This document discusses geological data collection and stereographic plotting. It defines important parameters for characterizing discontinuities in rock masses, including rock type, discontinuity type, orientation, spacing, persistence, roughness, strength, weathering, aperture, filling, seepage, number of joint sets, and block size/shape. These parameters should be defined consistently using standard procedures to facilitate communication between parties and allow for quantitative engineering analysis. Methods of data collection discussed include surface mapping, geotechnical drilling, core orientation, and borehole imaging.
A Study of Reduced Beam Section Profiles using Finite Element AnalysisIOSR Journals
Abstract: Reduced beam section (RBS) is one of the several connection types, which is economical and
popular for use in new steel moment frame structures in seismic zone. To form RBS connection, some portion of
the beam flanges at a short distance from column face is purposefully trimmed so that the yielding and plastic
hinge occurs within this area of flanges. Use of RBS connection is found advantageous due to: a) the shear
force in the panel zone is reduced; b) the force demand in column continuity plates i.e. stiffeners are reduced;
and c) strong-column – weak-beam requirement is satisfied. Although, radius cut RBS is qualified by
ANSI/AISC, FEMA codes, various flange cut shapes like constant, tapered, radius cut, drilled holes are possible
to reduce the cross sectional area of beam flanges. The purpose of this study is to understand behavior of RBS
beam-to-column moment connections for various flange cut geometries. This document represents nonlinear
finite element analysis of the connection models performed using the computer program, ANSYS/Multiphysics
Keywords - Steel structures, steel connections, reduced beam section, RBS profiles
Effect of Petrophysical Parameters on Water Saturation in Carbonate FormationIJERA Editor
Assessment of petrophysical parameters is very essential for reservoir engineers. Three techniques can be used to
predict reservoir properties: well logging, well testing, and core analysis. Cementation factors and saturation
exponents are crucial for calculation, and their values pose a pronounced effect on water saturation estimation. In
this study, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the influence of cementation factor and saturation
exponent variation, as it applies to logs and core analysis, for use in water saturation estimates. Measurements of
water saturation resulting from these variations showed a maximum spread difference of around fifteen percent.
This lecture describes the most significant correlation among foundry processes, microstructures and defects of castings and fatigue behaviour of Al casting alloys. No prior knowledge is strictly necessary; however, the basic concepts developed in TALAT lectures 2400 and 3200 are very useful for the comprehension of this lecture.
A Study of Reduced Beam Section Profiles using Finite Element AnalysisIOSR Journals
Abstract: Reduced beam section (RBS) is one of the several connection types, which is economical and
popular for use in new steel moment frame structures in seismic zone. To form RBS connection, some portion of
the beam flanges at a short distance from column face is purposefully trimmed so that the yielding and plastic
hinge occurs within this area of flanges. Use of RBS connection is found advantageous due to: a) the shear
force in the panel zone is reduced; b) the force demand in column continuity plates i.e. stiffeners are reduced;
and c) strong-column – weak-beam requirement is satisfied. Although, radius cut RBS is qualified by
ANSI/AISC, FEMA codes, various flange cut shapes like constant, tapered, radius cut, drilled holes are possible
to reduce the cross sectional area of beam flanges. The purpose of this study is to understand behavior of RBS
beam-to-column moment connections for various flange cut geometries. This document represents nonlinear
finite element analysis of the connection models performed using the computer program, ANSYS/Multiphysics
Keywords - Steel structures, steel connections, reduced beam section, RBS profiles
Effect of Petrophysical Parameters on Water Saturation in Carbonate FormationIJERA Editor
Assessment of petrophysical parameters is very essential for reservoir engineers. Three techniques can be used to
predict reservoir properties: well logging, well testing, and core analysis. Cementation factors and saturation
exponents are crucial for calculation, and their values pose a pronounced effect on water saturation estimation. In
this study, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the influence of cementation factor and saturation
exponent variation, as it applies to logs and core analysis, for use in water saturation estimates. Measurements of
water saturation resulting from these variations showed a maximum spread difference of around fifteen percent.
This lecture describes the most significant correlation among foundry processes, microstructures and defects of castings and fatigue behaviour of Al casting alloys. No prior knowledge is strictly necessary; however, the basic concepts developed in TALAT lectures 2400 and 3200 are very useful for the comprehension of this lecture.
