The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including the history and generations of computers. It discusses the key components and configuration of computer hardware, the basic operations of computers including input, processing, output and storage. The four generations of computers are defined based on their main electronic components and attributes. The main hardware components of a computer system such as the CPU, memory, motherboard and I/O devices are also outlined.
A computer is an electronic device that can process and store data. It is made up of various hardware components, such as a central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and communication interfaces.
The CPU is the brain of the computer and performs most of the processing tasks. It retrieves data from memory, performs calculations, and executes instructions. Memory, also known as RAM (Random Access Memory), is used to store data and instructions temporarily while they are being processed by the CPU.
The Five Generations of Computers
Basic levels of the Computer
Software
Hardware
Liveware
Computer Language
Types of Memory
Networking
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Types of Servers
Modulation and Demodulation ( MODEM)
ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
LEASED LINES
Types of Topology
Fundamental of Computer, Types of computer, Bus, registers, Memory of computer, Instruction set, Operating system, functions of OS, Types of OS. study of Microsoft office word, power-point, excel etc
Computer Introduction-Lecture01 for applied scince college students, Seiyun University , yemen 2023-2024 Academic year. لطلاب كلية العلوم التطبيقية بجامعة سيئون
مقدمة في علوم الحاسوب المحاضرة الاولى مقدمة
For 11th and 12th grade students, a powerpoint presentation on the topic "Getting started with C++".
Subject: Computer Science / Information Technology
That's all folks, see ya :)
A computer is an electronic device that can process and store data. It is made up of various hardware components, such as a central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and communication interfaces.
The CPU is the brain of the computer and performs most of the processing tasks. It retrieves data from memory, performs calculations, and executes instructions. Memory, also known as RAM (Random Access Memory), is used to store data and instructions temporarily while they are being processed by the CPU.
The Five Generations of Computers
Basic levels of the Computer
Software
Hardware
Liveware
Computer Language
Types of Memory
Networking
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Types of Servers
Modulation and Demodulation ( MODEM)
ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
LEASED LINES
Types of Topology
Fundamental of Computer, Types of computer, Bus, registers, Memory of computer, Instruction set, Operating system, functions of OS, Types of OS. study of Microsoft office word, power-point, excel etc
Computer Introduction-Lecture01 for applied scince college students, Seiyun University , yemen 2023-2024 Academic year. لطلاب كلية العلوم التطبيقية بجامعة سيئون
مقدمة في علوم الحاسوب المحاضرة الاولى مقدمة
For 11th and 12th grade students, a powerpoint presentation on the topic "Getting started with C++".
Subject: Computer Science / Information Technology
That's all folks, see ya :)
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
2. Degree:
Bachelor of Engineering Technology Major in Electrical Engineering Technology
(Licensed Professional Teacher in Mathematics)
Specialization:
Electrical and Electronics Technology
GERALDINE FLORES DADAP, LPT
3. Course Code: CMPTR1-Q
Course Title: Computer Fundamentals
Course Description:
The course deals with the study of basic understanding
of Computer fundamentals and other aspects of software
development and hardware components.
4. Course Evaluation:
Major Examinations 35%
Quizzes 20%
Activities 15%
Performance 20%
Attitude 5%
Attendance 5%
------------------------------------------------------------
Total 100%
6. What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process
the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and
store the information for future use.
7. HISTORY
o As observed generally the computer have also evolved from a simple
calculating tool to a complex machine able to perform numerous tasks
within a fraction of a second.
o The history of computer dates back to 3000 BCE in form of abacus
o After that there were sequential changes with the time and accordingly
the computer could be classified based on generations in which they
were derived.
o They are categorized historically as:
8. GENERATION PIONEERS ATTRIBUTES
1st Generation
Computers
1. John Mauchly
2. J. Presper Eckert
3. John Von Neumann
4. Maurice Wilkes
5. Alan Turing
1. First large scale electronic digital computer
2. In 1943 Mauchly and Eckert prepare a proposal
for the US army to build an Electronic
Numerical Integrator (ENIAC)
3. Construction of ENIAC and accumulators
started.
