Lecture Outline 6: Political Thought & Religion in Early China & Japan
In this section you will find:
1) Chapter Overview
2) Major Concepts
3) Terms You Should Know the Significance
4) Map Activity (Concept of Place)
5) Concept of Time (Relationships in Time)
Print the material and use it as a guide when you study the main text.
1. Chapter Overview
CHINA'S FIRST EMPIRE (221bc-220ce)
One of the key turning points in Chinese history was the third century bc, when the old, quasi -feudal Chou
multi-state system gave way to a centralized bureaucratic government that built an empire from the steppe in
the north to Vietnam in the south. This first empire was divided into three parts: Chin dynasty (256-206bc),
Former Han dynasty (206bc-8ce), and the Later Han dynasty (24-220ce)
The Ch’in dynasty established its control on the geopolitical advantages offered by the Wei River in
northwest China. This state was brutal and tough, yet stable. Despite its harsh laws, it attracted farmers who
welcomed the security and order of its society. It relied on Legalist Administrators who developed policies
for enriching the country and strengthening the military. Under the control of the emperor, the Ch' in dynasty
expanded its territorial holdings, instituted bureaucratic reforms, and stressed uniformity of thought in
establishing a centralized state. The Great Wall of China was extended some fourteen hundred miles from the
Pacific Ocean to central Asia and is testament to the efficiency and control of this dynasty. However, too
many changes in rapid succession caused the entire system to collapse under the harsh rule of the dynasty.
Rebellion spread as the Ch’in government lost its popular support.
The first emperor of the Han dynasty, Kao Tzu of plebeian origin, established the capital in the Wei basin
close to the former capitals of the Chou and Ch' in dynasties. Although it took many years to consolidate
power, this action permitted a degree of continuity to exist in the political development of China. The second
phase of the dynastic cycle began with the rule of the martial emperor, Wu Ti, in 141bc. Old policies like
government monopolies on salt, iron, liquor, etc. were established to maintain control of China. Wu Ti
expanded the boundaries of China by sweeping south into North Vietnam and north to central Manchuria and
North Korea. This aggressive leadership created a strong army and led to the policy of using the barbarians to
control the barbarians, thus making allies of border nomads against those more distant. This policy worked
for the most part and brought about the establishment of the Silk Road that connected with the Roman
Empire.
During the course of the Han dynasty, the Legalist structure of government became partially confucianized.
The Confucian classics gradually were accepted as the standard for education and served as an ethical
justification for dynastic rule. After a period of instability and civil war in which contending faction ...
The civilization of China dates back nearly 4,000 years and is one of the oldest in the world. It developed along the Yellow River and endured through many ruling houses and invasions. Confucian ideals of merit-based government helped shape Chinese society and administration for hundreds of years. China experienced periods of unification and division between numerous dynasties from around 2000 BC to the founding of the modern People's Republic of China in 1949.
China is the most populous country in the world with over 1.4 billion people. It has a long history dating back thousands of years, with many dynasties rising and falling over time. Some of China's most important historical sites include the Great Wall, Forbidden City, and Terracotta Army. Traditional Chinese culture incorporates elements like Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and the use of Mandarin Chinese along with other dialects. Major festivals celebrated include Chinese New Year and the Lantern Festival.
The document provides a chronological overview of Chinese history from ancient dynasties to the modern era. It discusses the major dynasties that ruled China, including the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. It notes key events, innovations, and developments that occurred during each dynasty. It also briefly summarizes the period of the Republic of China from 1912 to 1949, when the country transitioned from imperial rule to a republic after the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.
The document provides an overview of Chinese history from the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. It summarizes key events and developments during each dynasty, including the Sui unification of China, the Tang expansion and golden age, and the Song establishment of Neo-Confucianism and advances in agriculture, commerce, and urbanization.
Ancient China spanned from around 1600 BC to 221 BC, beginning with early dynasties like the Shang and Zhou which established bronze age cultures along the Yellow River. This was followed by the imperial era from 221 BC to 1912 AD, consisting of successive dynasties including the Qin which first unified China, the Han which established China's political and cultural influence, and the Tang and Song which were economic and technological golden ages. China then experienced foreign rule under the Yuan and Qing dynasties before the establishment of modern Communist China in 1949.
The document provides a detailed overview of Chinese history from ancient dynasties to modern times. It describes the major dynasties that ruled China in chronological order, key events and people of each dynasty period, as well as the development of Chinese economic systems and belief philosophies over time.
The document discusses the achievements of the Qin and Han dynasties in building a cohesive China. The Qin dynasty first unified China under Emperor Qin Shi Huang and established administrative reforms like standardized weights, measures and script. The Han dynasty expanded on these reforms and made economic achievements through irrigation projects and technological advances. It also spread Confucianism and connected with the West through the Silk Road, contributing to China's development.
The civilization of China dates back nearly 4,000 years and is one of the oldest in the world. It developed along the Yellow River and endured through many ruling houses and invasions. Confucian ideals of merit-based government helped shape Chinese society and administration for hundreds of years. China experienced periods of unification and division between numerous dynasties from around 2000 BC to the founding of the modern People's Republic of China in 1949.
China is the most populous country in the world with over 1.4 billion people. It has a long history dating back thousands of years, with many dynasties rising and falling over time. Some of China's most important historical sites include the Great Wall, Forbidden City, and Terracotta Army. Traditional Chinese culture incorporates elements like Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and the use of Mandarin Chinese along with other dialects. Major festivals celebrated include Chinese New Year and the Lantern Festival.
The document provides a chronological overview of Chinese history from ancient dynasties to the modern era. It discusses the major dynasties that ruled China, including the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. It notes key events, innovations, and developments that occurred during each dynasty. It also briefly summarizes the period of the Republic of China from 1912 to 1949, when the country transitioned from imperial rule to a republic after the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.
The document provides an overview of Chinese history from the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. It summarizes key events and developments during each dynasty, including the Sui unification of China, the Tang expansion and golden age, and the Song establishment of Neo-Confucianism and advances in agriculture, commerce, and urbanization.
Ancient China spanned from around 1600 BC to 221 BC, beginning with early dynasties like the Shang and Zhou which established bronze age cultures along the Yellow River. This was followed by the imperial era from 221 BC to 1912 AD, consisting of successive dynasties including the Qin which first unified China, the Han which established China's political and cultural influence, and the Tang and Song which were economic and technological golden ages. China then experienced foreign rule under the Yuan and Qing dynasties before the establishment of modern Communist China in 1949.
The document provides a detailed overview of Chinese history from ancient dynasties to modern times. It describes the major dynasties that ruled China in chronological order, key events and people of each dynasty period, as well as the development of Chinese economic systems and belief philosophies over time.
The document discusses the achievements of the Qin and Han dynasties in building a cohesive China. The Qin dynasty first unified China under Emperor Qin Shi Huang and established administrative reforms like standardized weights, measures and script. The Han dynasty expanded on these reforms and made economic achievements through irrigation projects and technological advances. It also spread Confucianism and connected with the West through the Silk Road, contributing to China's development.
Dynasties From The Post-Classical Era, And Post Classical...Erin Torres
Chinese dynasties from different time periods established different social structures based on factors like class, gender, and social mobility. The dynasties from the Classical Era, Post-Classical Era, and Early Modern Period each defined social structure in their own way while also maintaining some consistencies between eras. Specifically, the Ming and Qing dynasties from the Post-Classical Era shared similarities in social structure with the Song and Tang dynasties from the Early Modern Period based on class, gender, and social mobility.
Embark on a captivating journey through the realms of Chinese and Japanese literature, where centuries of storytelling traditions await discovery. From the evocative verses of ancient Chinese poets like Li Bai and Du Fu to the mesmerizing narratives of Japanese classics such as "The Tale of Genji" and "The Pillow Book," this anthology offers a glimpse into the cultural and literary landscapes of East Asia. Delve into the profound wisdom of Confucianism and Taoism, as well as the delicate aesthetics of Japanese aesthetics like wabi-sabi and mono no aware. "Whispers of the East" invites readers to immerse themselves in the beauty and complexity of these timeless tales, exploring themes of love, honor, nature, and the human condition that resonate across generations and continents.
1) China has one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations dating back to around 1500 BC along the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys.
2) Early dynasties included the Shang Dynasty which established the first Chinese civilization, and the Zhou Dynasty which expanded Chinese rule and developed the concept of the Mandate of Heaven.
3) The Qin Dynasty in the 3rd century BC was the first to unify China under an emperor, standardizing laws, currency, and language.
4) The long-lasting Han Dynasty expanded China territorially and economically along the Silk Road, though it eventually collapsed due to corruption and loss of control.
The Tang and Song dynasties saw periods of political unification and cultural and economic achievements in China, but also decline. The Tang expanded the Chinese empire through military campaigns and trade along the Silk Road but weakened due to internal corruption and external invasions. The Song modernized bureaucracy, developed new farming techniques, and pioneered printing paper money, but faced invasion from nomadic groups and the Mongols, culminating in the start of the Yuan dynasty in 1279. Neo-Confucianism became the new governing philosophy and footbinding emerged as a female tradition during this time period.
