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Ledford-EPC-Geothermal-Presentation.pptx
- 1. Geothermal in North Carolina Peter Ledford General Counsel, NCSEA North Carolina Energy Policy Council November 18, 2019
- 2. What is NCSEA? Our Mission Drive policy and market development to create clean energy jobs, economic opportunities and affordable energy to benefit all of North Carolina. The NC Sustainable Energy Association is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit membership organization of consumers, businesses, government, utilities and nonprofits interested in North Carolina's sustainable energy future. 2
- 3. What is Geothermal? •Includes both Geothermal Energy and Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) technologies: • Geothermal energy technologies utilize the thermal energy stored in the Earth to generate electricity • GSHPs are central heating and cooling systems that increase efficiency by transferring heat to or from the ground 3
- 6. What is a GSHP? 6
- 7. What is a GSHP? •2 main types: • Open loop • Closed loop •2 main subcategories: • Vertical • Horizontal 7
- 8. What is a GSHP? Closed Horizontal Loop 8
- 9. What is a GSHP? Open Loop Well Water 9
- 10. What is a GSHP? Closed Vertical Loop 10
- 11. What is a GSHP? Lake or Pond System 11
- 12. How Efficient is a GSHP? •According to the International Ground Source Heat Pump Association, GSHPs are: • 50-70% more efficient than comparable heating systems • 20-40% more efficient than comparable cooling systems 12
- 13. How is a GSHP Installed? 13
- 14. How is a GSHP Installed? 14
- 15. How is a GSHP Installed? 15
- 16. What are the Costs Associated with Installing a GSHP? 16 Development of a Multi-Objective Sizing Method for Borehole Heat Exchangers during the Early Design Phase, 2017
- 17. How Much is an Average GSHP? •Residential: • $2,500/ton for the system itself • 5-10 year payback 17 Guide to Geothermal Heat Pumps, 2011
- 18. How Does a GSHP Compare to Traditional HVAC Systems? 18 Geothermal Heat Pumps in K-12 Schools: A Case Study of the Lincoln, Nebraska, Schools (Shonder, Martin, and Hughes; 2000)
- 19. GSHPs in NC •From 2007-2018, over $30 million has been invested in Geothermal systems in the state • 0.2% of direct spending in clean energy development by technology •Over 7,600 geothermal systems were installed in NC from 2007-2018 • 49.8% of renewable energy systems installed over that period 19
- 20. GSHPs in NC 20 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Cumulative Installations Year Ground Source Heat Pumps Installed in NC
- 21. GSHPs in NC 21
- 22. Geothermal Industry in NC •According to NCSEA’s 2018 Clean Energy Industry Census: • 225 companies active in the sector (7% of the clean energy industry) • 1,075 jobs (4%) • $252 million in revenue (2%) 22
- 23. Geothermal Industry in NC 23 33% 21% 17% 10% 10% 10% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Installer and developer of ground source heat pump systems Sub-contractor and/or loop installer Designer of ground source heat pump systems Manufacturer and distributor of ground source heat pump systems Well-driller Other Percent of Question Respondents Business Activities
- 24. Geothermal Industry in NC 24 30% 14% 18% 17% 10% 6% 5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Residential single family Residential multi-family Commercial < 4,000 ft2 Commercial > 4,000 ft2 Industrial and/or Commercial Military Other Percent of Question Respondents Customer Base
- 25. Geothermal Industry in NC 25 23.36% 28.47% 21.17% 16.06% 7.30% 3.65% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Open loop heat pump systems Vertical closed loop heat pump systems Horizontal closed loop heat pump systems Lake loops and/or pond loops Commercial water source heat pump Other Percent of Question Respondents Geothermal System Type
- 26. What Contributed to Growth of GSHPs in NC? •NC’s 35% renewable energy tax credit that expired at the end of 2015 and the federal residential renewable energy 30% tax credit that expired at the end of 2016 • The federal tax credit was brought back at 30% in 2018, with step downs eventually to 22% in 2022, but has no maximum value limit 26
- 27. Thank You Peter Ledford General Counsel peter@energync.org (919) 832-7601 x107 27
Editor's Notes
- I’m not sure if this needed to be included, but wanted to be sure.
- Generating electricity using geothermal technology is very site specific, and NC is not one of the few places in the US where the geothermal potential is worthwhile. So, rather than generating electricity with geothermal resources, geothermal in NC is in the form of ground source heat pumps (GSHPs).
- Over the course of the year, once you get to a certain subsurface depth, the temperature stays fairly constant. And this relative constant temperature is what ground source heat pumps take advantage of to remove heat in the summer and to collect heat in the winter.
- The main types refer to whether the system reuses the liquid in the pipes that transfers heat between the ground or water and the home or building and the subcategories refer to whether the system’s piping is built deep into the ground over a small area or shallowly over a large area.
- The main types refer to whether the system reuses the liquid in the pipes that transfers heat between the ground or water and the home or building and the subcategories refer to whether the system’s piping is built deep into the ground over a small area or shallowly over a large area.
- These systems have sealed pipes that contain a working fluid that is warmed or cooled by the ground or water and sent through a heat pump in the structure that it serves. The fluid travels back to begin the process over again.
- Open loop geothermal systems exchange heat by pumping groundwater through the system directly and without recycling it.
- In locations with less available horizontal space, the pipes can be buried in deep vertical shafts.
- In areas with appropriately sized bodies of water, pipes may be sunk beneath the surface to achieve the same exchange of heat as if they were underground.
- Those numbers are from: https://igshpa.org/geothermal/
- Boreholes being drilled for closed vertical loop system
- Area dug up for closed horizontal loop system
- Lake system being sunk into its associated body of water
- This table is based on the costs associated with installing GSHPs as part of apartments in Korea, but the point I wanted to make with this slide is that the most significant individual component of the cost is the drilling itself since it’s almost half the total cost. Adding these costs together results in a $3,767.50 per refrigeration ton ($/RT) system cost.
- Based on a study done by the Oak Ridge National Lab back in the late 1990s comparing a modeled GSHP with conventional HVAC systems of various types for an elementary school in Lincoln, Nebraska, the GSHP system was found to have the lowest life cycle cost when compared to the other systems, mostly due to reduced maintenance and fuel costs. ACC – air-cooled chiller VAV – variable air volume air handling system WCC – water-cooled chiller CV – constant volume air handling system
- Due to NC’s lack of sufficient geothermal potential, geothermal in this state is in the form of ground source heat pumps. All of these stats are from the last five RTI reports.
- Due to NC’s lack of sufficient geothermal potential, geothermal in this state is in the form of ground source heat pumps. All of these stats are from the last five RTI reports.
- Since the upfront cost of a system is relatively high (~$25-30k for a 3,000 sqft home), incentives are primarily what increase adoption. The overall cost of the technology will not change significantly since, unlike solar PV technology, the equivalent capacity factor in this case will not really change. Instead, another way to support GSHPs is if they are considered for energy efficiency rebates offered by utilities.