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lesson

  • 1. ]mTmkq{XWw A²ym]nIbpsS t]cv : PbtamÄ hnZymebXnsâ t]cv : Fw.Pn.Un. hnjbw : aebmfw GIIw : ImsW¡msW D]GIIw : At§ho«ote¡v ¢mkv : 9 Unhnj³ : _o Ip«nIfpsS F®w : 32 kabw : 45ann«v XnbXn : 16.07.2014 BapJw hÀ¯amtIcfw A`napJoIcn¡p¶ Gähpw henb {]ivamWv hmÀ²Iyw _m[n¨hcpsS kwc£Ww. Hcmbpkpapgph³ a¡Ä¡pw IpSpw_¯nåw mSnåw th−n Pohn¨hsc C¶p BÀ¡pw th−mXmbnXoÀ¶ncn¡p¶p. a¡Ä hgnh¡n amXm]nXm¡sf Dt]£n¨pw, a¡Ä amXm]nXm¡sf apdn¡pÅn ]q«nbn«p, AÑs aI³ aÀZn¨him¡n Cd¡nhn«p XpS§nbh nc´cw hmÀ¯IfneqsS madnbp¶p. hmÀ²Iy¯n BtcmKyhpw k¼¯pw in¨v ncme_cmb hr²sc C§s AhKWn¡m³ tIcf¯nse ]pXpXeapdbvs¡§s Ignbp¶p F¶p mw Kuch]qÀÆw Nn´nt¡nbncn¡p¶p. FÃmhÀjhpw HIvtSm_À 1 A´mcmjv{S hntbmPZnambn mw BNcn¡p¶p. F¶n«pw mw Ahsc¡pdn¨p Nn´n¡p¶nÃ. ]pXpXeapd hr²sc ]cnKWn¡Wsa¶ t_m[yw D−mIm³ Cu bpWnäv klmbn¡p¶p.
  • 2. ]Ttmt±iy§Ä {]ivtaJe ]mTm]{KYw Bib]cw Ahiy]pÀÆ{]m]vXn ]Ttm]IcW§Ä * CStÈcntbbpw At±l¯nsâ IrXnIsfbpw Ipdn¨v aknem¡p¶Xnv. *hmÀ²Iyw tcnSp¶ shÃphnfnIÄ F´msW¶p aknem¡p¶Xnå. * hmÀ²Iy¯n IqSpX {i²bpw IcpXepw aäpÅhcn n¶p Bhiys¸Sp¶ L«amsW¶ Xncn¨dnhp−mIp¶Xnå * AhKWn¡s¸Sp¶ hmÀ²Iyw F¶ X¯zw Xncn¨dnbp¶Xnå * AhKWn¡s¸Sp¶ hmÀ²Iyw. "At§ho«nte¡v ' F¶ IhnXbnse amXm]nXm¡Ä Zcn{ZcmWv . hfsc ]Wns¸«XnåtijamWv a¡Ä¡v sÃmcp hnhmlw Dd¨Xv . ]qapJ]Snbn aIfpw PmamXhpw apä¯v aIåw AhcpsS kplr¯p¡fpap−v. B thfbnte¡v hr²³ IS¶p sNÃp¶p. Bcpw At±ls¯ At§m«v £Wn¡m¯Xnm At±lw AhnsS X¶ kvX_[mbn n¶p. * hmÀ²Iyw tcnSp¶ IjvSXIsf¡pdn¨v Ip«nIÄ¡dnbmw. * CStÈcn tKmhnµ³mbsc¡pdn¨pw At±l¯nsâ IrXnIsf¡pdn¨pw Ip«nIÄ¡dnbmw. * At§ho«nte¡v F¶ ]mT`mKw. * CStÈcnbpsS Nn{Xw. * CStÈcnbpsS IrXnIfS§nb NmÀ«v. * kaql¯n hr²À tcnSp¶ {]iv§fpsS ]{Xdnt¸mÀ«pIfS§nb NmÀ«v.