Chinese civilization by Zahida Amin - PakistanZahida16
Ancient Chinese civilization developed along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers in China between 2070 BC-1912 AD. Key periods included the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties which established early Chinese culture, followed by the Qin Dynasty which first unified China in 221 BC. The long-lasting Han Dynasty which ruled from 206 BC-220 AD saw advancements in agriculture, trade, and bureaucracy which established institutions that shaped China for the next 2,000 years. Imperial China was then governed by a succession of dynasties until 1912.
The document provides a timeline of Chinese dynasties and history from 581 AD to 1911 AD. It discusses the Sui Dynasty which reformed China and completed the Grand Canal. The Tang Dynasty expanded the empire and was a time of cultural excellence. The Song Dynasty saw growth and the invention of printing. The Yuan Dynasty was established by Kublai Khan and was the first non-Chinese ruling dynasty. The Ming Dynasty drove out the Mongols and established Beijing as the capital. The Qing Dynasty conquered the Ming and ruled until the 1911 revolution established the Republic of China.
Between 400-1280 CE, China was ruled by the Sui, Tang, Song, and Yuan dynasties. The Sui reunified China after years of war and built the Grand Canal for transportation. The Tang expanded the empire and saw economic growth through trade. The Song led a prosperous period but faced invaders from the north. In 1279, Kublai Khan and the Mongols conquered China and established the Yuan Dynasty, ruling from Beijing until 1368 when the Ming Dynasty took over. Confucianism was the dominant ideology while Buddhism and Daoism also grew in popularity. The economy advanced, especially in cities, through agriculture, manufacturing, and trade. Printing and gunpowder were invented during
1. Brief history of the country
China's history is rich with art, politics, science, and philosophy. It is home to the oldest of the major world civilizations. China was ruled by various dynasties for much of its history. The first dynasty is believed to be the Xia dynasty which formed somewhere around 2250 BC. The Shang or Yin dynasty gained power around the 14th century BC. The Han Dynasty, which lasted over 400 years from 206 BC to 220 AD, was one of the most influential in China's history. Much of the culture today was created during the Han Dynasty. Later famous dynasties, like the Song and the Tang, continued to refine the culture and bring new innovations to the world including printed money, a permanent navy, and a complex government that ruled over 100 million people.
Dynasties of China
The Xia Dynasty (2070–1600 BC) The Xia dynasty was founded by Yu the Great (c. 2123-2025 BC), known for developing a flood control technique that stopped the Great Flood that ravaged farmer's crops for generations. Very little is known about this dynasty and scholars believe it to be mythical or quasi-legendary
The Shang Dynasty (1600–1046 BC)
The Shang dynasty is the earliest recorded Chinese dynasty supported by archaeological evidence. 31 kings ruled much of the area along the Yellow River and made great advances in maths, astronomy and art. They used a highly developed calendar system and an early form of modern Chinese language.
The Zhou Dynasty (1045-221 BC)
The Zhou dynasty was the longest dynasty in the history of China, ruling for almost 8 centuries. The Zhous saw some of the greatest Chinese philosophers and poets: Lao-Tzu, Tao Chien, Confucius, Mencius, Mo Ti and the military strategist Sun-tzu.
Qin Dynasty (221–206 BC)
The Qin Dynasty was the first to unite China as a country under an emperor instead of a ruling clan, which meant the beginning of China's feudal era.The Qin Dynasty was the shortest dynasty in China, lasting only 15 years.
The First Emperor — Qin Shi Huang was first to use the title of emperor in China.
Qing Shi Huang standardized units of weight and measurements, as well as the writing system.
Great building projects, such as the Great Wall and the Terracotta Army were built in this era.
The Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD)
The Han Dynasty was one of the most powerful, prosperous, and important dynasties in China's history. Confucianism was elevated to orthodox status and Taoism, China's local religion, arose. Cai Lun improved the technique of paper making, Zhang Heng invented a seismograph that could measure earthquakes.
Wei, Jin, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties (220–581)
The Three Kingdoms (220-265), Jin Dynasty (265-420), Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (386-589) is one of the most important periods in Chinese history. Dan meets up with Total War: Three Kingdoms game developers to discuss fact and fiction within gaming narratives.
The Sui Dynasty (581–618)
The Sui Dynasty was a short, in
7 SS -- Ancient Chinese Civilizations (Chapter 4.1)Anthony_Maiorano
Ancient Chinese civilization extended back nearly 4,000 years and was ruled by a succession of dynasties. Key dynasties included the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties. The Han Dynasty ruled for 400 years and made important contributions such as developing the Silk Road, expanding trade, and establishing a strong central government. Chinese philosophy and religion also developed, with Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism influencing Chinese thought and culture.
China has a long and rich history spanning thousands of years. Some of the earliest dynasties include the Xia Dynasty around 2100 BC, noted for developing agriculture and early writing, and the Shang Dynasty from 1700-1100 BC, known for using oracle bones for divination. The Zhou Dynasty from 1100-221 BC saw the development of iron tools, money, and written laws. Confucius lived during this period and his teachings became China's dominant philosophy. Later dynasties like the Tang Dynasty from 618-907 AD and Han Dynasty from 206 BC - 220 AD were periods of cultural and economic prosperity, as well as influence on neighboring regions like Japan and introduction of Buddhism to China.
The document summarizes the unification of China under the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE and the subsequent Han dynasty that ruled from 206 BCE to 220 CE. It describes how the Qin used legalist policies like standardized laws and script to bring political stability after the warring states period. The Han dynasty consolidated centralized rule through Confucian education and expansion. However, economic prosperity led to social tensions that eventually contributed to the collapse of the Han dynasty in the 3rd century CE, dividing China again.
The document provides an overview of ancient Chinese history from 1750 BCE to 170 CE. It summarizes the major dynasties including the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties. The Shang dynasty ruled from 1750 BCE to 1122 BCE and was known for its mastery of bronze casting. The Zhou dynasty overthrew the Shang in 1027 BCE and introduced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify changes in ruling dynasties. The Qin dynasty in 221 BCE was the first to unify China under an imperial system, while the long-lasting Han dynasty from 202 BCE to 220 CE expanded the empire and saw major technological advances such as the invention of paper.
Expansion and Isolationism in Eurasia How did approaches t.docxelbanglis
Expansion and Isolationism in Eurasia
How did approaches to cultural interaction shape empires in Eurasia?
Introduction
In 1279, under the leadership of Kublai Khan, the Mongols ousted the Song dynasty
and completed their conquest of China. As they
took control, they established the Yuan dynasty,
with Kublai Khan serving as emperor. However,
Mongol rule over China was relatively short lived.
Within 100 years, the Yuan dynasty would be
forced out by Chinese rebels.
Under Mongol rule, the Chinese became
increasingly angered by policies that favored
Mongols and foreigners. This anger and resentment
eventually resulted in unrest. Around 1350, small
states in China began to emerge to fight the
Mongols. Chinese leaders turned to military force to
advance their interests and establish regional
power. Some leaders were members of the upper class, and others were religious
leaders or bandits supported by peasants. By the middle of the 1350s, these Chinese
powers were united in their campaign to get rid of Mongol rule.
The years of ongoing warfare spurred military innovation among the Chinese.
Although the Mongols had access to gunpowder weapons, they did not develop new
technologies. In contrast, the first large cannons in China were manufactured by the
Chinese rebels. While the term “Gunpowder Empire” is often associated with the
Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire, the Chinese
advancements in gunpowder weaponry has led some historians to regard Ming China
as the world’s first gunpowder empire.
1
Expansion and Isolationism in Eurasia
How did approaches to cultural interaction shape empires in Eurasia?
In this lesson, you will learn about three countries in Eurasia that used gunpowder
to expand and maintain their control: China, Japan, and Russia. You will consider the
rise and fall of the Ming and Qing dynasties in China. You will examine the unification of
Japan under the Tokugawa. Finally, you will explore the growth of the Russian Empire
during the Romanov dynasty.
Section 1. China Under the Ming and Qing
Between the 14th and the early 20th centuries,
two dynasties governed China: the Ming and the Qing.
Both dynasties took power during times of upheaval.
To restore order, they established strong, centralized
rule and revived traditional Chinese values, including
Confucian ideals.
The Ming Revival By the mid-1300s, China was in
turmoil. The Mongols’ hold on power had became
unstable. Disease and natural disasters had weakened
the Mongol grip. Additionally, feuds broke out within the government, leaving the
countryside unprotected against bandits and rebels.
As life became more dangerous and difficult, Chinese peasants grew increasingly
frustrated with the incompetence of their rulers. Led by Zhu Yuanzhang, a peasant
uprising successfully invaded the city of Nanjing. In 1368, aided by gunpowder
weapons, Zhu and his army capt ...
1) Classical China saw the rise and fall of dynasties like the Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties over hundreds of years.
2) The Zhou dynasty established Confucianism and a unified written language while the Qin built the Great Wall and standardized currency.
3) The long-lasting Han dynasty developed a large bureaucracy, civil service exams, and infrastructure projects while promoting Confucian and Daoist philosophies.
