1. People and Terms:
The Post World War I Order
Sigmund Freud Father of Psychoanalysis, was a German
Albert Einstein Nuclear Bomb, Manhattan Project, Theory of Relativity
Werner Heisenberg German theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to
quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum
theory
Fauvism a short-lived and loose grouping of early 20th century Modern artists whose
works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the representational or
realistic values retained by Impressionism
Cubism a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and
Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, in cubist artworks,
objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form
Abstract Art uses a visual language of form, color and line to create a composition which
may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world
Great Depression The 1930s for U.S. Crisis around economic downfall, exports in the Western
Hemisphere failed
Crash of 1929 Black Thursday, stock market crashed, lots of stock sold due to fear of stock
crashing, led to Great Depression
John Maynard Keynes British economist whose ideas have been a central influence on
modern macroeconomics, he advocated interventionist government policy, by which
governments would use fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of
business cycles, economic recessions, and depression
New Deal FDR wrote a plan, gave money to big businesses to bail us out, credit plan/FDIC/built
up the roadways preparing for war and getting people to work

2. Russian Civil War (1917–23) was a multi-party war that occurred within the former
Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed and the Soviets
under the domination of the Bolshevik party assumed power, first in Petrograd (St.
Petersburg) and then in other places
War Communism (1918-21) was the economic and political system that existed in the
Soviet Russia during the Russian Civil War
Vladimir Lenin was the Bolshevik Leader of the 1917 October Revolution, and the first
Head of State of the Soviet Union. Lenin was a powerful and persuasive orator and
writer, and a keen practitioner of realpolitik
Leon Trotsky was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. He was one of the
leaders of the Russian October Revolution, second only to Vladimir Lenin
Josef Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's
Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953, in the years following Lenin's
death in 1924, he rose to become the leader of the Soviet Union
New Economic Policy was an economic policy proposed by Vladimir Lenin to prevent the
Russian economy from collapsing. Allowing some private ventures, the NEP allowed
small businesses or shops, for instance, to reopen for private profit while the state
continued to control banks, foreign trade, and large industries
Five Year Plan FDR wanted to get everyone and everything up and running before 5 year mark
Benito Mussolini Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with
being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism
Nazi Party National Socialist German Worker’s Party

3. Fascism a political ideology that seeks to combine radical and authoritarian nationalism
with a corporatist economic system, and which is usually considered to be on the far right
of the traditional left-right political spectrum
Adolf Hitler Head of 3rd Reich, he was the totalitarian leader of Germany from 1933 to
1945, serving as chancellor from 1933 to 1945 and as head of state (Führer und
Reichskanzler) from 1934 to 1945
Kristallnacht (“Crystal Night”) triggered by the assassination of German diplomat Ernst
vom Rath by Herschel Grynszpan, a German-born Polish Jew. In a coordinated attack on
Jewish people and their property, 91 Jews were murdered and 25,000 to 30,000 were
arrested and placed in concentration camps
Pogrom a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and
characterized by killings and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers