Media and Information Literacy by Jamal Omar From: G12 in San Andres School of Masinloc, Inc. Legal, ethical, and societal issues in media and information encompass the challenges and dilemmas related to the creation, dissemination, and consumption of media content and information in a digital age. This includes concerns about privacy, misinformation, copyright infringement, censorship, bias, and their impact on individuals, society, and the law. "Legal, ethical, and societal issues in media and information" encompass a complex landscape of challenges and considerations at the intersection of technology, communication, and society. These issues have gained prominence with the rapid evolution of digital media and the internet. In this 2000-character overview, we'll delve into key aspects of each category: 1. **Legal Issues**: - **Copyright Infringement**: Protecting intellectual property rights is a major concern, with issues like piracy, plagiarism, and unauthorized distribution of content. - **Privacy Laws**: Laws surrounding the collection, storage, and sharing of personal data are constantly evolving. Data breaches and surveillance concerns have led to stringent regulations like GDPR and CCPA. - **Cybercrime**: Legal challenges include hacking, online fraud, and cyberbullying. Governments and organizations are working to combat these threats. 2. **Ethical Issues**: - **Fake News**: Misinformation and disinformation pose ethical dilemmas. The responsibility of media outlets to fact-check and provide accurate information is paramount. - **Bias and Objectivity**: Media bias, whether political, social, or cultural, can influence public opinion. Ethical journalism seeks to maintain objectivity and fairness. - **AI and Automation**: The use of AI in content generation and decision-making raises questions about accountability and the ethical use of technology. 3. **Societal Issues**: - **Digital Divide**: Unequal access to information and technology exacerbates social inequalities. Bridging this gap is crucial for inclusive information access. - **Censorship and Freedom of Speech**: Balancing the need to combat hate speech and misinformation with preserving free expression is a contentious issue. - **Media Literacy**: Lack of critical thinking skills can lead to the spread of misinformation. Promoting media literacy is vital in the digital age. 4. **Emerging Trends**: - **Deepfakes**: Advanced AI-generated content blurs the line between truth and fiction, challenging trust in media. - **Social Media Impact**: Social platforms can amplify both positive and negative aspects of information dissemination, contributing to echo chambers and online radicalization. - **Algorithmic Bias**: Algorithms that curate content and recommendations can reinforce biases, affecting what people see and believe.

2. Legal, ethical, and societal issues in media and
information involve problems and difficult choices
connected to making, spreading, and using media
and information in the digital era. This includes
worries about keeping things private, false
information, using someone else's work without
permission, controlling what can be said or
shown, unfairness, and how these things affect
people, society, and the rules we follow.

3. REPUBLIC ACT
10175

4. REPUBLIC ACT 10175
The 2012 Philippine Republic Act 10175 was
created to stop cybercrime. It deals with
legal problems concerning online activities
like taking someone's web address,
engaging in inappropriate online behavior,
sharing inappropriate content involving
children, stealing someone's identity, and
accessing someone's data without
permission.

5. WHAT IS CYBER?

6. WHAT IS CYBER?
"Cyber" is a word part that talks about
stuff connected to computers, the
internet, and technology. We hear it
when talking about keeping computer
systems safe from online dangers, the
digital world where online stuff happens,
and harmful actions aimed at computer
systems or data.

7. CYBERSPACE

8. CYBERSPACE
Cyberspace is like a made-up world on
the internet. It's where all the online
stuff happens, like talking to people,
sharing things, and doing things on the
computer. It's not a real place you can
visit but more like a place in your mind
where you use the internet and
computer stuff to do things.

9. CYBERCRIME

10. CYBERCRIME
Cybercrime is when people do illegal
things using computers, the internet,
or digital tech, like hacking, tricking
others, or spreading harmful stuff.
It's a big danger to people and
society, so the authorities work to
stop it.

11. CYBERBULLYING

12. CYBERBULLYING
Cyberbullying is like online bullying,
where people use phones or computers
to hurt, scare, or threaten others. It
can be done in different ways and can
really hurt people's feelings and
thoughts. Many countries have made
rules and plans to stop cyberbullying.

13. HACKING

14. HACKING
Hacking is when someone sneaks into
computer systems or devices without
permission to do bad things, like
stealing information or causing
problems. They use tricks like finding
weak points in software, tricking
people, or using harmful software.

15. PHISHING

16. PHISHING
Phishing is a trick used by
cybercriminals. They pretend to be
someone you trust to make you give
them important information. They use
this info to do bad things like stealing
your identity or money. It's a big
problem in the online world.

17. ILLEGAL
DOWNLOADING

18. ILLEGAL DOWNLOADING
Illegal downloading, or piracy, means taking
digital stuff like movies or music without
permission or paying for it. This breaks the
rules about owning things made by others
and can get you in trouble with the law, like
paying fines or even going to jail. It also
hurts the people who create these things
and the businesses that sell them.

19. DIGITAL PIRACY

20. DIGITAL PIRACY
Digital piracy is when people share digital
stuff like movies or music online without
permission. This breaks the rules about
owning things made by others and can get
you in trouble. They do it using things like
torrent websites, file-sharing sites, or illegal
streaming services. It's a big problem that
can hurt the people who create these things
and the businesses that sell them.

21. IDENTITY THEFT

22. IDENTITY THEFT
Identity theft is when someone steals
your private information, like your name
or credit card details, and uses it to do
bad things, like stealing your money or
tricking others. It can really harm your
financial history and how people see
you, and it's hard to fix once it happens.

23. CYBERDEFAMATION

24. CYBERDEFAMATION
Cyberdefamation, or online defamation,
is when people say false and harmful
things about someone or a business on
the internet, like on social media. These
lies can damage their reputation and
cause big problems in their personal and
work life. The rules about this can be
different in different places.

25. 2 TYPES OF
DEFAMATION
1. Libel - Libel is when someone writes
or prints false and harmful things about
someone else, and other people see it.
This can hurt the person's reputation,
and it's important that the statements
are untrue.

26. 2 TYPES OF
DEFAMATION
2. Slander - Slander is like telling lies about
someone or something that can damage
their reputation when other people hear it.
It's similar to libel but involves spoken
words or gestures, and other people must
hear these false statements.

27. CYBERSEX

28. CYBERSEX
Cybersex, which is also called online sex or
virtual sex, is when people engage in sexual
talk or activities using digital tools like chat
rooms, messaging, video calls, or social
media. It includes explicit conversations,
sharing sexual content, and playing roles,
but it's important that everyone involved
agrees to it, and it should be legal and
respectful to make sure it's safe.

29. CHILD
PORNOGRAPHY

30. CHILD PORNOGRAPHY
Child pornography, also known as child
exploitation material, is against the law. It
involves explicit sexual content that includes kids
who are under 18 years old. This content can be
in the form of pictures, sounds, or words, and it
shows them in sexual situations. The police and
groups around the world strongly disapprove of
and fight against child pornography to protect
children and stop their abuse.

31. CYBERSQUATTING

32. CYBERSQUATTING
Cybersquatting is when people register website
names that are very similar to well-known
trademarks or brands, usually with bad
intentions to make money from them. They
might try to trick people or do dishonest things.
Laws like the U.S. Anticybersquatting Consumer
Protection Act and UDRP help trademark owners
take legal action against these cybersquatters
and solve problems without going to court.

33. COPYRIGHT

34. COPYRIGHT
Copyright is a protection for things people
create, like paintings and photos, as long as
they're put into a solid form. These creations
should be original, which means they were
made by a person with some creativity, even
if it's just a little bit, according to the
Supreme Court. This protection helps the
creators keep others from copying or using
their work without permission.

35. WHO IS A
COPYRIGHT
OWNER?

36. WHO IS A COPYRIGHT
OWNER?
Copyright is a protection for things people
create, like paintings and photos, as long as
they're put into a solid form. These creations
should be original, which means they were made
by a person with some creativity, even if it's just
a little bit, according to the Supreme Court. This
protection helps the creators keep others from
copying or using their work without permission.

37. FAIR USE

38. FAIR USE
Fair use is a rule in the United States that allows
people to use copyrighted stuff in certain situations
without asking the owner for permission. It's a way
to balance the rights of the copyright owners and the
public's need to use creative things. This rule applies
when you're using the material for things like giving
an opinion, reporting news, teaching, studying, or
doing research. However, whether something counts
as fair use depends on the specific situation and
needs to be looked at on a case-by-case basis.

39. PLAGIARISM

40. PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism is when you use someone else's
work without giving them credit or saying
where you got it from. This can get you in
trouble in school or at work. It can happen in
different ways, like copying, rephrasing, or
using their ideas without saying where you
found them. To avoid plagiarism, it's
important to give credit and say where you
got the information.

41. NETIQUETTE

42. NETIQUETTE
Netiquette is like having good manners on
the internet. It means being polite and
respectful when you're online, whether on
social media, in emails, or on forums. This
includes not using rude words, writing
correctly, and respecting people's privacy.
When you follow netiquette, it helps make
online conversations positive and helpful.

43. “THANK YOU”