The Qin and Tang Dynasties unified China through strong central governments. The Qin Dynasty standardized laws and currency, built the Great Wall of China, and unified the country through harsh rule. However, rebellions arose due to oppressive policies. The Tang Dynasty expanded China's territory and promoted trade, education, and Buddhism. The civil service exam system recruited officials based on merit. However, later heavy taxes led to rebellions and the dynasty's decline.
PART B Please response to these two original posts below. Wh.docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When
responding to these posts, please either expand the
thought, add additional insights, or respectfully disagree
and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of
opinions.
Original Post 1
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
To begin, I would like to remind us that being intrinsically valuable
means having values for just being us and nothing else. I believe
that human lives are intrinsically valuable in virtue of our
uniqueness. As a bio nerd, I would like to state the fact that there
are a lot of crossover events during meiosis, which create trillions
of different DNA combinations. Hence, from a biological
standpoint, without considering other aspects, being you is
already valuable because you are that one sperm that won the
race and got fertilized. On a larger scale, there are hardly two
people whose look and behaviors are the same in the same
family, unless they are identical twins. However, identical twins
still act differently and have differences (such as fingerprints).
Since we are raised in different families, we are taught different
things and have different cultures. In general, we all have
different genetic information, appearances, personalities, senses
of humor, ambitions, talents, interests and life experiences. These
characteristics make up our “unique individual value” and make
us so unique and irreplaceable.
I would also love to discuss how our diversities enrich and
contribute to society, but that would be a talk about our extrinsic
values.
Original Post 2
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
I believe that human lives are intrinsically valuable due to a
number of reasons. Firstly, human lives aren’t replaceable. You
can’t replace a human being with another just like you can
replace a broken laptop with brand new one. Part of the reason
why we tend to think this way is that we were nurtured with the
notion that there is, indeed, a special value to human life. This
could be in virtue of our uniqueness-- the fact that we are
sentient and capable of complex thoughts and emotions
separates us from any other species on this planet. From a
scientific standpoint, this is also one of the reasons as to why
humans became the dominant species in today’s age.
Moreover, human lives aren’t disposable. I think this is largely due
to us humans having the ability to empathize with others. We
understand that it’s morally inappropriate to take the life of
another individual even if they’re complete strangers because
they’re another human being like us who has their own thoughts,
values, memories, and stories. In a way, we have a strong
emotional connection to our own species. As .
Part C Developing Your Design SolutionThe Production Cycle.docxsmile790243
Part C Developing Your Design
Solution
The Production Cycle
Within the four stages of the design workflow there are two distinct parts.
The first three stages, as presented in Part B of this book, were described
as ‘The Hidden Thinking’ stages, as they are concerned with undertaking
the crucial behind-the-scenes preparatory work. You may have completed
them in terms of working through the book’s contents, but in visualisation
projects they will continue to command your attention, even if that is
reduced to a background concern.
You have now reached the second distinct part of the workflow which
involves developing your design solution. This stage follows a production
cycle, commencing with rationalising design ideas and moving through to
the development of a final solution.
The term cycle is appropriate to describe this stage as there are many loops
of iteration as you evolve rapidly between conceptual, practical and
technical thinking. The inevitability of this iterative cycle is, in large part,
again due to the nature of this pursuit being more about optimisation rather
than an expectation of achieving that elusive notion of perfection. Trade-
offs, compromises, and restrictions are omnipresent as you juggle ambition
and necessary pragmatism.
How you undertake this stage will differ considerably depending on the
nature of your task. The creation of a relatively simple, single chart to be
slotted into a report probably will not require the same rigour of a formal
production cycle that the development of a vast interactive visualisation to
be used by the public would demand. This is merely an outline of the most
you will need to do – you should edit, adapt and participate the steps to fit
with your context.
There are several discrete steps involved in this production cycle:
Conceiving ideas across the five layers of visualisation design.
Wireframing and storyboarding designs.
Developing prototypes or mock-up versions.
219
Testing.
Refining and completing.
Launching the solution.
Naturally, the specific approach for developing your design solution (from
prototyping through to launching) will vary hugely, depending particularly
on your skills and resources: it might be an Excel chart, or a Tableau
dashboard, an infographic created using Adobe Illustrator, or a web-based
interactive built with the D3.js library. As I have explained in the book’s
introduction, I’m not going to attempt to cover the myriad ways of
implementing a solution; that would be impossible to achieve as each task
and tool would require different instructions.
For the scope of this book, I am focusing on taking you through the first
two steps of this cycle – conceiving ideas and wireframing/storyboarding.
There are parallels here with the distinctions between architecture (design)
and engineering (execution) – I’m effectively chaperoning you through to
the conclusion of your design thinking.
To fulfil this, Part C presents a detailed breakdown of the many design
.
PART A You will create a media piece based around the theme of a.docxsmile790243
PART A:
You will create a media piece based around the theme of “alternative facts.
Fake News:
Create a
series of 3
short, “fake news” articles or news videos. They should follow a specific theme. Make sure to have a clear understanding of WHY your fake news is being created (fake news is used by people, groups, companies, etc to convince an unsuspecting audience of something. It’s supposed to seem real, but the motivation behind it is to deceive. As part of this option, consider what your motivations are for your deception).
Part A: should be around 750 words for written tasks (or 250 for each 3 part task)
PART B:
The focus for this assignment is to demonstrate a
clear understanding of media conventions
, as well as
purpose
and
audience
. Therefore, along with your media product, you’ll also be required to submit a short
reflection
detailing why you created your product and for whom it was intended. You must discuss and analyze the elements within your media product (including why & how you used the persuasive techniques of ethos, logos and pathos) as well as the other elements of media you used and why.
.
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patien.docxsmile790243
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patient Outcomes
Provide a paragraph summary addressing the topics implications to nursing practice and patient outcomes. This section is NOT another review of the literature or introduction of new topics related to the PICOT question.
You may find if helpful to begin each topic with -
Nurses need to know …
Important patient outcomes include …
Example
– please note this is an older previous students work and so some references are older than 5 years.
Be sure to provide the PICOT question to begin this post.
PICOT Question:
P=Patient Population
I=Intervention
C=Comparison
O=Outcome
T=Time (duration):
In patients in the hospital, (P)
how does frequently provided patient hand washing (I)
compared with patient initiated hand washing (C)
affect hospital acquired infection (O)
within the hospital stay (T)
Implications to Nursing Practice & Patient Outcomes
Nurses need to know that they play a significant role in the reduction of hospital acquired infection by ensuring by health care workers and patients wash hands since nurses have the most interactions with patients. Implementing hand hygiene protocol with patients can enhance awareness and decrease healthcare associated infection (HAI). Both nurses and patients need to know that HAI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well cost of treatment and length of hospital stay. Nurses and patients also need to know that most HAI is preventable. Gujral (2015) notes that proper hand hygiene is the single most important, simplest, and least expensive means of reducing prevalence of HAI and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Nurse and patient hand washing plays a vital role in decreasing healthcare costs and infections in all settings.
References
Gujral, H. (2015.) Survey shows importance of hand washing for infection prevention. American Nurse Today, 10 (10), 20. Retrieved from hEp://www.nursingworld.org/AmericanNurseToday
.
PART AHepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be e.docxsmile790243
PART A
Hepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be either silent (with no noticeable symptoms) or debilitating. Either way, 80% of infected persons experience continuing liver destruction. Chronic hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver transplants in the United States. The virus that causes it is blood borne, and therefore patients who undergo frequent procedures involving transfer of blood are particularly susceptible to infection. Kidney dialysis patients belong to this group. In 2008, a for-profit hemodialysis facility in New York was shut down after nine of its patients were confirmed as having become infected with hepatitis C while undergoing hemodialysis treatments there between 2001 and 2008.
When the investigation was conducted in 2008, investigators found that 20 of the facility’s 162 patients had been documented with hepatitis C infection at the time they began their association with the clinic. All the current patients were then offered hepatitis C testing, to determine how many had acquired hepatitis C during the time they were receiving treatment at the clinic. They were considered positive if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus.
Health officials did not test the workers at the hemodialysis facility for hepatitis C because they did not view them as likely sources of the nine new infections. Why not?
Why do you think patients were tested for antibody to the virus instead of for the presence of the virus itself?
Ref.: Cowan, M. K. (2014) (4th Ed.). Microbiology: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill
PART B
Summary:
Directions for the students: There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Current APA Citations are required for all responses.
1. Precisely what is microbial death?
2. Why does a population of microbes not die instantaneously when exposed to an antimicrobial agent?
3. Explain what is wrong with this statement: “Prior to vaccination, the patient’s skin was sterilized with alcohol.” What would be a more correct wording?
4. Conduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today. Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence and citations to support your stance.
.
Part A post your answer to the following question1. How m.docxsmile790243
Potential negative reactions from others to an adolescent questioning their sexual identity or gender role could negatively impact their social environment, behavior, and self-esteem. As social workers, we can play a role in creating a supportive environment for these adolescents by educating families and communities, advocating for inclusive policies, and providing counseling and resources to help adolescents accept themselves and develop coping strategies.
