifestyle left France in deep debt by the time of his death.
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The document describes the characteristics of the Old Regime in Europe during the 18th century, which included aristocratic elites with inherited legal privileges, established churches related to the state and aristocracy, an urban workforce organized into guilds, rural peasants subject to high taxes and feudal dues, tradition, hierarchy, corporate feeling, and privilege. The Old Regime was characterized by a stratified social order with the aristocracy in power.
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1) Prior to the Scientific Revolution, most Europeans believed in the geocentric model that the Earth was at the center of the universe.
2) Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Newton helped establish the heliocentric model through observations, experiments, and mathematical laws.
3) The Scientific Revolution established the modern scientific method and fundamentally changed how people understood the universe.
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The document provides an overview of the 18th century and the Age of Enlightenment in Europe. It discusses the Old Regime political system and the emergence of Enlightenment ideas. Key Enlightenment thinkers promoted the use of reason to advance knowledge and reform society. They criticized the Old Regime for upholding traditional beliefs and being an obstacle to progress. Enlightened despots across Europe sought to modernize their countries by combining absolute rule with Enlightenment principles of reform through education and laws.
The Ancien Régime
Resumen con las características esenciales del angituo régimen. La presentación está en inglés, porque está destinada para alumnos bilingües.
Contemporary age in Spain overview
A brief overview on the main social and political issues in the Spain of the XIX century. Suitable for an introductory school session in a unit
The age of the liberal revolutions
The document provides an overview of the Age of Revolutions in Europe from the late 1700s through the early 1800s. It summarizes key events and developments including:
1) The causes of the French Revolution including debt, unfair taxation, Enlightenment ideas, and food shortages.
2) Major events of the French Revolution from the storming of the Bastille to the Reign of Terror and establishment of the Directory.
3) Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power and establishment of the French Empire, his military conquests across Europe, and reforms in France before his eventual defeat.
4) The Congress of Vienna and restoration of absolutism following Napoleon, as well as the rise of
U4. crisis of the old regime in spain
1) The 19th century was a period of transformation for Spain as the political, economic, and social structures of the Old Regime disappeared and were replaced by a liberal system.
2) This change brought instability like civil wars and military coups. The economy began to modernize but more slowly than other countries, and Spain remained largely agrarian.
3) The process to achieve democracy in Spain was long and turbulent, including periods of absolutism under King Ferdinand VII and the establishment of the first Spanish constitution in 1812 known as "La Pepa" during the War of Independence against Napoleon's occupation.
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The document summarizes the social and political structure of 18th century Europe, known as the Old Regime or Ancien Regime. Society was divided into estates, with the first estate being clergy, the second estate being nobility, and the third estate being everyone else. The third estate faced heavy taxation and other burdens. England resisted the development of absolute monarchy to some degree, limiting royal power, though various kings still attempted to rule without Parliament. In the 1700s, the Enlightenment challenged traditional institutions through the application of reason and the ideas of progress, equality, and education of the people.
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2.1 social structure in the old regime
France before the revolution had an absolute monarchy with a rigid social hierarchy consisting of three estates. The first estate was the clergy who owned 10% of the land and did not have to pay taxes. The second estate was the nobility who had special privileges like not having to pay most taxes or work. The third estate comprised over 98% of the population but had to pay heavy taxes and do mandatory work. Peasants made up most of the third estate and lived in poverty, often causing riots during times of famine. The king had absolute power and could make laws and spend money without input from the people.
Unit 3 the transformation of the ancien régime
The document discusses the intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment during the 18th century. Supporters of the Enlightenment used reason and science to critique the traditional structures of the Ancien Regime and proposed new ideas centered around principles like reason, equality, and liberty. Enlightened despots in Europe and America tried to enact political reforms peacefully through education and new laws. During this time, the American colonists declared independence from Britain and the Bourbons rose to power in Spain following the War of the Spanish Succession.
