ICT

1. 1. Tasks to be undertaken are properly identified

2. LESSON 2: PERFORM
MENSURATION AND
CALCULATION
LO2. CARRY OUT MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATION
1. Calculation needed to complete work tasks are performed
using the four fundamentals operations (addition,
subtractions, multiplication and division)
2. Numerical computation is self-checked and corrected for
accuracy

3. ALL computers are electronic, digital devices.
Digital devices work with discrete data, such as digits 1 and
0, or like a light switch – on or off.
These 1s and 0s are referred to as binary digits or shortened
to bits.
Computers use sequences of bits to digitally represent
numbers, letters, punctuation marks, music, pictures, and videos.
Humans interpret words and pictures; computers interpret only
patterns of bits.
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION

4. Bit: From Binary digit
Smallest unit of information computer can process
Can have one of two values: 0 or 1
Byte:
Collection of 8 bits
Can represent 256
different messages
(256 = 28)
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION

5. In binary system, 1 is equal to ON/TRUE and 0 is OFF/FALSE.
To read a binary number, get the turn - ON value/s only and sum it up,
no need to include the turned-OFF value/s. For example:
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ON/OFF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0000 0001 = 1
Get the sum: 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 1
Or simply get the turn - ON value which is 1.

6. Multiple values example:
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
0000 0101 = 5
The binary number 0000 0101 is equivalent to 5 because the turned-
ON values are: (ALWAYS START FROM THE RIGHT)
1 and 4
Then get the sum: 1 + 4 = 5
Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ON/OFF 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

7. Number 5 and the “Value” in the tables are examples of decimal
numbers, the number system that we have known since we learned
how to count numbers.
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
Note: Each group of eight bits is known as a byte.
For us humans,
1
+ 2
----------------------------
3
but for computers,
0000 0001
+ 0000 0010
------------------------------------------------
0000 0011

9. Bits as Numbers
Decimal Binary Decimal Binary
0 0000 5 0101
1 0001 6 0110
2 0010 7 0111
3 0011 8 1000
4 0100 9 1001

10. Bits as Codes
Codes represent each letter, digit, and
special character
ASCII: Most widely used
Each character is a unique 8-­
bit code
256 unique codes for 26 letters, 10
digits, special characters
Unicode: Supports more than 100,000
unique characters

11. NUMBERING SYSTEMS
Number System
• Binary
• Octal
• Decimal
• Hexadecimal
2
8
10
16
Base Symbols used
0,1
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,
A,B,C,D,E,F

12. USING POSITIONAL NOTATION

13. USING POSITIONAL NOTATION

14. USING POSITIONAL NOTATION

15. USING DOUBLING

16. USING DOUBLING

17. USING DOUBLING

18. USING DOUBLING

19. USING DOUBLING

20. USING DOUBLING

21. USING DOUBLING

22. DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERTER

23. DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERTER

24. EVALUATION…….

25. Activity Sheet 13
Directions: Convert binary to decimal numbers. Perform checking to verify
answers.
1. 1011
2. 1011
3. 11011
4. 11101
5. 110010

26. Activity Sheet 14
Directions: Convert the decimal numbers shown below to binary. Perform
checking to verify answers.
1. 20
2. 30
3. 45
4. 80
5. 120

27. References
• K to 12 TLE Information and Communications Technology – Computer Hardware
Servicing Curriculum Guide December 2013
• K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education - COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING LM
• Department of Education – Region X - TLE – CSS7&8 SLM
• Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region - TLE – CSS7&8 SLM
• Department of Education – SDO Manila - TLE – CSS7&8 SLM