This document discusses several legal and ethical aspects of information security. It begins by defining legality as compliance with laws and ethics as concepts of right and wrong. It then examines several common computer-related issues - illegal downloading, spyware, cyberbullying, identity theft, and computer crimes - from both legal and ethical perspectives. The document also lists 10 principles of computer ethics and provides examples of legal/ethical considerations in e-commerce and advertising.

1. TOPIC:
LEGAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS
• Introduction
• Legality means an act is in accordance with the law. Ethics is about
concepts of right and wrong behaviour. Some actions may be legal
but in some peoples opinion not ethical. The definition of legal is
something connected to law or a government’s system of rules. Ethics
also called moral philosophy, the discipline concerned with what is
morally good and bad and morally right and wrong.

2. LEGAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS IN
INFORMATION SECURITY
• There are many legal and ethical issues with computer that can be
exploited by bad people to do bad things. Some of those issues
include illegal music and videos file downloading, spyware, identity
theft, keystroke logging, cyber bullying, and phishing.
Illegal File Downloading:

3. • These are forma of media are protected by copyright law meaning that
they cannot be copied or reproduced or resold without the permission
of the original creator or owner which is that inevitably makes the
action illegal even though many people today do listen or watch music
movies illegally but not necessarily by downloading them.
• Illegal downloading (also known as piracy) is when a user
downloads a copy of paid content for free without permission
from the owner. This includes music, TV shows, movies, video
games, audiobooks, ebooks and sports broadcasts.
Illegal music and video file
downloading (piracy)

4. SPYWARE:
• Spyware is software downloaded onto a user’s electronic device
without their knowledge and is used mostly to steal their personal
information. These can be used for good and bad. Parents can use
them to monitor their children or companies to monitor their
employees while third party apps can be downloaded to infect phones
and use their camera or microphone to soy on the owner.

5. CYBERBULLYING / CYBER HARRASMENT
• Cyberbullying is making other feel sad, angry or sacred multiple times
over the internet on a wide variety of electronic devices. This is
usually done on different social media websites such as Facebook or
instagram or just by texting or email. Unlike bullying in schools,
cyberbullying can be done anonymously, making the perpetrator
faceless to the victim.

6. IDENTITY THEFT:
• Identity theft or identity fraud is when someone steals personal identifiable
information on others in order to impersonate said person. This can be one of the
worst legal issues with the computer because it allows the criminal to get credit card
information and buy things in the name of someone else or even do crimes in others
names. There are two types of identity theft, account takeover and true name.
Account takeover is when the thief uses the information taken to gain control of the
original person account, allowing them ti change some things and buy others before
they realise what is going on. True name theft is when the thief creates new accs in
other names. This can be done for many reasons in many forms however one of the
main ones would be to obtain blank cheques.

7. ETHICS AND INFORMATION SECURITY
• Many professional groups have explicit rules governing ethical behaviour in
the workplace. For example , doctors and lawyers who commit egregious
violations of their profession canons of conduct can be removed from
practice. Unlike the medical and legal fields however the information
technology field in general and the information security field in particular do
not
• From the computer ethics institute
1. Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
2. Thou shalt not interfere with other peoples computer work.

8. 3. Thou shalt not snoop around in other people’s computer files.
4. Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
5. Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
6. Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.
7. Thou shalt not use other peoples computer resources without authorisation or proper
compensation.
8. Thou shalt not appropriate other peoples intellectual output.
9. Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system
you are designing.
10. Thou shalt always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your
fellow humans.

9. CYBERCRIME AND COMPUTER CRIME
• Types of computer crimes:
• Computer crime or cyber crime is a term usually broadly to describe criminal activity
in which computers or computer network are tool , a target or a place of criminal
activity.
• Computer as targets:
• This form of crime targets as computer system , to acquire information stored on
that computer system, to control the target system without authorisation or payment
or to alter the integrity of data or interfere with the availability of the computer or
server.

10. • Computer as storage devices:
• Computers can be used to further unlawful activity by using a computer or a
computer device as a passive storage medium. For example, the computer can be
used to store stolen password list , credit card or calling card numbers, proprietary
corporate information , pornographic image files.
• Computer as communication tools:
• Many of the crimes falling within this category are simply traditional crimes that are
committed online. Examples include the illegal sale of prescription drugs, controlled
substances, alcohol , and guns ; fraud ; gambling and child pornography.

11. EXAMPLES OF LEGAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS
IN DIFFERENT
FIELDS:
• 1. Legal and ethical issues related to e-commerce
• The developments in technology have projected very extensive possibilities
in different spheres, on of these is e-commerce. The notably quick changing
atmosphere is the e-commerce market because the demand and fame of e-
shopping are increasing day by day. Clients are concerned about the quality
of services and products as well as the percentage of price and quality. The
ambitiousness brings several solutions in ecommerce and abundance or lots
of decisions might and should be made effectively with business ethics and
legal decision making could helped this way.

12. LEGAL ASPECTS ARE
• Fraud over the internet
• The e-commerce fraud appears out with the brisk growth in recognition of
websites. This is a scorching issue for both mortar and clicks merchants and
cyber merchants. The small investors are allured by the commitment of
wrong profits by the stock promoters. Buyers and sellers are opposed to
conducting frauds in auction as well. The availability of popup ads and
emails has opened the paths and paved the horizon for financial criminals
and fraud to get access to many people.

13. • Copyright
• If you talk about the laws of copyright protects the intellectual and
smart property cannot be recycled freely. It is very difficult for an
investor in e-commerce to protect intellectual property. For instance, if
you have purchased software, you have got the right to operate or use
it but you have no right to spread and distribute it. The right of
distribution are just within the holder of its copyright.

14. • Domain names
• The competition over the selection of names of the domain is an
additional legal issue. Internet addresses and location are
acknowledged as domain names. A dominant and elite name is
microsoft.com and qbrust.com. Top levels of domain names are
accredited by essential non-profit organisations they also check
trademarks for possible infringement and conflicts as well. Issues
arise when certain companies or organisations have similar names.

15. ETHICAL ASPECTS ARE
• Web tracking
• E-commerce draws facts and data on how visitors operate a site with
the log files. Firms track the movement of individuals through cookie
analysis and tracking software. Program files cookies can raise a
bunch of privacy concerns. The history of tracking is stored on the
hard disk of your PC and whenever you visit the website again the PC
knows it already. Many intelligent end users like to install programs
example spam butcher, cookie cutter etc.

16. • Privacy
• Most of the payment systems electronically have the identity of the client.
Hence, it is important to provide protection to the identity of consumers who
use the electronic mode of payment systems. A privacy problem connected
to the employees/people of an organisation is tracking. The system of
monitoring are installed and set up in many organisations to monitor web
activities and e-mails in order to know the people who broadly use business
hours for the activities not related to businesses. The activities of e-
commerce performed by a consumer can be tracked by the computer.

17. 2. LEGAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF
ADVERTISING
Legal aspects of advertising
The government in each country has to make sure that advertisements
appearing don’t flaunt their rules and regulations:
1. It should not show anti national feelings.
2. It should not contain misleading information about the product.
3. It should not violate government rules.

18. Some examples of the advertisement will legal aspects:
1. Get your car checked for pollution
2. Drinks and driving do not mix
Ethical aspects of advertising
Ethics are the moral standards against which behaviour is judged Key areas of debate regarding
ethics and advertising are
Truth in advertising
1. Deception in making false or misleading statements
2. cannot legislate against emotional appeals
Advertising to children
1. Advertising promotes superficiality and materialism in children
2. Children are inexperienced and easy prey
3. Persuasion to children creates child parent conflict