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The document provides background information on the 18th century and the Age of Enlightenment. It discusses how the 18th century marked a transition period between the modern age and contemporary age. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that emerged in France and emphasized the use of reason to improve society and advance human happiness and progress. Key Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot are discussed and their major ideas summarized, such as Montesquieu's advocacy for separation of powers and Rousseau's concept of popular sovereignty. The document also examines political, economic, and social changes in Europe during this time period, including the growth of economic liberalism and liberal ideas
Absolutism pp
1) Absolute monarchs claimed unlimited power that was believed to be granted by God. They could make and change laws without limits.
2) In the 17th century, as wars increased taxes and unrest, many monarchs strengthened their power and tightly controlled aspects of society and the economy to impose order.
3) Louis XIV ruled France as an absolute monarch for over 50 years, but his expensive wars and lifestyle left France in deep debt by the time of his death.
Spain(19 20 centuries)
The document summarizes the history of Spain from the late 19th century to the establishment of democracy in the late 1970s. It discusses the establishment of the First Republic in 1873 and its overthrow in 1874. It then covers the Bourbon Restoration monarchy, the loss of colonies, the Spanish Civil War and Franco's dictatorship. Finally, it discusses the transition to democracy after Franco's death, led by Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez.
Unit 2. ancien regime
The early modern age began in 1492 with the discovery of America and ended in 1789 with the French Revolution. This period saw the establishment of the Ancien Regime as discoveries and conquests increased economic and cultural exchange. Monarchies grew stronger as nobility held social power and the bourgeoisie gained economic influence. Art flourished through the Renaissance and Baroque periods reflecting social changes like the growth of humanism.
4. Industrial Revolution and the class-based society
The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century, driven by population growth, agricultural advances, trade, and technological innovations like the steam engine. This led to the rise of factories and mechanized industry. Society became divided into social classes based on wealth rather than estates. The new working class faced long hours, low pay, unsafe conditions, and lack of rights in the new industrial cities and factories. In response, the British working class began organizing unions and political movements in the early 19th century to demand better treatment and conditions.
Unit 3 the ancien regime in crisis
The document provides an overview of the 18th century Enlightenment period in Europe and Spain. Some key ideas spread during this time included reason, science, education, equality, and liberty. Enlightenment thinkers criticized traditions and proposed political and economic reforms, though their ideas faced resistance. Examples of reforms included constitutional monarchy, separation of powers, and increased rights. Enlightened despotism developed but ultimately failed due to its retention of privileges. The American Revolution successfully established a federal republic based on Enlightenment principles of popular sovereignty and separation of powers. Spain underwent reforms under the new Bourbon dynasty including centralization of power and modernization of agriculture and craftsmanship.
U2. age of revolution
The document provides an overview of the Age of Revolution from the late 18th century to the 19th century. Key revolutions during this period include the American Revolution and revolutions in various European countries. These revolutions transformed politics, society, economics, and arts in Europe and its colonies. They brought an end to absolute monarchy and feudalism, established new nation states like Germany and Italy, and advanced ideals of nationalism, liberalism, and representative democracy. The profound changes from these revolutions mark the transition between the Modern Age and Contemporary Age in history.
U3. 17th century in europe & spain
The 17th century saw major political and military conflicts in Europe. The Thirty Years' War from 1618-1648 began as a religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire and eventually drew in most European powers. It significantly weakened the Holy Roman Empire and Spain. The subsequent Franco-Spanish War from 1648-1659 resulted in French victories over Spain and the Treaty of the Pyrenees, further reducing Spanish power. Absolute monarchy became the dominant political system in Europe during this time, exemplified by Louis XIV of France, while England established a parliamentary system that limited royal power.