PART BPlease response to these two original posts below..docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When responding to
these posts, please either expand the thought, add additional insights, or
respectfully disagree and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of opinions.
Original Post 1
"What is moral relativism? Why might people be attracted to it? Is
it plausible?"
First of all, moral relativism is the view that moral truths are
subjective and depend on each individual's standpoints. Based
on this, everyone's moral view is legitimate. This can be attracted
because it sounds liberating and there is no need to argue for a
particular position. Moral relativism seems convincing in some
cases. For example, some people are okay with giving money to
homeless people, thinking that it's good to provide for the people
in need. Some people, on the other hand, claim that they can
work to satisfy their own needs. Moral relativism works well in
these cases because they all seem legitimate. However, there are
cases that moral relativism does not seem reasonable. For
example, child sacrifice in some cultures seems cruel and
uncivilized to most people. Hence, moral relativism is not
absolutely true.
Original Post 2
“Is your death bad for you, specifically, or only (at most) for others? Why
might someone claim that it isn’t bad for you?”
I'd start off by acknowledging what the two ancient philosophers,
Lucretius and Epicurus, outlined about death. They made the
point that death isn't necessarily bad for you since no suffering
takes place and that you yourself don't realize your own death. In
this way, one could make the claim that death isn't intrinsically
bad for you.
Another perspective I wanted to add was the influence of death
(both on you and others around you). Specifically, the event of
death itself may not be bad for you, but the idea of impending
death could impact one's life. Some may live freely, totally care-
free, accepting of death and enjoy life in the moment. Others may
be frightened by the idea of death that they live in constant fear
and hence death causing their mental health to take its toll. In
this way, I'd argue that death could, in fact, be bad for you. One
common reason for being afraid of death is the fear of being
forgotten. Not to mention the death of an individual certainly
affects others; death doesn't affect one's life but also all that is
connected to it. Focusing back to the point, it's clear that the
very idea of death directly affects the concerned individual. The
fact that those who live in fear of death are looking for legacies
and footprints to leave after they leave this world is telling of how
death could be arguably bad for you before it even happens.
PART A
Pick one or more questions below and write a substantive post
with >100 words. Please try to provide evidence(s) to support
your idea(s).
Questions:
• Do we have a duty to work out whe.
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Expansion and Isolationism in Eurasia How did approaches t.docxelbanglis
Expansion and Isolationism in Eurasia
How did approaches to cultural interaction shape empires in Eurasia?
Introduction
In 1279, under the leadership of Kublai Khan, the Mongols ousted the Song dynasty
and completed their conquest of China. As they
took control, they established the Yuan dynasty,
with Kublai Khan serving as emperor. However,
Mongol rule over China was relatively short lived.
Within 100 years, the Yuan dynasty would be
forced out by Chinese rebels.
Under Mongol rule, the Chinese became
increasingly angered by policies that favored
Mongols and foreigners. This anger and resentment
eventually resulted in unrest. Around 1350, small
states in China began to emerge to fight the
Mongols. Chinese leaders turned to military force to
advance their interests and establish regional
power. Some leaders were members of the upper class, and others were religious
leaders or bandits supported by peasants. By the middle of the 1350s, these Chinese
powers were united in their campaign to get rid of Mongol rule.
The years of ongoing warfare spurred military innovation among the Chinese.
Although the Mongols had access to gunpowder weapons, they did not develop new
technologies. In contrast, the first large cannons in China were manufactured by the
Chinese rebels. While the term “Gunpowder Empire” is often associated with the
Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire, the Chinese
advancements in gunpowder weaponry has led some historians to regard Ming China
as the world’s first gunpowder empire.
1
Expansion and Isolationism in Eurasia
How did approaches to cultural interaction shape empires in Eurasia?
In this lesson, you will learn about three countries in Eurasia that used gunpowder
to expand and maintain their control: China, Japan, and Russia. You will consider the
rise and fall of the Ming and Qing dynasties in China. You will examine the unification of
Japan under the Tokugawa. Finally, you will explore the growth of the Russian Empire
during the Romanov dynasty.
Section 1. China Under the Ming and Qing
Between the 14th and the early 20th centuries,
two dynasties governed China: the Ming and the Qing.
Both dynasties took power during times of upheaval.
To restore order, they established strong, centralized
rule and revived traditional Chinese values, including
Confucian ideals.
The Ming Revival By the mid-1300s, China was in
turmoil. The Mongols’ hold on power had became
unstable. Disease and natural disasters had weakened
the Mongol grip. Additionally, feuds broke out within the government, leaving the
countryside unprotected against bandits and rebels.
As life became more dangerous and difficult, Chinese peasants grew increasingly
frustrated with the incompetence of their rulers. Led by Zhu Yuanzhang, a peasant
uprising successfully invaded the city of Nanjing. In 1368, aided by gunpowder
weapons, Zhu and his army capt ...
1) Classical China saw the rise and fall of dynasties like the Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties over hundreds of years.
2) The Zhou dynasty established Confucianism and a unified written language while the Qin built the Great Wall and standardized currency.
3) The long-lasting Han dynasty developed a large bureaucracy, civil service exams, and infrastructure projects while promoting Confucian and Daoist philosophies.
The Qin and Tang Dynasties unified China through strong central governments. The Qin Dynasty standardized laws and currency, built the Great Wall of China, and unified the country through harsh rule. However, rebellions arose due to oppressive policies. The Tang Dynasty expanded China's territory and promoted trade, education, and Buddhism. The civil service exam system recruited officials based on merit. However, later heavy taxes led to rebellions and the dynasty's decline.
Similar to Lecture Outline 6 Political Thought & Religion in Early China.docx (15)
PART B Please response to these two original posts below. Wh.docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When
responding to these posts, please either expand the
thought, add additional insights, or respectfully disagree
and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of
opinions.
Original Post 1
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
To begin, I would like to remind us that being intrinsically valuable
means having values for just being us and nothing else. I believe
that human lives are intrinsically valuable in virtue of our
uniqueness. As a bio nerd, I would like to state the fact that there
are a lot of crossover events during meiosis, which create trillions
of different DNA combinations. Hence, from a biological
standpoint, without considering other aspects, being you is
already valuable because you are that one sperm that won the
race and got fertilized. On a larger scale, there are hardly two
people whose look and behaviors are the same in the same
family, unless they are identical twins. However, identical twins
still act differently and have differences (such as fingerprints).
Since we are raised in different families, we are taught different
things and have different cultures. In general, we all have
different genetic information, appearances, personalities, senses
of humor, ambitions, talents, interests and life experiences. These
characteristics make up our “unique individual value” and make
us so unique and irreplaceable.
I would also love to discuss how our diversities enrich and
contribute to society, but that would be a talk about our extrinsic
values.
Original Post 2
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
I believe that human lives are intrinsically valuable due to a
number of reasons. Firstly, human lives aren’t replaceable. You
can’t replace a human being with another just like you can
replace a broken laptop with brand new one. Part of the reason
why we tend to think this way is that we were nurtured with the
notion that there is, indeed, a special value to human life. This
could be in virtue of our uniqueness-- the fact that we are
sentient and capable of complex thoughts and emotions
separates us from any other species on this planet. From a
scientific standpoint, this is also one of the reasons as to why
humans became the dominant species in today’s age.
Moreover, human lives aren’t disposable. I think this is largely due
to us humans having the ability to empathize with others. We
understand that it’s morally inappropriate to take the life of
another individual even if they’re complete strangers because
they’re another human being like us who has their own thoughts,
values, memories, and stories. In a way, we have a strong
emotional connection to our own species. As .
Part C Developing Your Design SolutionThe Production Cycle.docxsmile790243
Part C Developing Your Design
Solution
The Production Cycle
Within the four stages of the design workflow there are two distinct parts.
The first three stages, as presented in Part B of this book, were described
as ‘The Hidden Thinking’ stages, as they are concerned with undertaking
the crucial behind-the-scenes preparatory work. You may have completed
them in terms of working through the book’s contents, but in visualisation
projects they will continue to command your attention, even if that is
reduced to a background concern.
You have now reached the second distinct part of the workflow which
involves developing your design solution. This stage follows a production
cycle, commencing with rationalising design ideas and moving through to
the development of a final solution.
The term cycle is appropriate to describe this stage as there are many loops
of iteration as you evolve rapidly between conceptual, practical and
technical thinking. The inevitability of this iterative cycle is, in large part,
again due to the nature of this pursuit being more about optimisation rather
than an expectation of achieving that elusive notion of perfection. Trade-
offs, compromises, and restrictions are omnipresent as you juggle ambition
and necessary pragmatism.
How you undertake this stage will differ considerably depending on the
nature of your task. The creation of a relatively simple, single chart to be
slotted into a report probably will not require the same rigour of a formal
production cycle that the development of a vast interactive visualisation to
be used by the public would demand. This is merely an outline of the most
you will need to do – you should edit, adapt and participate the steps to fit
with your context.
There are several discrete steps involved in this production cycle:
Conceiving ideas across the five layers of visualisation design.
Wireframing and storyboarding designs.
Developing prototypes or mock-up versions.
219
Testing.
Refining and completing.
Launching the solution.
Naturally, the specific approach for developing your design solution (from
prototyping through to launching) will vary hugely, depending particularly
on your skills and resources: it might be an Excel chart, or a Tableau
dashboard, an infographic created using Adobe Illustrator, or a web-based
interactive built with the D3.js library. As I have explained in the book’s
introduction, I’m not going to attempt to cover the myriad ways of
implementing a solution; that would be impossible to achieve as each task
and tool would require different instructions.
For the scope of this book, I am focusing on taking you through the first
two steps of this cycle – conceiving ideas and wireframing/storyboarding.
There are parallels here with the distinctions between architecture (design)
and engineering (execution) – I’m effectively chaperoning you through to
the conclusion of your design thinking.
To fulfil this, Part C presents a detailed breakdown of the many design
.
PART A You will create a media piece based around the theme of a.docxsmile790243
PART A:
You will create a media piece based around the theme of “alternative facts.
Fake News:
Create a
series of 3
short, “fake news” articles or news videos. They should follow a specific theme. Make sure to have a clear understanding of WHY your fake news is being created (fake news is used by people, groups, companies, etc to convince an unsuspecting audience of something. It’s supposed to seem real, but the motivation behind it is to deceive. As part of this option, consider what your motivations are for your deception).
Part A: should be around 750 words for written tasks (or 250 for each 3 part task)
PART B:
The focus for this assignment is to demonstrate a
clear understanding of media conventions
, as well as
purpose
and
audience
. Therefore, along with your media product, you’ll also be required to submit a short
reflection
detailing why you created your product and for whom it was intended. You must discuss and analyze the elements within your media product (including why & how you used the persuasive techniques of ethos, logos and pathos) as well as the other elements of media you used and why.
.
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patien.docxsmile790243
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patient Outcomes
Provide a paragraph summary addressing the topics implications to nursing practice and patient outcomes. This section is NOT another review of the literature or introduction of new topics related to the PICOT question.
You may find if helpful to begin each topic with -
Nurses need to know …
Important patient outcomes include …
Example
– please note this is an older previous students work and so some references are older than 5 years.
Be sure to provide the PICOT question to begin this post.
PICOT Question:
P=Patient Population
I=Intervention
C=Comparison
O=Outcome
T=Time (duration):
In patients in the hospital, (P)
how does frequently provided patient hand washing (I)
compared with patient initiated hand washing (C)
affect hospital acquired infection (O)
within the hospital stay (T)
Implications to Nursing Practice & Patient Outcomes
Nurses need to know that they play a significant role in the reduction of hospital acquired infection by ensuring by health care workers and patients wash hands since nurses have the most interactions with patients. Implementing hand hygiene protocol with patients can enhance awareness and decrease healthcare associated infection (HAI). Both nurses and patients need to know that HAI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well cost of treatment and length of hospital stay. Nurses and patients also need to know that most HAI is preventable. Gujral (2015) notes that proper hand hygiene is the single most important, simplest, and least expensive means of reducing prevalence of HAI and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Nurse and patient hand washing plays a vital role in decreasing healthcare costs and infections in all settings.
References
Gujral, H. (2015.) Survey shows importance of hand washing for infection prevention. American Nurse Today, 10 (10), 20. Retrieved from hEp://www.nursingworld.org/AmericanNurseToday
.
PART AHepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be e.docxsmile790243
PART A
Hepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be either silent (with no noticeable symptoms) or debilitating. Either way, 80% of infected persons experience continuing liver destruction. Chronic hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver transplants in the United States. The virus that causes it is blood borne, and therefore patients who undergo frequent procedures involving transfer of blood are particularly susceptible to infection. Kidney dialysis patients belong to this group. In 2008, a for-profit hemodialysis facility in New York was shut down after nine of its patients were confirmed as having become infected with hepatitis C while undergoing hemodialysis treatments there between 2001 and 2008.
When the investigation was conducted in 2008, investigators found that 20 of the facility’s 162 patients had been documented with hepatitis C infection at the time they began their association with the clinic. All the current patients were then offered hepatitis C testing, to determine how many had acquired hepatitis C during the time they were receiving treatment at the clinic. They were considered positive if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus.
Health officials did not test the workers at the hemodialysis facility for hepatitis C because they did not view them as likely sources of the nine new infections. Why not?
Why do you think patients were tested for antibody to the virus instead of for the presence of the virus itself?
Ref.: Cowan, M. K. (2014) (4th Ed.). Microbiology: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill
PART B
Summary:
Directions for the students: There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Current APA Citations are required for all responses.
1. Precisely what is microbial death?
2. Why does a population of microbes not die instantaneously when exposed to an antimicrobial agent?
3. Explain what is wrong with this statement: “Prior to vaccination, the patient’s skin was sterilized with alcohol.” What would be a more correct wording?
4. Conduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today. Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence and citations to support your stance.
.
Part A post your answer to the following question1. How m.docxsmile790243
Potential negative reactions from others to an adolescent questioning their sexual identity or gender role could negatively impact their social environment, behavior, and self-esteem. As social workers, we can play a role in creating a supportive environment for these adolescents by educating families and communities, advocating for inclusive policies, and providing counseling and resources to help adolescents accept themselves and develop coping strategies.
PART BPlease response to these two original posts below..docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When responding to
these posts, please either expand the thought, add additional insights, or
respectfully disagree and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of opinions.
Original Post 1
"What is moral relativism? Why might people be attracted to it? Is
it plausible?"
First of all, moral relativism is the view that moral truths are
subjective and depend on each individual's standpoints. Based
on this, everyone's moral view is legitimate. This can be attracted
because it sounds liberating and there is no need to argue for a
particular position. Moral relativism seems convincing in some
cases. For example, some people are okay with giving money to
homeless people, thinking that it's good to provide for the people
in need. Some people, on the other hand, claim that they can
work to satisfy their own needs. Moral relativism works well in
these cases because they all seem legitimate. However, there are
cases that moral relativism does not seem reasonable. For
example, child sacrifice in some cultures seems cruel and
uncivilized to most people. Hence, moral relativism is not
absolutely true.
Original Post 2
“Is your death bad for you, specifically, or only (at most) for others? Why
might someone claim that it isn’t bad for you?”
I'd start off by acknowledging what the two ancient philosophers,
Lucretius and Epicurus, outlined about death. They made the
point that death isn't necessarily bad for you since no suffering
takes place and that you yourself don't realize your own death. In
this way, one could make the claim that death isn't intrinsically
bad for you.
Another perspective I wanted to add was the influence of death
(both on you and others around you). Specifically, the event of
death itself may not be bad for you, but the idea of impending
death could impact one's life. Some may live freely, totally care-
free, accepting of death and enjoy life in the moment. Others may
be frightened by the idea of death that they live in constant fear
and hence death causing their mental health to take its toll. In
this way, I'd argue that death could, in fact, be bad for you. One
common reason for being afraid of death is the fear of being
forgotten. Not to mention the death of an individual certainly
affects others; death doesn't affect one's life but also all that is
connected to it. Focusing back to the point, it's clear that the
very idea of death directly affects the concerned individual. The
fact that those who live in fear of death are looking for legacies
and footprints to leave after they leave this world is telling of how
death could be arguably bad for you before it even happens.
PART A
Pick one or more questions below and write a substantive post
with >100 words. Please try to provide evidence(s) to support
your idea(s).
Questions:
• Do we have a duty to work out whe.
Part A (50 Points)Various men and women throughout history .docxsmile790243
Part A (50 Points):
Various men and women throughout history have made important contributions to the development of statistical science. Select any one (1) individual from the list below and write a 2 page summary of their influence on statistics. Be specific in detail to explain the concepts they developed and how this advanced our understanding and application of statistics.
Florence Nightingale
Francis Galton
Thomas Bayes
Part B (50 Points):
Select any one statistical concept you learned in this course and explain how it can be applied to our understanding of the Covid-19 pandemic (2 pages). You should use a specific example and include at least one diagram to illustrate your answer.
Please note: Your work must be original and not copied directly from other sources. No citations are needed. Be sure to submit this assignment in Blackboard on the due date specified.
.
This document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs). It begins with a matching exercise identifying structures of the urinary system. The second part addresses UTIs in more detail. It defines a UTI, discusses the microorganisms that cause UTIs and where they enter the body. It also explains common signs and symptoms of UTIs, as well as diagnostic tests and treatments. The document concludes by noting that UTIs are more common in women and describes some ways women can reduce their risk.
Part A Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your .docxsmile790243
The document describes developing two original age-appropriate activities for preschoolers. The first activity uses either Froebel's cube gift, parquetry gift, or Lincoln Logs and identifies two skills it develops. The second activity promotes the same skills but is based on the Montessori method. The summary describes each activity and notes two key differences between them.
Part 3 Social Situations2. Identify multicultural challenges th.docxsmile790243
Part 3: Social Situations
2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent
refugee.
• What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently
immigrated to a new country?
• Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s
four areas of development?
3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to
assist them in proper develop
Part 3: Social Situations
• Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee.
• Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges.
• 2-3 Pages in length
• APA Formatting
• Submission will be checked for plagiaris
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Part A
(1000 words): Annotated Bibliography - Create an annotated bibliography that focuses on ONE particular aspect of current Software Engineering that face a world with different cultural standards. At least seven (7) peer-reviewed articles must be used for this exercise.
Part B
(3000 words):
Research Report
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(Part A
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Annotated Bibliography
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Part C (500 words): Why is it important to try to minimize complexity in a software system.
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Part 6 Disseminating Results Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-sli.docxsmile790243
Part 6: Disseminating Results
Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-slide narrated PowerPoint presentation of your Evidence-Based Project:
· Be sure to incorporate any feedback or changes from your presentation submission in Module 5.
· Explain how you would disseminate the results of your project to an audience. Provide a rationale for why you selected this dissemination strategy.
Points Range: 81 (81%) - 90 (90%)
The narrated presentation accurately and completely summarizes the evidence-based project. The narrated presentation is professional in nature and thoroughly addresses all components of the evidence-based project.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly explains in detail how to disseminate the results of the project to an audience, citing specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly provides a justification that details the selection of this dissemination strategy that is fully supported by specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation provides a complete, detailed, and specific synthesis of two outside resources related to the dissemination strategy explained. The narrated presentation fully integrates at least two outside resources and two or three course-specific resources that fully support the presentation.
Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
Evidenced Based Change
Leslie Hill
Walden University
Introduction/PurposeChange is inevitable.Health care organizations need change to improve.There are challenges that need to be addressed(Baraka-Johnson et al. 2019).Challenges should be addressed using evidence-based research.These changes enhance professionalism therefore improving quality of care and quality of life.The purpose of this paper is to identify an existing problem in health care and suggest a change idea that would be effective in addressing the problem. The paper also articulates risks associated with the change process, how to distribute the change information and how to implement change successfully.
Organizational CultureThe Organization is a hospice facilityOffers end of life care for pain and symptom managementThe health care providers cu.
Part 3 Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicul.docxsmile790243
Part 3: Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges. • 2-3 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
Part 3: Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently immigrated to a new country? • Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s four areas of development? 3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to assist them in proper development.
.
Part 3 Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that .docxsmile790243
Part 3: Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently immigrated to a new country? • Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s four areas of development? 3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to assist them in proper development.
Part 3: Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges. • 2-3 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
.
Part 2The client is a 32-year-old Hispanic American male who c.docxsmile790243
Part 2
The client is a 32-year-old Hispanic American male who came to the United States when he was in high school with his father. His mother died back in Mexico when he was in school. He presents today to the PMHNPs office for an initial appointment for complaints of depression. The client was referred by his PCP after “routine” medical work-up to rule out an organic basis for his depression. He has no other health issues except for some occasional back pain and “stiff” shoulders which he attributes to his current work as a laborer in a warehouse. the “Montgomery- Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)” and obtained a score of 51 (indicating severe depression). reports that he always felt like an outsider as he was “teased” a lot for being “black” in high school. States that he had few friends, and basically kept to himself. He also reports a remarkably diminished interest in engaging in usual activities, states that he has gained 15 pounds in the last 2 months. He is also troubled with insomnia which began about 6 months ago, but have been progressively getting worse. He does report poor concentration which he reports is getting in “trouble” at work.
· Decision #1: start Zoloft 25mg orally daily
· Which decision did you select?
· Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
· Decision #2: Client returns to clinic in four weeks, reports a 25% decrease in symptoms but concerned over the new onset of erectile dysfunction
*add Augmentin Wellbutrin IR 150mg in the morning
· Why did you select this decision? Support y our response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
· Decision #3: Client returns to clinic in four weeks, Client stated that depressive symptoms have decreased even more and his erectile dysfunction has abated
· Client reports that he has been feeling “jittery” and sometimes “nervous”
*change to Wellbutrin XL 150mg daily
· Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
Explain how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients.
Conclusion.
Part 2For this section of the template, focus on gathering deta.docxsmile790243
Part 2:
For this section of the template, focus on gathering details about common, specific learning disabilities. These disabilities fall under the IDEA disability categories you researched for the chart above. Review the textbook and the topic study materials and use them to complete the chart.
Learning Disability Definition Characteristics Common Assessments for Diagnosis Potential Effect on Learning and Other Areas of Life Basic Strategies for Addressing the Disability
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)
Dyscalculia
Dysgraphia
Dyslexia
Dysphasia/Aphasia
Dyspraxia
Language Processing Disorder (LPD)
Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities
Visual Perceptual/Visual Motor Deficit
.
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observat.docxsmile790243
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observation findings for each area of development and connection to the observed participant. • Comprehensive description of the observed participant. • Analyzed observation experience with course material to determine whetherthe participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. • 4 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any comments from your instructor for Part 1: Observation. 2. Describe the participant that you observed. • Share your participant’s first name (can be fictional name if participant wants to remain anonymous), age, physical attributes, and you initial impressions. 3. Analyze your observation findings for each area of development (physical, cognitive, social/emotional, and spiritual/moral). • Explain how your observations support the 3-5 bullets for each area of development that you identified in your Development Observation Guidefrom Part 1: Observation. • Explain whether or not your participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. 4. What stood out the most to you about the observation? 5. Include at least 2 credible sources
.
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any.docxsmile790243
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any comments from your instructor for Part 1: Observation. 2. Describe the participant that you observed. • Share your participant’s first name (can be fictional name if participant wants to remain anonymous), age, physical attributes, and you initial impressions. 3. Analyze your observation findings for each area of development (physical, cognitive, social/emotional, and spiritual/moral). • Explain how your observations support the 3-5 bullets for each area of development that you identified in your Development Observation Guidefrom Part 1: Observation. • Explain whether or not your participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. 4. What stood out the most to you about the observation? 5. Include at least 2 credible sources
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observation findings for each area of development and connection to the observed participant. • Comprehensive description of the observed participant. • Analyzed observation experience with course material to determine whetherthe participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. • 4-6 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
.
Part 2Data collectionfrom your change study initiative,.docxsmile790243
Part 2:
Data collection
from your change study initiative, sample, method, display of the results of the data itself, process, and method of analysis (graphs, charts, frequency counts, descriptive statistics of the data, narrative)
Part 3: Interpretation of the results of the Data
Collection and
Analysis, address likely resistance, and provide recommendations for continuing
the study
or evaluating your change study/initiative.
.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Website: https://pecb.com/
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Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Lecture Outline 6 Political Thought & Religion in Early China.docx
1. Lecture Outline 6: Political Thought & Religion in Early China
& Japan
In this section you will find:
1) Chapter Overview
2) Major Concepts
3) Terms You Should Know the Significance
4) Map Activity (Concept of Place)
5) Concept of Time (Relationships in Time)
Print the material and use it as a guide when you study the main
text.
1. Chapter Overview
CHINA'S FIRST EMPIRE (221bc-220ce)
One of the key turning points in Chinese history was the third
century bc, when the old, quasi -feudal Chou
multi-state system gave way to a centralized bureaucratic
government that built an empire from the steppe in
the north to Vietnam in the south. This first empire was divided
into three parts: Chin dynasty (256-206bc),
Former Han dynasty (206bc-8ce), and the Later Han dynasty
(24-220ce)
The Ch’in dynasty established its control on the geopolitical
advantages offered by the Wei River in
northwest China. This state was brutal and tough, yet stable.
Despite its harsh laws, it attracted farmers who
welcomed the security and order of its society. It relied on
Legalist Administrators who developed policies
for enriching the country and strengthening the military. Under
2. the control of the emperor, the Ch' in dynasty
expanded its territorial holdings, instituted bureaucratic
reforms, and stressed uniformity of thought in
establishing a centralized state. The Great Wall of China was
extended some fourteen hundred miles from the
Pacific Ocean to central Asia and is testament to the efficiency
and control of this dynasty. However, too
many changes in rapid succession caused the entire system to
collapse under the harsh rule of the dynasty.
Rebellion spread as the Ch’in government lost its popular
support.
The first emperor of the Han dynasty, Kao Tzu of plebeian
origin, established the capital in the Wei basin
close to the former capitals of the Chou and Ch' in dynasties.
Although it took many years to consolidate
power, this action permitted a degree of continuity to exist in
the political development of China. The second
phase of the dynastic cycle began with the rule of the martial
emperor, Wu Ti, in 141bc. Old policies like
government monopolies on salt, iron, liquor, etc. were
established to maintain control of China. Wu Ti
expanded the boundaries of China by sweeping south into North
Vietnam and north to central Manchuria and
North Korea. This aggressive leadership created a strong army
and led to the policy of using the barbarians to
control the barbarians, thus making allies of border nomads
against those more distant. This policy worked
for the most part and brought about the establishment of the
Silk Road that connected with the Roman
Empire.
During the course of the Han dynasty, the Legalist structure of
government became partially confucianized.
