Pollution from industries and vehicles releases harmful chemicals and gases into waterways and the air, negatively impacting human health and ecosystems. Factories discharge toxic wastes into rivers, poisoning aquatic life and spreading disease. Emissions from industries and vehicles pollute the air with toxic gases, weakening the ozone layer and increasing global warming. Acid rain caused by these emissions damages buildings, kills fish, and harms forests. Noise pollution from vehicles and loud speakers stresses humans and disrupts their ability to rest and study. Rising pollution levels are depleting groundwater supplies and causing water scarcity.

1. VARIOUS POLLUTIONS
Pollution means making things dirty. It is one of the evils brought about by the growth of science and technology.
Industries empty their wastes into the river. These wastes contain harmful chemicals. They not only kill the living
things in the river but also spread a number of diseases. People who drink this water or bathe in the river become
easy prey to deadly diseases.
Factories and industries keep throwing out smoke. These smokes contain toxic gases. They pollute the air. Peopl e
breathing this impure air get disease affecting the lungs and respiratory system. Owing to this pollution, the ozone
layer in the atmosphere is becoming thinner and thinner. As a result the solar radiation hits us directly and causes
diseases like skin cancer.
Acid rain is one of the threats of pollution. We burn coal, petrol and diesel in vehicles and power stations. The fumes
given out contain oxides of nitrogen, carbon and sulfur. They react with water vapor and produce acids. The acid rain
that falls to the earth corrodes houses and ancient buildings of historical value. The acidity in the water destroys fish
and other aquatic life. Forest begins to die. The oxides of carbon and nitrogen trap the heat of the sun. As a result the
atmospheric heat increases. That is called global warming.
Noise pollution in cities is another menace. Loud speakers keep blaring out day and night. Vehicles in the roads and
the jet planes in the air send out unbearable noise. The air horns in the busses give out ear -splitting noise. The noise
tells on our nerves. One who is exposed to this noise becomes tense and agitated. The sick and the old are unable to
rest peacefully. Students are unable to concentrate on their studies. It is high time we took steps to control the
pollution of air, water and our eco system.
Water is essential for plants and animals. Without water nothing on earth can live. We get fresh water by means of
rainfall. The rain water goes into the soil and accumulates as ground water. We make use of this ground water by
digging wells and bore wells. Recently the ground water level is going down at an alarming rate. The decline in
ground water causes dry wells. This leads to water scarcity. People have to suffer a lot to get drinking water.
India receives good rainfall during the rainy season. But most of the water runs off into gutter and rivers. The flooded
rivers empty the water into the seas. As a result the earth goes dry during summer season. The ground water levels
sinks deeper and deeper.