The enlightenment
The document discusses the Age of Enlightenment, which was a period in the 18th century when reason and individualism dominated philosophy and art. Key figures like Locke, Newton, and Kant promoted using observation and logic to understand the world rather than relying on religious authorities. This led to new styles like Rococo art emphasizing personal experience over church dogma. Neoclassicism eventually replaced Rococo, taking inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman art which was seen as the pinnacle of reason and order. The document analyzes how the philosophies of the Enlightenment influenced artistic styles and thinking during this pivotal time of change.
Unit 15 contemporary age
The document summarizes major historical events and developments from the 18th century to today. It discusses the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, imperialism and World Wars, and more recent challenges and advances in human rights, science/technology, and daily life. Key events included the French Revolution of 1789, Britain becoming the first industrialized country in the late 18th century, and the establishment of the United Nations in 1945 after World War II.
Ch 22 The Revolution in Energy and Industry
The document summarizes the key developments of the Industrial Revolution in Britain from 1780-1860. It describes the agricultural and commercial revolutions that increased food production and profits. Inventions like the spinning jenny and steam engine automated textile production. Britain's dominance grew through coal, iron, and international trade. The factory system created prosperity but also worker misery as families lived in squalid cities. Early socialists like Marx argued for a classless system while reformers sought gradual change through unions and legislation.
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4. Industrial Revolution and the class-based society
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The Scientific Revolution V2007
1) Prior to the Scientific Revolution, most Europeans believed in the geocentric model that the Earth was at the center of the universe.
2) Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Newton helped establish the heliocentric model through observations, experiments, and mathematical laws.
3) The Scientific Revolution established the modern scientific method and fundamentally changed how people understood the universe.
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The Seven Years War was a global conflict between 1756 and 1763 that involved most of the great powers of the time. It began with a struggle between Prussia and Austria over the province of Silesia, leading to a diplomatic revolution where old alliances broke down and new ones formed. Britain and Prussia allied against France, Austria, Russia, and Sweden. Though Frederick the Great of Prussia initially achieved success on the continent, the tide turned against Prussia and Britain's victories in North America and India helped secure an eventual peace favorable to their interests with territorial gains.
Scientific revolution lesson ppt
1) The Scientific Revolution developed during the Renaissance as scientists began questioning traditional beliefs about the natural world that were based on Aristotle and the Bible.
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3) Their work established the foundations of the modern scientific method of using experimentation and evidence rather than past authorities to understand the natural world.
French Revolution
The French Revolution began on July 14, 1789 when protesters stormed the Bastille prison in Paris. This marked the start of widespread civil unrest against the absolute monarchy of King Louis XVI. Inequality, high taxes on the poor, and a financial crisis contributed to growing discontent with the existing social and political system. The Revolution led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and a declaration of rights that embraced principles of liberty, equality and popular sovereignty. However, internal divisions and war with other European nations led to increased radicalization and the rise of Maximilien Robespierre's Jacobin dictatorship during the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794. The Revolution transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a
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The French Revolution began in 1788 as King Louis XVI called the Estates-General due to France's bankrupt treasury. This led to conflict between the three estates of French society, and the formation of the National Assembly to represent citizens more equally. On July 14, 1789, the storming of the Bastille fortress by Parisians symbolized the people's growing discontent with the absolute monarchy. The Revolution then spread violence and turmoil across France as radical factions gained influence and instituted the Reign of Terror under Robespierre, sending thousands to the guillotine until his own execution in 1794. The monarchy was abolished, leaving France a democratic republic but still unstable amid conflict with other European nations.
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The document provides details about a PowerPoint presentation on the French Revolution from 1789-1799. It lists the contents covered, including causes of the revolution such as social, economic, and political causes. It describes key events like the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in France. It also discusses figures like Robespierre and the Jacobins, and the eventual fall of the Jacobin government. In 3 sentences or less: This document outlines the contents of a PowerPoint presentation about the causes and major events of the French Revolution from 1789-1799, including the formation of the National Assembly, storming of the Bastille, and establishment
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The French Revolution was sparked by growing economic and social inequality between the three estates. The Third Estate, which represented the common people, bore the tax burden but had little political power. They rebelled in 1789, storming the Bastille and forcing King Louis XVI to accept a constitutional monarchy. However, tensions remained and radical factions grew more powerful. The monarchy was overthrown and Louis XVI was executed in 1793, marking the onset of the Reign of Terror by the Jacobins to consolidate the Revolution.
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Best French revolution Power Point Presentation made Ever!!!!!!!!!!
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The document summarizes the social and political conditions in France prior to the French Revolution. It describes the three estates system with the clergy and nobility as the first and second estates who were exempt from most taxes, while the third estate of commoners paid the most taxes. Financial problems from war debts and bad harvests increased discontent among the third estate. The monarchy under the indecisive King Louis XVI and spendthrift Queen Marie Antoinette further exacerbated tensions, setting the stage for the French Revolution to erupt and overthrow the old regime.
AP Society During L'Ancien Régime
The document summarizes aspects of 18th century European society including agriculture, industry, demographics, family life, and the Enlightenment period. It describes:
1) Agricultural improvements like eliminating fallow fields, new scientific methods, and technological advances that increased food production.
2) The rise of rural industry as population growth led to more workers without land taking jobs in cottage industries and putting-out systems.
3) Key aspects of Enlightenment thought including applying reason to religion and society, tolerance of beliefs, and using education to spread ideas through a growing print culture and rise in literacy.
Unit 1-Old regime
The Old Regime, also called the "Ancien Régime" was the political, social and economic system that was found in many parts of Europe yp to the end of the 18th century.
French revolution begins cp
France operated under the Old Regime system with an absolute monarch and three estates where social status depended on estate. Enlightenment ideas spread and people began to question this system. As France faced economic troubles and bankruptcy, the king called the Estates-General meeting for the first time in over 175 years to address taxes. The Third Estate formed the National Assembly and took the Tennis Court Oath to create a new constitution. In July 1789, angry citizens stormed the Bastille prison in Paris, sparking the Great Fear across France and riots over bread prices that took the king and queen as prisoners.
The French Revolution. A very important point in the history of Europe.
History of the French Revolution. The French Revolution[a] was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy,while its values and institutions remain central to modern French political discourse.Its causes are generally agreed to be a combination of social, political and economic factors, which the Ancien Régime proved unable to manage. A financial crisis and widespread social distress led in May 1789 to the convocation of the Estates General, which was converted into a National Assembly in June. The Storming of the Bastille on 14 July led to a series of radical measures by the Assembly, among them the abolition of feudalism, state control over the Catholic Church in France, and a declaration of rights.
French revolution begins cp
The document summarizes the social and economic conditions in France prior to the French Revolution. Under the Old Regime, France was an absolute monarchy divided into three estates with the king and nobility holding power. Enlightenment ideas spread ideas of equality and democracy while economic troubles grew. As conditions worsened, the king called the Estates-General leading to the formation of the National Assembly by the Third Estate and the storming of the Bastille, beginning the French Revolution.
The French Revolution
The French Revolution presentation for high school World History class.
France, King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, taxes, economic depression, Enlightenment, the 3 Estates, the Estates General, Palace at Versailles, Château de Versailles, the Bastille, Tennis Court Oath, National Assembly,Voltaire, Jacobins, Maximilian Robespierre, guillotine, Great Fear, Reign of Terror
The French-Revolution
French Revolution a chapter of grade IX. This power point presentation gives detailed information about the chapter. I hope all students will benefit from this presentation.
French revolution 1ppt
This document provides background information on the French Revolution from 1775-1793. It discusses the socioeconomic conditions in France prior to the revolution, including high taxes and bread prices. It outlines key events like the storming of the Bastille and the Tennis Court Oath. The document also summarizes Crane Brinton's theory that revolutions follow a predictable course from moderate to radical phases. Overall, the document gives a high-level overview of the major political and economic developments that led up to the French Revolution.
French revolution
This presentation is about the French revolution which took place in the recent past and had been successful in shaping the country through such grave conditions.
French Revolution and Napoleon
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to longstanding inequalities between social classes and the abuse of power by King Louis XVI. Inequality among the three estates and Enlightenment ideas led the Third Estate to form the National Assembly and storm the Bastille prison, marking the start of the revolution. The monarchy was overthrown and a republic established, but radical Jacobins seized power and instituted a Reign of Terror from 1793-94 using the guillotine to execute those seen as enemies of the revolution. By 1794 moderate leaders had ended the Terror and executions.
Unit 1 - The Ancien Régime. Europe in the 18th century.pdf
This document provides an overview of Europe in the 18th century under the Ancien Régime. It discusses the rise of absolutism versus parliamentary systems of government. It also examines the major intellectual movements of the Enlightenment such as rationalism, liberalism, and the philosophies of thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Locke. Additionally, it outlines the economy of the time which was based on agriculture, crafts, and mercantilism. Society was hierarchical and stratified into estates. The document also summarizes Spain during this period as it transitioned to rule under the new Bourbon dynasty following the War of the Spanish Succession.
The french revolution
The French Revolution was caused by an unfair social order, a weak king with financial problems, and new enlightenment ideas challenging the old order. French society was divided into the clergy and aristocracy who did not pay taxes and controlled most of the land, and the commoners who paid all the taxes. As anger grew over this imbalance and a failed wheat crop, the commoners stormed the Bastille prison in 1789, beginning the French Revolution. The revolution had lasting effects including equality under the law, universal suffrage, religious freedom, and rights for the accused in trial. It changed societies around the world by ending privilege based solely on birth.
The french revolution and the enlightenment 2
The document discusses key concepts of the Enlightenment, including reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberty. It provides definitions for these concepts, such as viewing nature as good and reasonable. It also discusses important Enlightenment philosophers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Wollstonecraft and some of their key ideas around natural rights, separation of powers, freedom of thought, equality, and women's rights. Finally, it poses discussion questions about whether the philosophes would be satisfied with modern governments and which of their statements are most important today.
17.4.12
The document summarizes the key causes and events of the French Revolution that began in 1789. It outlines the political, social, and economic factors like the absolute monarchy, unequal system of privileges, financial crisis, and influence of Enlightenment philosophers. When the Estates-General meeting failed to address people's grievances, the National Assembly was formed and abolished feudalism. The Constitution of 1791 established a constitutional monarchy that limited the monarch's power and declared citizens' rights, but excluded many groups from voting.
His 2002 World 17
The document summarizes major developments in Europe, Britain, and France from the 16th to late 18th centuries. It describes the Scientific Revolution which shifted views on astronomy and the universe. The Enlightenment then spread new ideas through philosophers who advocated reason and challenged traditional authorities. In France, economic and social tensions grew, leading to the French Revolution which overthrew the monarchy and established a republic facing internal and external threats.
What will future generations condemn us forBy Kwame Anthony App.docx
What will future generations condemn us for?
By Kwame Anthony Appiah
Sunday, September 26, 2010; B01
Once, pretty much everywhere, beating your wife and children was regarded as
a father's duty, homosexuality was a hanging offense, and waterboarding was
approved -- in fact, invented -- by the Catholic Church. Through the middle of
the 19th century, the United States and other nations in the Americas condoned
plantation slavery. Many of our grandparents were born in states where women
were forbidden to vote. And well into the 20th century, lynch mobs in this
country stripped, tortured, hanged and burned human beings at picnics.
Looking back at such horrors, it is easy to ask: What were people thinking?
Yet, the chances are that our own descendants will ask the same question, with
the same incomprehension, about some of our practices today.
Is there a way to guess which ones? After all, not every disputed institution or
practice is destined to be discredited. And it can be hard to distinguish in real
time between movements, such as abolition, that will come to represent moral
common sense and those, such as prohibition, that will come to seem quaint or
misguided. Recall the book-burners of Boston's old Watch and Ward Society or
the organizations for the suppression of vice, with their crusades against claret,
contraceptives and sexually candid novels.