Rock core orientation for mapping discontinuities and slope stability analysiseSAT Journals
Abstract Rock fabric data collected from oriented core provides supplemental information for slope stability analyses. Orientation of rock core during drilling programs has become extremely pertinent and important for slope stability and underground mining operations. Orientation is needed to provide essential data to describe the structure and properties of discontinuities encountered during the design process to understand favorable and unfavorable conditions within a rock slope and underground openings. This paper examines and discusses the limitations and benefits of four methods of obtaining borehole discontinuity orientations from drilling programs including clay-imprint, ACT I,II,III Reflex, EZY-MARK, and OBI/ABI Televiewer systems. Results, recommendations and conclusions are provided in this paper. Index Terms: Orienting Core, Rock Drilling, Televiewer, Rock Orientation
Borehole geophysics is the science of recording and analyzing measurements of physical properties made in wells or test holes. Probes that measure different properties are lowered into the borehole to collect continuous or point data that is graphically displayed as a geophysical log. Multiple logs typically are collected to take advantage of their synergistic nature--much more can be learned by the analysis of a suite of logs as a group than by the analysis of the same logs individually. Borehole geophysics is used in ground-water and environmental investigations to obtain information on well construction, rock lithology and fractures, permeability and porosity, and water quality. The geophysical logging system consists of probes, cable and drawworks, power and processing modules, and data recording units. State-of-the-art logging systems are controlled by a computer and can collect multiple logs with one pass of the probe
A small presentation about wireline logs, showing their function or the technology that they use.
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Petroleum Geology II, Winter Semester 2013/2014.
WELL LOG : Types of Logs, The Bore Hole Image, Interpreting Geophysical Well Logs, applications, Production logs, Well Log Classification and Cataloging
Each month, join us as we highlight and discuss hot topics ranging from the future of higher education to wearable technology, best productivity hacks and secrets to hiring top talent. Upload your SlideShares, and share your expertise with the world!
Not sure what to share on SlideShare?
SlideShares that inform, inspire and educate attract the most views. Beyond that, ideas for what you can upload are limitless. We’ve selected a few popular examples to get your creative juices flowing.
Dr. R. Narayanasamy - Presentation on Formability of Deep Drawing Grade SteelsDr.Ramaswamy Narayanasamy
Presentation on Formability of Deep Drawing Grade Steels & Others For M/s. Jindal Steel Plant by Dr. R. Narayanasamy, Retired Professor (HAG), Department of Production Engineering, NIT - Trichy.
Dislocation and twin substructure evolution during strain hardening of an Fe–22 wt.% Mn–0.6 wt.% C TWIP steel observed by electron channeling contrast imaging
Rock core orientation for mapping discontinuities and slope stability analysiseSAT Journals
Abstract Rock fabric data collected from oriented core provides supplemental information for slope stability analyses. Orientation of rock core during drilling programs has become extremely pertinent and important for slope stability and underground mining operations. Orientation is needed to provide essential data to describe the structure and properties of discontinuities encountered during the design process to understand favorable and unfavorable conditions within a rock slope and underground openings. This paper examines and discusses the limitations and benefits of four methods of obtaining borehole discontinuity orientations from drilling programs including clay-imprint, ACT I,II,III Reflex, EZY-MARK, and OBI/ABI Televiewer systems. Results, recommendations and conclusions are provided in this paper. Index Terms: Orienting Core, Rock Drilling, Televiewer, Rock Orientation
Borehole geophysics is the science of recording and analyzing measurements of physical properties made in wells or test holes. Probes that measure different properties are lowered into the borehole to collect continuous or point data that is graphically displayed as a geophysical log. Multiple logs typically are collected to take advantage of their synergistic nature--much more can be learned by the analysis of a suite of logs as a group than by the analysis of the same logs individually. Borehole geophysics is used in ground-water and environmental investigations to obtain information on well construction, rock lithology and fractures, permeability and porosity, and water quality. The geophysical logging system consists of probes, cable and drawworks, power and processing modules, and data recording units. State-of-the-art logging systems are controlled by a computer and can collect multiple logs with one pass of the probe
A small presentation about wireline logs, showing their function or the technology that they use.
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Petroleum Geology II, Winter Semester 2013/2014.