4. ENIAC gives way to Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer (EVDAC) as proposed by
Neumann
5. Prepares Electronic Delay Storage Automatic
Calculator (EDSAC) operational May, 1949
6. Prepares Automatic Computing Engine (ACE)
7. After that Univac were prepared with mercury
delay lines and metal oxide tapes having average
access time of 222 second and 4 accumulators
8. IBM 701 (Defense Calculator) having memory
stored using William tubes and secondary
memory consisting of memory tapes and drums
9. GENERATION PIONEERS ATTRIBUTES
2nd Generation Computers 1. John Bardeen
2. William Shockley
3. William Brattain
4. Grace Murray Hopper
1. 1958 Philco introduces
TRANSAC S-2000 first
transistorized commercial
machine
2. FORTRAN, ALGOL, and
COBOL are first
standardized programming
languages
3rd Generation Computers 1. Robert Noyce
2. Jack S. Kilby
1. Solid logic technology
(Integrated Circuits) family
of “compatible” computers
4th Generation Computers 1. Marcian Hoof
2. Stephen Wozniak
3. Steve Jobs
1. Large scale Integrated
Circuits
2. Large databases
3. PASCAL
10. 1ST GENERATION COMPUTERS
The main characteristics of first generation of computers (1940s-1950s)
Main electronic component – vacuum tube
Main memory – magnetic drums and magnetic tapes
Programming language – machine language
Power – consume a lot of electricity and generate a lot of heat.
Speed and size – very slow and very large in size (often taking up entire room).
Input/output devices – punched cards and paper tape.
Examples – ENIAC, UNIVAC1, IBM 650, IBM 701, etc.
Quantity – there were about 100 different vacuum tube computers produced
between 1942 and 1963.
11. 2ND GENERATION COMPUTERS
The main characteristics of second generation of computers (1950s-1960s)
Main electronic component – transistor
Memory – magnetic core and magnetic tape / disk
Programming language – assembly language
Power and size – low power consumption, generated less heat, and smaller in
size (in comparison with the first generation computers).
Speed – improvement of speed and reliability (in comparison with the first
generation computers).
Input/output devices – punched cards and magnetic tape.
Examples – IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC 1107, etc.
12. 3RD GENERATION COMPUTERS
The main characteristics of third generation of computers (1960s-1970s)
Main electronic component – integrated circuits (ICs)
Memory – large magnetic core, magnetic tape / disk
Programming language – high level language (FORTRAN, BASIC, Pascal,
COBOL, C, etc.)
Size – smaller, cheaper, and more efficient than second generation computers
(they were called minicomputers).
Speed – improvement of speed and reliability (in comparison with the second
generation computers).
Input / output devices – magnetic tape, keyboard, monitor, printer, etc.
Examples – IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11, UNIVAC 1108, etc.
13. 4TH GENERATION COMPUTERS
The main characteristics of fourth generation of computers (1970s-present)
Main electronic component – very large-scale integration (VLSI) and
microprocessor.
VLSI– thousands of transistors on a single microchip.
Memory – semiconductor memory (such as RAM, ROM, etc.)
RAM (random-access memory) – a type of data storage (memory element) used in
computers that temporary stores of programs and data (volatile: its contents are
lost when the computer is turned off).
ROM (read-only memory) – a type of data storage used in computers that
permanently stores data and programs (non-volatile: its contents are retained
even when the computer is turned off).
14. Programming language – high level language (Python, C#, Java, JavaScript,
Rust, Kotlin, etc.).
A mix of both third- and fourth-generation languages
Size – smaller, cheaper and more efficient than third generation computers.
Speed – improvement of speed, accuracy, and reliability (in comparison with the
third generation computers).
Input / output devices – keyboard, pointing devices, optical scanning, monitor,
printer, etc.
Network – a group of two or more computer systems linked together.
Examples – IBM PC, STAR 1000, APPLE II, Apple Macintosh, etc.
15. 5TH GENERATION COMPUTERS
The main characteristics of fifth generation of computers
(the present and the future)
Main electronic component: based on artificial intelligence, uses the Ultra Large-Scale
Integration (ULSI) technology and parallel processing method.
ULSI – millions of transistors on a single microchip
Parallel processing method – use two or more microprocessors to run tasks simultaneously.
Language – understand natural language (human language).
Power – consume less power and generate less heat.
Speed – remarkable improvement of speed, accuracy and reliability
(in comparison with the fourth generation computers).
Size – portable and small in size, and have a huge storage capacity.
Input / output device – keyboard, monitor, mouse, trackpad (or touchpad), touchscreen,
pen, speech input (recognize voice / speech), light scanner, printer, etc.
Example – desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc.
17. Computer hardware (usually simply called hardware when computing context is
concerned) is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer
system. Hardware is the most visible part of any information system. It is the
physical parts or components of a computer, such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard,
computer data storage, hard disk drive (HDD), graphic cards, sound cards, memory,
motherboard, and so on, all of which are physical object that are tangible. In
contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware.
WHAT IS COMPUTER HARDWARE?
19. Analogue Computer
Analog computers are used to process analog data.
Analog data is of continuous nature and which is not discrete or separate.
Such type of data includes temperature, pressure, speed weight, voltage, depth
etc.
These quantities are continuous and having an infinite variety of values.
Digital Computer
A Digital Computer works with digits to represent numerals, letters or other
special symbols.
Digital Computers operate on inputs which are ON/OFF type and its output is
also in the form of ON/OFF signal.
Normally, an ON is represented by a 1 and an OFF is represented by a 0.
A digital computer can be used to process numeric as well as non-numeric data.
20. Hybrid Computer
A hybrid is a combination of digital and analog computers.
It combines the best features of both types of computers, i.e. It has the speed of
analog computer and the memory and accuracy of digital computer.
Hybrid computers are used mainly in specialized applications where both kinds
of data need to be processed. Therefore, they help the user, to process both
continuous and discrete data.
Digital Computer
+
21. COMPUTER HARDWARE
Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a
computer system. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of
a computer such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard
drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard
and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that can be touched.
22. Monitor
A monitor is a piece of computer hardware that displays the video and graphics
information generated by a connected computer through the computer’s video
card.
This is the part of a computer that allows you to see what the computer is
processing
23. Battery Backup (UPS)
A battery backup or uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a primarily used to
provide a backup power source to important desktop computer hardware
components.
24. System Unit
The system unit is the core of a computer system.
The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU), or
microprocessor, which acts as the "brain" of your computer.
Another component is random access memory (RAM), which temporarily stores
information that the CPU uses while the computer is on.
Almost every other part of your computer connects to the system unit using
cables.
25. Computer Case
This is where all of the components are stored.
The computer case serves mainly as a way to physically mount and contain all
of the actual computer components.
Cases typically come bundled with a power supply.
Two types of casing:
– Tower
– Desktop
Desktop and tower computers are two different styles of computer case that use
desk space in varying ways.
Desktop computers are designed to lay flat on the desk, while towers stand
upright.
26. Power Supply
This is used to sends power to all of the other hardware so they can
operate.
Two types of power supply:
– AT (Advanced Technology)
– ATX (Advanced Technology Extended)
27. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU, or the Central Processing Unit, is the brain of the computer and
the single most important chip in the computer.
The CPU performs the system's calculating and processing.
CPU Fan
Any fan inside a computer case used for cooling purposes.
28. Computer Memory
Also known as Random Access Memory (RAM)
Computer memory is used to store information in electronic devices.
Motherboard
The main circuit board of the computer.
All key internal and external components of the computer plug into the
motherboard.
Components directly attached to the motherboard
include:
• CPU
• Chipset
29. • Random-Access Memory (RAM)
• Read-Only Memory (ROM)
• BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
• Buses
• Ports
Hard disk
It used to store computer data and program.
It can hold more data and are faster than floppy disks.
30. Optical Disc Drive
An optical storage technology that stores and plays back data.
Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both
readers and recorders.
Video card
A board that plugs into a personal computer to give it display capabilities.
The display capabilities of a computer, however, depend on both the logical
circuitry (provided in the video adapter) and the display monitor.
31. Sound card
A circuit board that plugs into your Motherboard that adds audio capability to
your computer, providing high quality stereo output to the speakers.
Keyboard
A keyboard is a peripheral device that enables a user to input text into a
computer or any electronic machinery.
This is a set of keys on a computer or typewriter that you press in order to make
it work.
32. Mouse
A small handheld device that is dragged across a flat surface to move the
cursor on a computer screen, typically having buttons that are pressed to
control functions.
Speaker
Speakers are used to connect to a computer to generate sound, which are one
of the most common output devices.
33. Webcam
A webcam is a digital video device commonly built into a computer. Its main
function is to transmit pictures over the Internet. It is popularly used with
instant messaging services and for recording images.
Webcam
A webcam is a digital video device commonly built into a computer. Its main
function is to transmit pictures over the Internet. It is popularly used with
instant messaging services and for recording images.
Microphone
A microphone is a hardware peripheral and input device that allows computer
users to input audio into their computers.
34. FOUR BASIC COMPUTER OPERATIONS
1. INPUT
The devices that input the information computer are called input devices. Its
aim is to supply data (Alphanumeric, image, audio, video, etc.) to the computer
for processing. Input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware
equipment to provide data and control signals to an information processing
system such as a computer or other information appliance.
35. Four types of Inputs
1. Text – you can enter data by pressing the keys on the keyboard
2. Graphic – A digital camera allows you to take pictures and store the
photograph images digitally
3. Audio – input the speech, music, and sound effects entered into the
computer.
4. Video – input of motion images captured into the computer by
special input devices.
36. 2. PROCESSING
The processing unit controls all activities within a system. The CPU is an
example of a processor. It has the same important as the brain to human being.
The computer components that control input and output devices.
The part of a computer that performs all arithmetic computations, such as
addition and multiplication, and all comparison operations.
It is the transformation process to convert the input
into output.
A process is an instance of running a program.
It cause the computer to follow instructions from the memory.
Perform by Central Processing Unit (CPU)
37. 3. OUTPUT
An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to
communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information
processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically
generated information into human readable form.
Output is data that has been processed into a useful form, called Information.
38. 4. STORAGE
These are used to keep data when the power to the computer is turned off. The
devices which stored the data on or outside the computer are called storage
devices.
They are as follows:
Hard Disk: usually mounted inside the computer’s system unit. It can store
billions of characters of data. It stated in forms of bytes: Megabytes, Gigabytes, or
Terabytes
Magnetic Storage: Recording of data onto disks or tape by magnetizing particles
of an oxide based surface coating. A fairy permanent type of storage that can be
modified. It is used by mainframe or microcomputers
Floppy Drive: It is a floppy disc which could store at up to 1.44MB and is almost
obsolete and superseded by faster, smaller and better storage device.
39. Optical Discs: any computer discs that uses optical storage techniques and
technology to read and write data. It is a direct access storage device that is
written and read by light. It consist of:
o Compact disc (CD) - It is a storage device which stores information up to
700Mbs.
o Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - It is also called Digital Video Disc. They could
store up to 4.5 GB to 8 GB of data
o Blu-ray Technology - Highly advance technology which could store up to 30
GB to 50 GB of data
Solid-State Storage - They consist of:
Flash Memory Cards – Widely used in notebook computers and used to
record MP3 music files.
Key Chain Hard drives – connect to a USB port
Magnetic Tape and Disc
40. Compact Disc Read-Only Memory Card (CD-ROM)
Write Once Read Memory (WORM)
Magneto-optical disks
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)
Optical disks
Digital Video Disks
Memory Cards
Flash Memory
Removable Storage
41. Functionalities of a computer
Any digital computer carries out five functions in gross terms:
Takes data as input
Stores the data/instructions in its memory and use them when required
Processes the data and converts it into useful information
Generates the output
Controls all the above four steps
42. Booting
Starting a computer or a computer-embedded device is called booting. Booting
takes place in two steps:
The first program or set of instructions that run when the computer is switched on
is called BIOS or Basic Input Output System. BIOS is a firmware, i.e. a piece of
software permanently programmed into the hardware.
If a system is already running but needs to be restarted, it is called rebooting.
Rebooting may be required if a software or hardware has been installed or system
is unusually slow.
43. There are two types of booting:
1. Cold Booting − When the system is started by switching on the power supply it
is called cold booting. The next step in cold booting is loading of BIOS.
2. Warm Booting − When the system is already running and needs to be restarted
or rebooted, it is called warm booting. Warm booting is faster than cold booting
because BIOS is not reloaded.
45. Example:
– Personal digital assistant
– Smartphone
– Tablet computer
– Ultra-Mobile PC
– Wearable computer
Microcomputer
A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a
microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU)
A small, single-user computer based on one microprocessor.
Microcomputers are designed to be used by individuals.
46. Types of Microcomputer
• Tower PC
• Mid-Tower PC
• Mini-Tower PC
• Server
• Workstation
• Personal computer (PC)
– Desktop
– Laptop
47.
48. Minicomputer
A midsized computer.
In size and power, minicomputers lie between workstations and mainframes.
A minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting
hundreds users simultaneously.
49. Mainframes
A very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even
thousands, of users simultaneously.
In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because
they support more simultaneous programs.
But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe.
These computers are capable of handling and processing very large amounts of
data quickly.
Mainframe computers are used in large institutions such as government, banks
and large corporations.
50. Supercomputer
The fastest type of computer.
Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized
applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations.
An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions
of instructions per second.
Usages:
Focused on performing tasks involving intense numerical calculations such as
weather forecasting, fluid dynamics, nuclear simulations, theoretical
astrophysics, and complex scientific computations.
51. Now that we know the characteristics of computers, we can see the advantages that
computer offer:
Computers can do the same task repetitively with same accuracy
Computers do not get tired or bored
Computers can take up routine tasks while releasing human resource for more
intelligent functions.
Increase users productivity
Computer helps sort, organize, and search through information
Reduces work load
ADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTER
Despite so many advantages, computers have some disadvantages of their own:
Regular electric supply is necessary to make computers work, which could prove difficult
everywhere especially in developing nations
Virus and hacking attacks
Online cyber crime
High cost
DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTER
52.
53. What do you call to the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system?
ANSWER: COMPUTER HARDWARE
54. What do you call to a combination of digital and analog computers?
ANSWER: HYBRID COMPUTER