Still, a look at the past suggests three signs that a particular practice is destined
for future condemnation.
First, people have already heard the arguments against the practice. The case
against slavery didn't emerge in a blinding moment of moral clarity, for
instance; it had been around for centuries.
Second, defenders of the custom tend not to offer moral counterarguments but
instead invoke tradition, human nature or necessity. (As in, "We've always had
slaves, and how could we grow cotton without them?")
And third, supporters engage in what one might call strategic ignorance,
avoiding truths that might force them to face the evils in which they're
complicit. Those who ate the sugar or wore the cotton that the slaves grew
simply didn't think about what made those goods possible. That's why
abolitionists sought to direct attention toward the conditions of the Middle
Passage, through detailed illustrations of slave ships and horrifying stories of
the suffering below decks.
With these signs in mind, here are four contenders for future moral
condemnation.
Our prison system
We already know that the massive waste of life in our prisons is morally
troubling; those who defend the conditions of incarceration usually do so in
non-moral terms (citing costs or the administrative difficulty of reforms); and
we're inclined to avert our eyes from the details. Check, check and check.
Roughly 1 percent of adults in this country are incarcerated. We have 4 percent
of the world's population but 25 percent of its prisoners. No other nation has as
large a proportion of its population in prison; even China's rate i.
Chap11 Fr Rev
This document provides an overview of the French Revolution and Napoleon's rise to power between 1789-1815. It discusses the social structure and economic troubles under the Old Regime, the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly, the Declaration of the Rights of Man, the overthrow of the monarchy and establishment of a republic, the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre, and Napoleon's eventual seizure of power and establishment of the First French Empire.
French revolution begins cp 2013
Under the Old Regime system in France, there were three estates - clergy, nobility, and commoners. The king had absolute power and the estates system meant commoners (Third Estate) faced heavy taxes and had no political rights. As Enlightenment ideas spread and economic troubles grew, calls for reform increased. When the Estates-General met in 1789, the Third Estate formed the National Assembly seeking a new constitution. Their efforts and storming of the Bastille sparked the French Revolution.
French revolution begins cp 2013
Under the Old Regime system in France, there were three estates - clergy, nobility, and commoners. The king had absolute power and the estates system meant commoners (Third Estate) faced heavy taxes and had no political rights. As Enlightenment ideas spread and economic troubles grew, resentment toward the monarchy and inequality increased. The meeting of the Estates-General in 1789 failed to address these issues, fueling the revolution as the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and commoners stormed the Bastille prison in Paris, marking the start of the French Revolution.
Similar to Lesson 5 Old Regime and the Enlightenment (20)
The French Revolution. A very important point in the history of Europe.
The French Revolution. A very important point in the history of Europe.
Unit 1 - The Ancien Régime. Europe in the 18th century.pdf
Unit 1 - The Ancien Régime. Europe in the 18th century.pdf
What will future generations condemn us forBy Kwame Anthony App.docx
What will future generations condemn us forBy Kwame Anthony App.docx
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Lesson 8-11 French Revolution & Napoleon Video Guide
The document provides an overview of several parts of videos about the French Revolution and Napoleon. It describes key events and figures of the French Revolution period such as Louis XVI's rule, the storming of the Bastille, Robespierre's demands and reign of terror. It also summarizes Napoleon's rise to power after the revolution, his military campaigns across Europe and rule as Emperor of France, before his eventual defeat at Waterloo and exile.
Lesson 7 American Revolution
American philosophy was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and sought to establish a centralized government with three equal but separate branches, as outlined by Montesquieu. The diverse cultures and immigrants in the new American land helped create a unique philosophy. The documents of the American Revolution like the Constitution and Bill of Rights aimed to protect individuals' negative qualities and passions through limitations on government, allowing people to aspire to more positive qualities like liberty, goodness, and learning.