WELL LOG : Types of Logs, The Bore Hole Image, Interpreting Geophysical Well Logs, applications, Production logs, Well Log Classification and Cataloging
Each month, join us as we highlight and discuss hot topics ranging from the future of higher education to wearable technology, best productivity hacks and secrets to hiring top talent. Upload your SlideShares, and share your expertise with the world!
Not sure what to share on SlideShare?
SlideShares that inform, inspire and educate attract the most views. Beyond that, ideas for what you can upload are limitless. We’ve selected a few popular examples to get your creative juices flowing.
Dr. R. Narayanasamy - Presentation on Formability of Deep Drawing Grade SteelsDr.Ramaswamy Narayanasamy
Presentation on Formability of Deep Drawing Grade Steels & Others For M/s. Jindal Steel Plant by Dr. R. Narayanasamy, Retired Professor (HAG), Department of Production Engineering, NIT - Trichy.
Dislocation and twin substructure evolution during strain hardening of an Fe–22 wt.% Mn–0.6 wt.% C TWIP steel observed by electron channeling contrast imaging
Reliable Plated Through-Via Design and FabricationCheryl Tulkoff
The base knowledge and understanding of PTV Fatigue is robust
-Decades of testing and simulation
-Use of reliability physics is best practice
-Detailed understanding is still missing
-Key expertise (process parameters, material properties, simulation, testing) is rarely in the same organization
-Not a pure science activity (significant amount of human influence)
-Improvements in out-of-plane CTE and plating properties have greatly improved PTV performance
-Avoiding defects continues to be the biggest risk
Microstructure design of steel for high creep resistanceRajdeep Mondal
In modern world the material has to be high creep resistance and high fatigue resistance. So, Design the material in such a way that material has to be high creep resistance and high fatigue resistance.
7. 2-7
Definition of Geological Terms
Standard Definitions/Procedures Necessary for:
- Consistency and Compatibility Between Different
Data Collectors
- Facilitate Communication Between Different Parties
- Quantitative Basis for Engineering Evaluation and
Analysis
- Completeness in Data Collection
9. 2-9
A. - Rock Type
Deere and Miller
Colorado School of Mines Quarterly
(Russell B Travis)
10. 2-10
B Discontinuity Type
Contact - (Continuous and Sometimes Low
Shear Strength e.g. Weathered Paleosurface
Dipping into Cut)
Fault/Shear - (Continuous, Potentially Low
Shear Strength)
Joint - (Cooling in Basalt, Tectonic Effects
Sedimentary/Igneous)
Bedding - (Sedimentary Layering)
11. 2-11
B Discontinuity Type (cont’d)
Flow Banding - (Igneous Flows; May Not be
Weakness)
Foliation/Schistosity/Cleavage - (Metamorphic
Layering)
Vein - (Includes “Healed Joints” - May Not be
Weakness)
14. 2-14
C Discontinuity Orientation
Dip - Angle of Steepest Inclination of Plane,
Measured Below Horizontal (two digits 00 to 90)
Dip Direction (Dip Azimuth) - Azimuth of the
Line of Dip (three digits 000 to 360)
Strike - Azimuth of a Horizontal Line (90
Degrees to Dip Direction) - Unsuitable for Rock
Slope Engineering
20. 2-20
E Persistence
Document Visible or Inferred Length
- Range:
Very low (<1 m)
Very high (>20 m)
Document Termination of Joints (0, 1, 2)
Statistical Estimates of Length Distribution (e.g.
Pahl, page 2-8)
Persistence cannot be Measured in Core
35. 2-35
L Number of Joint Sets
Number of Systematic Joint Sets
- Often three orthogonal sets
- Maximum four or five sets
- Record faults and shears separately from joints and
bedding
36. 2-36
M Block Size/Shape
Use code on Data Collection Sheet
SHAPE SIZE
- Blocky Very large (>8 m3)
- Tabular Large (0.2 – 8 m3)
- Columnar Medium (0.008-0.2 m3)
- Shattered Small (0.0002 – 0.008 m3)
Very small (<0.0002 m3)
39. 2-39
Geotechnical Mapping
Line Mapping
- Documenting All Structures that Intersect a Tape or
Painted Scan Line
Window (Cell) Mapping
- Document All Structures Within a Representative
Areas or “Windows”