Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease spread by infected animals like cattle, pigs, and rodents. In Kerala, India from January to August 2018, 665 people were diagnosed with leptospirosis and 30 people died. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, and jaundice. It is treated with antibiotics like penicillin, doxycycline, or intravenous fluids and dialysis in severe cases. Prevention involves controlling rodents, washing hands, avoiding contact with contaminated water or soil, and drinking boiled water.