06 Enlightenment Monarchs
The document discusses several Enlightenment monarchs and their attempts at reform based on Enlightenment ideals. It describes Catherine the Great of Russia who implemented government reforms based on Montesquieu's theories of separation of powers. Frederick the Great of Prussia introduced rational laws and reforms to education, agriculture, and the military. Joseph II of Austria centralized the government, imposed taxes equally, abolished serfdom, and established religious toleration, though he faced opposition from the Catholic Church and aristocracy. However, the document notes that the true reforms in line with Enlightenment thinking would be realized in America rather than under these monarchs.
Lesson 04 French Absolutism
Following the Thirty Years' War, European monarchies experienced a crisis of authority as their treasuries were exhausted. In France, Henry IV responded with policies of royal absolutism to centralize power and stabilize the country. However, he and his successors faced opposition from the nobility seeking to regain power and resentment from the masses over high taxes. Louis XIV further strengthened royal authority through policies establishing the king as divine ruler with control over the military, finances, and religion.
Lesson 3 Peter
Peter the Great was Tsar of Russia from 1682 to 1725 and greatly reformed and Westernized Russia. He built Russia's first navy, defeated Sweden in a 20 year war, and founded the city of St. Petersburg. Peter implemented numerous reforms to modernize Russia by adopting Western customs, establishing a professional army and bureaucracy, and weakening the power of the nobility. Despite facing opposition from traditionalists, Peter established Russia as a major European power through his absolutist rule and military conquests.
Lesson 2 Science And Industrial
1. Galileo helped usher in the Scientific Revolution through his experiments and use of mathematics to back his conclusions, challenging the geocentric worldview dominated by the Catholic Church.
2. After Galileo, Protestantism rose and rapid advancements were made in astronomy, math, philosophy, and reasoning independent of theology.
3. The Scientific Revolution shifted thinking from a spiritual to secular worldview, with science becoming the preferred method for discovering truth over religious answers.
01 Church And State
The 30 Years' War (1618-1648) was the last major religious war in Europe. It involved four phases, with the first two involving religious alliances between Protestant and Catholic states, and the later two involving ruling family alliances. The Peace of Westphalia recognized Lutheran and Calvinist denominations, ignoring objections from Pope Innocent X. It marked the loss of power and prestige for the Catholic Church in Europe.
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Lesson 5 Old Regime and the Enlightenment
- 1. Lesson 5: Old Regime and the Enlightenment
- 3. Reason, not faith the best guide to truth
- 4. Emotion, Supernatural, and myth is of no use.
- 6. 18th century society Aristocrats: 3% of populationTitles, Inherited wealth Middling Order10% of populationNo titles but some land ownership. Merchants, financiers, professional class, craftsmen, business owners
- 7. 18th century society Aristocrats: 3% of populationTitles and wealth Middling Order10% of populationNo titles or land ownership. Merchants, financiers, professional class, craftsmen, business owners Peasants, Serfs75% of populationWorked on land estates, remained poor while making everyone else wealthy. Russia and Prussia: Brutal existence- stay on landFrance: Free and could leave land. England: Some could own or rent land- in Theory same equality under the law
- 8. 18th century Birth Aristocrats Middling Peasant Arranged- Marriages (teens) MistressesSexual Disease Lots of Kids(Heirs) Wet Nurses 20s Married Lots of Kids(Business) Wet Nurses Parenting 20s MarriedLots of Kids(Labor force) Parenting
- 9. 18th century Education Aristocrats Middling Peasant Boys: SchoolGirls: Home school & went to Court Boys: School & ApprenticeGirls: Limited Home school Parish school to read and write. Laborers
- 11. Hygiene
- 12. Play time
- 13. Less severe spankings
- 14. First Toy Stores
- 16. Better Parenting
- 17. Better Education
- 18. Marriage for love
- 19. Better Laws