  • 3. ]Ttmev]¶§Ä Ip«nIÄ X¿mdm¡nb Ipdn¸pIÄ. ]T{]hÀ¯§Ä {]Xo£n¡p¶ {]XnIcWw {]mcw`w, A[ym]nI Ip«nIfpambn kulrZkw`mj¯nteÀs¸Sp¶p. * n§fpsS ho«n ap¯Ènamcpw ap¯È·mcpapt−m? * AhÀ n§Ä¡p IY ]dªp Xcmdpt−m? * ]m«pIÄ ]mSnXcmdpt−m? * hr²kZ§Ä IqSp¶Xnsâ ImcWsa´v? XpSÀ¶p hmÀ[Iyw tcnSp¶ {]iv§Ä DÄs¡mÅp¶ NmÀ«v {]ZÀin¸n¡p¶p. tijw NmÀ«nse Imcy§Ä H¶p cp Ip«nIsfs¡m−v ]dbn¡p¶p. XpSÀ¶p Ip«nIfpsS Bib§ÄIqSn DÄs¡mÅn¨v hmÀ[Iyw hÀ¯amIme¯n Ah[n {]iv§Ä tcn«p¶p F¶p ]dbp¶p. A¯c¯n thZbpw AhKWbpw Aå`hn¡p¶ Hcp hr²sâ IY ]dbp¶ Hcp IhnXm`mKw BWv man¶p ]Tn¡m³t]mIp¶sX¶p ]dbp¶p. At§ho«nte¡v (CStÈcn) (_n _n.) D−v, Cà F¶n§s D¯cw ]dbp¶p.
  • 4. Ihn]cnNbw. CStÈcnbpsS Nn{Xw {]ZÀin¸n¡p¶p. ae¸pdw PnÃbnse Ipän¸pd¯v 1906 CStÈcn Pn¨p. IÀjIkwkvImc¯nsâbpw {KmaoW PohnX¯nsâbpw hàmhmWv. {]YmanI hnZym`ymkt¯msS ]Tw n¶p. h¡oÂKpakvXmbn tPmen tPmen tm¡n. a{Zmkv Kh¬saâv AhmÀUv, tIcftI{µkmlnXyA¡mZanAhmÀUv F¶nh e`n¨p. IrXn]cnNbw IrXnIfS§nb NmÀ«v {]ZÀin¸n¡p¶p AfImhen, Idp¯sN«n¨nIÄ, eLpKm§Ä, Hcp]nSnsÃn¡, Imhnse ]m«v, Ip¦pa{]`mXw, A´n¯ncn, {Xnhn{Iaåap¶nÂ. tijw A[ym]nI IhnXm`mKw hyàambpw kv]jvSambpw hmbn¨psImSp¡p¶p Xmfw Is−¯Â A[ym]nI Ip«nItfmSv IhnXbv¡v Hcp Xmfw Is−¯mmhiys¸Sp¶p Ip«nIÄ Ihn]cnNbw tSp¶p
  • 5. {]hÀ¯w:1 “At§ho«nte¡v” F¶ IhnXbv¡v asämcp ioÀjIw Is−¯pI. • AhKWn¡s¸Sp¶hmÀ[Iyw {]hÀ¯w:2 hr²À tcnSp¶ shÃphnfnIÄ Gh? hÀ¯amtIcfw C¶p A`napJoIcn¡p¶ Gähpw henb {]ivamWv hmÀ²Iyw _m[n¨hcpsS kwc£Ww. Hcmbpkpapgph³ a¡Ä¡pw IpSpw_¯nåw mSnåw th−n Pohn¨hsc C¶p BÀ¡pw th- −mXmbnXoÀ¶ncn¡p¶p. a¡Ä hgnh¡n amXm]nXm¡sf Dt]£n¨pw, a¡Ä amXm]nXm¡sf apdn¡pÅn ]q«nbn«p, AÑs aI³ aÀZn¨him¡n Cd¡nhn«p XpS§nbh nc´cw hmÀ¯IfneqsS madnbp¶p. hmÀ²Iy¯n BtcmKyhpw k¼¯pw in¨v ncme_cmb hr²sc C§s AhKWn¡m³ tIcf¯nse ]pXpXeapdbvs¡§s Ignbp¶p F¶p mw Kuch]qÀÆw Nn´nt¡−nbncn¡p¶p. FÃmhÀjhpw HIvtSm_À 1 A´mcmjv{S Ip«nIÄ D¯cw hmbn¡p¶p Ip«nIÄ D¯cw hmbn¡p¶p
  • 6. XpSÀ{]hÀ¯w: htbmPZn¯n {]ZÀin¸n¡p¶Xnmbn Hcp t]mÌÀ X¿mdm¡pI. hntbmPZnambn mw BNcn¡p¶p. F¶n«pw mw Ahsc¡pdn¨p Nn´n¡p¶nÃ. ]pchtemIw A[ym]nIbpw Ip«nIfpw ]mT`mKw {Ias¸Sp¯p¶p. Ip«nIÄ Bibw {Klnt¨m F¶dnbmmbn A[ym]nI Nne tNZy§Ä tNmZn¡p¶p * At§ho«nte¡v BcpsS IrXnbmWv ? * CStÈcnbpsS asämcp IrXn ? Ip«nIÄ D¯cw ]dbp¶p