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Lesson 3 mobility
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- 2. 5 INVENTIONS THATCHANGED THE WAY WE “MOVE” Railroad – Locomotive Steamboat Canal System Turnpike Automobile
- 3. TECHNOLOGY The Industrial Revolutionwas built on rapid advances in technology Which of these three inventions do you feel most changed the way that raw materials, goods, and people moved?
- 4. THE RAILROAD • Thanksto the Bessemer Process people were able to make railroad tracks out of steel • The Railroad/Locomotive is the most important invention that changed the way raw materials, goods, and people moved • Allowed communication and trade between places previously deemed too far • Made travel possible. People were able to travel on “day vacations” and see places they never would seen prior to the locomotive • Thanks to James Watt, the Locomotive was powered by STEAM
- 5. HERE IS HOWIT HAPPENED: • George Stephenson created the first steam locomotive built for railways in 1813 called the Locomotion in Liverpool • Stephenson then created the first public railway in 1825 • The railway connected cities of Stockton and Darlington (England)
- 6. How doyou think the railway system has influenced lives during the industrial revolution? How do you think the Railway System has influences our lives today? Is there much difference in influences between the two time periods? What if we didn’t have Railways. How would this change the way we travel or transpo
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- 8. THE STEAMBOAT • JohnFitch was unable to convince the government that he had tested the first steamboat, even though it was a successful test. • John Fitch didn’t create just one but three different versions of the steamboat • John Fitch fought hard for the patent and ended up committing suicide shortly after his quest. • Shortly after Fitch’s death, Robert Fulton used Fitch’s ideas and made his own rendition • Robert Fulton was awarded the steamboat patent and named the official inventor. • Rivers were America’s natural highways, but they could only be navigated by moving with the currents • The Steamboat was created to maneuver the rivers using steam-power instead of wind How do you feel about the U.S. issuing this stamp after what you know?
- 10. THE CANAL SYSTEM •America has a natural waterway, Britain did not. Canals had to be handmade Why? • Industrialization required large amounts of product to be moved from one location to the next • Dirt roads could not handle such weight and vehicles to transport did not exist • Canals made it possible to move heavy objects (like coal) and fragile objects (pottery) large distances
- 11. CANAL SYSTEM • Canalsmade investors LOTS of money. • In the 1790’s so-called “canal-mania” took place when people invested their money in canal projects • By 1840, there were nearly 4,500 miles of canals in Britain.
- 13. TURNPIKE AND ROADS •Telford believed in building roads that would last and needed little repair. • His roads cost a lot of money and they took a long time to build – but they lasted. • John McAdam’s roads were cheaper as they were not as detailed as Telford’s. • McAdam’s were hard wearing and he believed that the weight of the traffic using his roads would press down the road and make it stronger. • As his roads were cheaper, they were more in demand by the turnpike trusts. To this day, McAdams’s input into improving our road system, is remembered with his name being given” to tarmac. Two men are credited with improving the roads of Britain: Thomas Telford and John McAdam
- 14. TURNPIKES Before the IndustrialRevolution: • By law, every parish had to look after the “roads” that ran through their area. • Few Villagers travelled, therefore they were participated in this task because it was not beneficial BUT, the growth of the Industrial Revolution required good transport systems, so Parliament passed the Turnpike Act. • The Act allowed county magistrates to charge people for using roads • Private companies began to invest in the Turnpikes and the maintenance of the roads. In exchange, the profits from the tolls were split with the investors and the other half was used to maintain the roads. This is how our turnpike and toll roads are operated today
- 16. THE AUTOMOBILE • Thefirst automobile was not created during the Industrial Revolution • However, the first mass produced automobile was and that was Henry Ford • Henry Ford is an American Legacy • Henry Ford wanted to create a car that ordinary people could afford, and in October 1908, he did it. • The Model T sold for $850. In nineteen years of manufacture, Ford lowered the price to $260 and sold 15 million cars in the U.S. alone. How did he make the Model T so inexpensive to purchase?
- 17. MODERN DAY ASSEMBLYLINE • Ford invented the modern assembly line. • He doubled his workers' wages and cut the workday from nine to eight hours. • Ford did this to ensure quality work and allow a three-shift workday. • As a result, the company was able to make Model T's twenty-four hours a day! • This is where we get the idea of “shift work” • This process allowed for cheaper cars. Now most everyone could purchase a car. Before this only wealthy people could afford cars. • This changed American society forever, changing where and how we lived.
- 18. ASSEMBLY LINE • Workerson an assembly line add parts to a product that moves along the belt from one work station to the next • A different person performs each task along the assembly line • This division of labor made production faster and cheaper, lowering the price of goods Significance
- 19. INTERACTIVE NOTEBOOK What threepoints did you learn about mobility during the Industrial Revolution? What two inventions thus far do you feel has made the most impact on your daily life? What one question do you still have about the Industrial Revolution?