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Highlights of the course
Co-ordinate Systems
Introduction to Vector
Operators
Work , Energy and Conservation laws
Rigid body in motion
Oscillations and Waves
Quantum Physics
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 1
Introduction to
DIFFERENT CO-ORDINATE SYSTEMS
INFINITESIMAL LINE, AREA AND VOLUME ELEMENTS
Co-ordinate Systems
2
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
Chapter 1
Outline
Choice of Co-ordinate systems
Cartesian Co-ordinates: Unit vectors, Infinitesimal line, area and
volume element
Plane-Polar Co-ordinates: Unit vectors, transformations, Rate of
change, velocity and acceleration, Infinitesimal line, area
element
Cylindrical Co-ordinates: Unit vectors and its transformations,
Rate of change, velocity and acceleration, Infinitesimal line, area
and volume element
Spherical Polar Co-ordinates: Unit vectors and its
transformations, Rate of change, velocity and acceleration,
Infinitesimal line, area and volume element
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 3
Why do we need different coordinate
system?
4
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
Why do we need different coordinate
system?
X Y
1 0
0.9397 0.34201
0.76606 0.64277
0.50003 0.86601
0 1
r
1 0
1 20
1 40
1 60
1 90
Proper choice of a
coordinate system can
vastly simplify a problem 5
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
r
Representing a vector in Cartesian
Co-ordinate system
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 6
A coordinate system consists of four basic elements:
1) Choice of origin (2) Choice of axes (3) Choice of positive direction for each axis (4)
Choice of unit vectors for each axis
7
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
Cartesian Co-ordinates
Infinitesimal (very small) line element
in Cartesian Co-ordinate system
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 8
Infinitesimal line element
9
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
Cartesian Co-ordinates
x
y
z
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 10
Infinitesimal Area element in
Cartesian Co-ordinate system
Cartesian Co-ordinates
Infinitesimal Area element
11
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
x
y
z
dx
dz
Infinitesimal Volume element in
Cartesian Co-ordinate system
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 12
Cartesian Coordinates
Infinitesimal Volume element
13
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
x
y
z
Polar co-ordinate system
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 14
Representation of a vector and unit
vector transformations in polar
co-ordinates
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 15
Representation of a Vector in Polar
Coordinates
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 16
X
Y
r
What is unit vector
Unit vector representation in Polar Coordinates
X
Y
(x,y) ex
ey
r
er
17
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
Verify that = 0
Above vector in Polar Co-ordinates is
represented as
What is and in terms of and ?
er ex
ey
What is and in terms of and ?
er
ex
ey
-ex
Motion in polar co-ordinates, velocity and
acceleration
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 18
Motion in Plane Polar Coordinates
X
Y
(x1
,y1
) ex
ey
r1
er
(x2
,y2
)
ex
ey
r2
er
Cartesian coordinate system: Constant unit vectors
Plane polar coordinate system: Varying unit vectors
19
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
Velocity and acceleration in polar
co-ordinates
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 20
Velocity in Polar Coordinates
Velocity in Cartesian Coordinates:
?
?
21
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
Velocity in Polar Coordinates:
Through a geometrical consideration
X
Y
(x1,y1)
r1
er1
(x2,y2)
r2
er2
-er1
22
RKE_JJ_PH103_2021

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Lecture_1________________________pptx.pdf

  • 1. Highlights of the course Co-ordinate Systems Introduction to Vector Operators Work , Energy and Conservation laws Rigid body in motion Oscillations and Waves Quantum Physics RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 1
  • 2. Introduction to DIFFERENT CO-ORDINATE SYSTEMS INFINITESIMAL LINE, AREA AND VOLUME ELEMENTS Co-ordinate Systems 2 RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 Chapter 1
  • 3. Outline Choice of Co-ordinate systems Cartesian Co-ordinates: Unit vectors, Infinitesimal line, area and volume element Plane-Polar Co-ordinates: Unit vectors, transformations, Rate of change, velocity and acceleration, Infinitesimal line, area element Cylindrical Co-ordinates: Unit vectors and its transformations, Rate of change, velocity and acceleration, Infinitesimal line, area and volume element Spherical Polar Co-ordinates: Unit vectors and its transformations, Rate of change, velocity and acceleration, Infinitesimal line, area and volume element RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 3
  • 4. Why do we need different coordinate system? 4 RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
  • 5. Why do we need different coordinate system? X Y 1 0 0.9397 0.34201 0.76606 0.64277 0.50003 0.86601 0 1 r 1 0 1 20 1 40 1 60 1 90 Proper choice of a coordinate system can vastly simplify a problem 5 RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 r
  • 6. Representing a vector in Cartesian Co-ordinate system RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 6
  • 7. A coordinate system consists of four basic elements: 1) Choice of origin (2) Choice of axes (3) Choice of positive direction for each axis (4) Choice of unit vectors for each axis 7 RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 Cartesian Co-ordinates
  • 8. Infinitesimal (very small) line element in Cartesian Co-ordinate system RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 8
  • 10. RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 10 Infinitesimal Area element in Cartesian Co-ordinate system
  • 11. Cartesian Co-ordinates Infinitesimal Area element 11 RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 x y z dx dz
  • 12. Infinitesimal Volume element in Cartesian Co-ordinate system RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 12
  • 13. Cartesian Coordinates Infinitesimal Volume element 13 RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 x y z
  • 15. Representation of a vector and unit vector transformations in polar co-ordinates RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 15
  • 16. Representation of a Vector in Polar Coordinates RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 16 X Y r What is unit vector
  • 17. Unit vector representation in Polar Coordinates X Y (x,y) ex ey r er 17 RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 Verify that = 0 Above vector in Polar Co-ordinates is represented as What is and in terms of and ? er ex ey What is and in terms of and ? er ex ey -ex
  • 18. Motion in polar co-ordinates, velocity and acceleration RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 18
  • 19. Motion in Plane Polar Coordinates X Y (x1 ,y1 ) ex ey r1 er (x2 ,y2 ) ex ey r2 er Cartesian coordinate system: Constant unit vectors Plane polar coordinate system: Varying unit vectors 19 RKE_JJ_PH103_2021
  • 20. Velocity and acceleration in polar co-ordinates RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 20
  • 21. Velocity in Polar Coordinates Velocity in Cartesian Coordinates: ? ? 21 RKE_JJ_PH103_2021 Velocity in Polar Coordinates:
  • 22. Through a geometrical consideration X Y (x1,y1) r1 er1 (x2,y2) r2 er2 -er1 22 RKE_JJ_PH103_2021