The Confucian classics gradually were accepted as the standard
for education and served as an ethical
3. justification for dynastic rule. After a period of instability and
civil war in which contending factions tried to
establish hegemony, the Han dynasty was restored and ruled
from 25-220ce. This Later Han period saw a
return to strong central government and a laissez -faire
economy. Their armies crossed the Gobi desert and
defeated the northern Hsuing Nu who migrated to the west
where they were known during the fifth century ce
as the Huns of Attila. Until 88ce, the emperors of the Later Han
were vigorous, but afterward they were
ineffective and short-lived. Political instability caused by
plotting empresses, eunuch conspiracies, and
religious rebellion plagued the dynasty until it was overthrown
by the military in 220ce. For more than three
and a half centuries after the fall of the Han, China was
disunited and dominated by aristocratic landowning
families. During this period, north and south China developed in
different ways. In the south, a succession of
six short-lived dynasties centered themselves around the capital
of Nanking and prospered economically,
although political chaos was widespread. In the north, state
formation resulted from the interaction of
nomadic tribes with the Chinese population. The short-lived
states that were organized are usually referred to
as the Sixteen Kingdoms. Amid endemic wars and differences in
languages, Buddhism was a common
denominator and served as a bridge between barbarians and
Chinese.
The Han period was creative in many ways, but excelled in
philosophy and history. Many Confucian texts
were recovered during this time and scholars began writing
commentaries on the classics. The Chinese were
4. the greatest historians of the pre-modern world and emphasized
primary source evaluation. As the Han waned
in influence, some scholars abandoned Confucianism altogether
in favor of Neo-Taoism or mysterious
learning; this was a reaction against the rigidity of Confucian
doctrine and defined the natural as pleasurable.
They sought immortality in dietary restrictions, meditation, and
sexual abstinence or orgies and emphasized
an amalgam of beliefs including an afterlife of innumerable
heavens and hell where good and evil would be
recompensed. The text goes on to discuss Buddhist doctrine and
its spread into China. As the socio-political
order collapsed in the third century ce, Buddhism spread rapidly
and was especially influential by the fifth
century.
IMPERIAL CHINA (589-1368)
It is characterized by a lot of cultural and philosophical
contributions. This time, which corresponds to the
European middle ages, the most notable feature of Chinese
history was the reunification of China and the re-
creation of a centralized bureaucratic empire consciously
modeled on the earlier Han dynasty (206bc -220ce).
China was able to develop a unified state at a time when
political fragmentation in Europe brought about
small, independent kingdoms.
The Sui dynasty (589-618) sprang from Chinese-Turkish
origins, reestablished a centralized bureaucracy and
rebuilt the Great Wall and other public works. After a period of
political disintegration and civil war among
contending aristocratic factions, the Tang dynasty was
established. Chinese historians have often compared
the short-lived Sui dynasty with that of the Ch’in in that it
provided a foundation for the subsequent progress
5. of China
The Tang dynasty (618-907) established an efficient
bureaucracy through frugality, and expanded Chinese
borders to their greatest extent. The chapter explains the
intricacies of T ang administration especially during
the years of good rule from 624-755. Although the government
was centered on the figure of the emperor,
aristocrats were given generous tax concessions and served as
officials at court. Women continued to play a
role in government; a concubine, Wu Chao, (625-706) ruled for
seven years as regent before she deposed her
son and ascended to sole power herself.
The reign of the emperor Hsuan-Tsung (713-756) is particularly
noted for its cultural brilliance, and the
capital grew to approximately two million people. The Tang
dynasty applied a four tier foreign policy of
military aggression, use of nomads against other nomadic tribes,
establishment of strong border defenses
(Great Wall), and diplomatic action. However, during the mid-
eighth century, China s frontiers began to
contract and external enemies in Manchuria and Tibet
contributed to growing internal dissension. By 907, the
Tang dynasty had been carved into independent kingdoms. Still,
the fall of the Tang did not lead to the kind
of division that had followed the Han.
The creativity of the Tang cultural period arose from the
juxtaposition and interaction of cosmopolitan,
medieval Buddhist, and secular elements. Tang culture was
cosmopolitan not just because of its broad
contacts with other cultures and peoples, but because of its
openness to them. The reestablishment of a
centralized bureaucracy stimulated the tradition of learning and
contributed to the reappearance of secular
6. scholarship. For the first time, scholars wrote comprehensive
institutional histories, compiled dictionaries,
and wrote commentaries on the Confucian classics. The most
famous poets of the period were Li Po (701-
762) and Tu Fu (712 -770), who were often quite secular in
their literary approach.
The Sung dynasty (960-1279) continued the normal pattern of
dynastic cycles set in Chinese history. The
breakdown of the empire into northern and southern sections
after 1127 was followed by the Mongol
conquest of the Southern Sung in 1279. Instead of a detailed
enumeration of emperors and court officials, the
chapter emphasizes the various changes during the Tang and
Sung dynasties that affected China s agriculture,
society, economy, state, and culture. Taken together, the
developments in these areas explain why China did
not lapse into disunity after the political collapse of the Tang
dynasty.
The greatest achievements of the Sung dynasty were in
philosophy, poetry, and painting. The Neo-Confucian
ideas of Chu Hsi (1130-1200) brought a degree of stability to
Chinese society. The outstanding poet of the
period was Su Tung Po (1037-1101), who believed in a limited
role for government and social control
through morality. A leading painting style, in which human
figures were not the dominant focus of the art
form, was created by Shih Ko.
The Sung dynasty collapsed by 1279 under the military
dominance of the Mongols. Genghis Khan united the
various Mongol tribes and, bent on world domination,
7. established an empire that extended from the Caspian
Sea to the Pacific Ocean. The Mongol rule in China is but a
chapter of a larger story. In 1279, under Genghis
grandson, Kublai, the Yuan dynasty was established, but it did
not change Chinese high culture to any degree.
The language barrier assisted in preserving the Chinese way of
life. The Southern Sung area was the last to be
conquered and the least altered by Mongol control. The Yuan
dynasty collapsed in 1368.
CHAPTER 9: JAPAN EARLY HISTORY TO 1467
It is very important the role of Tang dynasty of China in
spreading civilization to Japan, Vietnam, and Korea.
Japanese historic development began with the Jomon culture
and was replaced about 300bc by immigrants
from the Korean peninsula who established the Yayoi culture.
They contributed their expertise in using
bronze and iron. According to Chinese historians, a queen
named Pimiko achieved a temporary hegemony
over some regional states in the third century ce. Emerging
directly from the Yayoi culture was a period from
300-600ce characterized by tomb mounds. The Yamato period is
known to us through Chinese records and
the earliest Japanese accounts of its own history: Records of
Ancient Matters and Records of Japan. They
recall political power struggles at court between aristocratic
families and constant wars in outlying regions.
The Yamato period continued to be influenced by Koreans who
introduced Buddhism to Japan in 532. The
indigenous religion of Japan, however, was an animistic
worship of the forces of nature called Shinto, or the
way of the gods.
A major turning point in Japanese history was its adoption of
8. the higher civilization of China beginning in the
early seventh century. Official embassies began to China in
607ce that included traders, students, Buddhist
monks, and representatives of the great Yamato kings. The
emperor Temmu (673-686) established a kingship
along Chinese lines, styling himself as the heavenly emperor.
The emperors at the Nara (710-794) and Heian
(794-1156) courts in Japan were both Confucian rulers with the
majesty accorded by Chinese law, and Shinto
rulers descended from the Sun Goddess. Protected by an aura of
the sacred, their lineage was never usurped;
all Japanese history constitutes a single dynasty. The chapter
then details the Japanese governmental
structure, noting the similarities and differences with that of
China.
The land system of Nara and Heian Japan was the equal field
system of the early Tang. However, this gave
way to the quota and estate system that contributed to the rise
of Samurai society. The court gave each
governor a tax quota and he in turn gave one to each district
magistrate; any amount collected over the quota,
he kept. In this way, a new local ruling class was created. The
nobility became exempt from taxation on their
estates.
The conscript armies of the Nara had proved ineffective, so the
courts abolished conscription and began a
new system based on local mounted warriors called samurai
(those who serve). Their primary weapon was
the bow and arrow, used from the saddle. The samurai generally
came from well to do local families who
could afford to supply the costly weapons. Their initial function
was to preserve local order and help with tax
9. collection. But they also contributed to disorder as regional
military coalitions formed from the tenth century.
The chapter goes on to detail governmental institutions and
administrative relationships during the late Heian
period. Power was often shared between emperors and noble
clans such as the Fujiwara. In 1156, the House
of Tiara assumed control of Japan through support of a military
coalition.
The culture in Heian Japan was quickly assimilated from the
Tang culture of China and was the exclusive
preserve of the aristocracy. This explains why aristocrats found
commoners to be odd and hardly human. The
Chinese tradition remained strong and most writing of the
period, including legal codes, was done in Chinese.
The Japanese often evaluated their actions in the mirror of
Chinese history. Japanese writing developed in the
ninth century with the introduction of the Kana, a syllabic script
or alphabet. The greatest works of the period
were the Pillow Book and the first novel, Tale of Genji, both
written by women around 1010. These literary
tracts reflect wit, sensitivity, and psychological delineation of
character.
In Japan, Buddhism grew gradually during the seventh and
eighth centuries. The Japanese came to Buddhism
not from the philosophical perspectives of Confucianism or
Taoism, but from the magic and mystery of
Shinto. The appeal of Buddhism to the early Japanese was in its
colorful and elaborate rituals. Two new
Buddhist sects, the Tendai and Shingon, were established
respectively by Saicho and Kukai in the late eighth
and early ninth centuries. Shinto religion was generally
absorbed into the faith and only disentangled from
Buddhism in the mid nineteenth century.
10. The year 1185 was a major turning point in Japanese history. It
began a shift from centuries of rule by a civil
aristocracy to centuries of military control. It saw the formation
of the bakufu (tent government), a
completely non-chinese type of government under the initial
leadership of Minamoto Yoritomo. Centering his
rule in Kamakura, this bakufu lasted from 1185 to 1333. This
period also saw the emergence of the sh艒gun
as the de facto ruler of Japan, though in theory he was but a
military official of the emperor. It marked the
beginning of new cultural forms and changes in family and
social organization. The chapter details the rule of
Yoritomo, Kamakura feudalism, and the role of women in a
warrior society.
Between 1331 and 1336, Japan entered upon a period of turmoil
from which emerged a regional multistate
system centering on Kyoto, called the Ashikaga Bakufu (1336
dash;1467). Each region was based on a
warrior band, and civil and military posts were fused, which
provided a greater degree of control over the
population. The chapter concludes with an assessment of
Buddhism and medieval culture. Zen, in particular,
influenced the arts of medieval Japan. Aristocratic creativity
was often seen as grounded in the experience of
meditation. There were new art forms as well such as N艒 play,
a kind of mystery drama with no parallels in
East Asia.
2. Major Concepts
The Dynastic Cycle: Historians of China have seen a pattern in
every dynasty of long duration. This dynastic
cycle begins with internal wars that eventually lead to the
military unification of China. The successful
11. unifier then justifies his rule by emphasizing that he has a
mandate from heaven. The emperor consolidates
his power, restores peace and order to China, and launches
several energetic reforms and public works
projects. During the peak of this phase, China expands
militarily and appears invincible. But then the cycle
turns downward because of the increased costs of empire and
opulence at court, which require additional
taxes on a burdened populace. The vigor of the monarch wanes,
intrigues develop, and central controls loosen
as provincial governors and military commanders gain
autonomy. Finally, public works fall into disrepair,
rebellions break out, and the dynasty collapses. In the view of
Confucian historians, the last emperors were
not only politically weak, but morally culpable as well.
Contenders for Imperial Power: The court during the Han
dynasty exhibited features that would appear in
later dynasties as well. The emperor was the Son of Heaven,
omniscient and omnipotent in his authority. Yet
when he was weak or a child, others ruled in his name and they
emerged from four distinct categories: 1)
officials who staffed the apparatus of government, 2) the
empress dowager whose child had been named heir
to the throne, 3) court eunuchs who served in the emperor's
harem and often cultivated influence as
confidants, and 4) military commanders who became semi-
independent rulers and occasionally even usurped
the position of the emperor in the later phases of dynastic rule.
Yet they were less powerful than commanders
in the Roman Empire because their authority was limited to a
single campaign and commanders were
appointed in pairs so each would check the other.
12. Education in Early Dynastic China: Confucian classics formed
the primary base of education in early
dynastic China. The Ch’in dynasty, however, attempted to
eliminate all traces of Confucian doctrine and
replace it with Legalist concepts; this trend was reversed by the
Han dynasty. During this time period, the
study of philosophy and history were recognized as most
important for the promotion of sound government.
The Spread of Buddhism: In the first century, central Asian
missionaries brought Buddhism to China, where
it was first recognized as a new Taoist sect. As the Han socio-
political order collapsed in the third century ce,
Buddhism spread rapidly until it was firmly entrenched by the
fifth century. Though an alien religion in
China, Buddhism had some advantages over Taoism: a) it was a
doctrine of personal salvation b) it contained
high standards of personal ethics and c) it continued to receive
inspiration from the sophisticated meditative
practices of the Indian tradition. The core of Buddhist teaching
is the realization of simple truths: Life is
suffering, the cause of suffering is desire, death does not end
the endless cycle of birth and rebirth and only
the attainment of nirvana releases one from the wheel of Karma.
Thus, all of the cosmic drama of salvation is
centered in the figure of Buddha
Comparing China's First Empire and Roman Empire: The great
empires in China, India, and the
Mediterranean all came after revolutions in thought in which the
conception of universal political authority
derived from earlier philosophies. All three empires joined their
Iron Age technologies with new
organizational techniques to create superb military forces. Yet
there were differences as well: 1) China was a
13. much more homogeneous culture than was the polyglot empire
of Rome; 2) government in Han China was
more orderly, complex, and competent; government officials
controlled the military almost until the end,
whereas Rome suffered from chaotic leadership in the third
century ce and was in no sense a dynasty; and 3)
Roman power and unity was built gradually over centuries,
whereas China remained a multistate system right
up to 232bc and then was unified by one state in eleven years.
Varieties of Buddhism: During the early Tang dynasty, the
principal Buddhist sect was the Tientai. But after
its mid-9th century suppression, other sects came to the fore.
They included Maitreya (Mi Lo), a Buddha of
the future who will appear and create a paradise on earth;
Amitabha (A Mi To), the Lord of the Western
Paradise, who helped humans obtain salvation and whose sect
was the largest in China; and finally, Ch’an, or
Zen in Japanese. Zen was anti -intellectual in its emphasis on
direct intuition into one’s own Buddha-nature.
It taught that the historical Buddha was only a man and
exhorted each person to attain enlightenment by his
or her own efforts. The discipline of meditation, combined with
a Zen view of nature profoundly influenced
the arts in China, Korea and Japan.
Transitional Elements in Late Imperial China: Long term
changes in the society, economy and state
explain why China experienced only brief periods of disunity
after the collapse of the
Tang and Sung dynasties. The aristocracy weakened over the
course of the Tang dynasty, and its fall allowed
serfs to gain greater control of their land and the independence
to move as they pleased. Trade increased
14. during the Tang dynasty and commerce became more
sophisticated with exchange no longer based on silk but
rather on coins of copper and silver. The commutation of land
tax to a money tax gave farmers more control
over their own time. The transition during this period from
conscript to professional armies also resulted in
the stabilization of society. In government, imperial China
became more autocratic, with the Sung emperors
assuming direct personal control over state offices and
appointments. The aristocracy thus declined as a
separate political competitor and was elevated to positions of
influence through the examination system. The
central government during the Sung was also better funded
because of a growing population, tax base, and
the establishment of government monopolies on salt, wine, and
tea. Thus the gradual establishment of an
efficient, well-funded, and autocratic state reduced the potential
for long term dislocation of Chinese
civilization.
Mongol Control of China: The Mongols’ major objective was to
conquer China. This movement brought
them into contact with other superior civilizations. However,
the major concentration on China diverted their
small resource base to lessen the impact on the Chinese
population. Therefore, the high culture of China was
not lost to the barbarians, and after the fall of the Yuan dynasty
in 1368, Chinese civilization continued in the
pattern of the great empires. The Mongol efficiency in
controlling the empire proved to be a greater obstacle
than the more populated areas could overcome. The four groups,
with the Mongols at the top and the Chinese
at the bottom, brought about division within the Yuan Empire.
The continued language barrier between the
15. Mongols, speaking Altaic, and the Chinese brought constant
friction to the area. This activity did not permit
the Chinese civilization to continue in a manner much the same
as before the arrival of the Mongols.
Imperial China's Experience: Rough parallels between China
and Europe persisted until the sixth century
ce. But then, a fundamental divergence occurred. Europe tailed
off into centuries of feudal disunity while
China reunited and attained a new level of wealth, power, and
culture. Why? One reason was that the victory
of Buddhism was less complete than that of Christianity in
Europe. Confucianism survived within aristocratic
families and the concept of a united empire was integral to it. In
contrast, the Roman conception of political
order was not maintained as an independent doctrine, and
empire was not a vital concept in western Christian
thought. In addition, China possessed a greater cultural
homogeneity and higher population density; this
explains why China could absorb barbarian conquerors more
quickly than could Europe. Although
comparisons across continents are difficult, it seems likely that
Tang and Sung China had longer stretches of
good government than any other part of their contemporary
world. Not until the nineteenth century would
comparable bureaucracies of talent and virtue begin to appear in
the West.
Chinese Influence on Japan: Chinese civilization was a key
element in influencing the culture and
government of Japan. Official embassies to China began in
607ce, and the Japanese who studied there played
key roles in their government when they returned. Chinese
writings were used in official documents,
histories, and legal codes. Japanese writing only developed with
the Kana in the ninth century. The N艒 play
16. of the Ashikaga period was a unique move away from Chinese
influence.
Sh艒gun and Samurai: By 1200, