Svalbard is an archipelago located in the Arctic Circle between mainland Norway and the North Pole, with a population of about 2,400 people. The document discusses Svalbard's geography and climate, noting average winter temperatures of -15°C and summer temperatures of 5°C. It also mentions a blog by Laurel McFadden where she shares her experiences and photographs from the year she spent living in Svalbard. Students are tasked with imagining a trip to Svalbard and writing blog entries about their experiences.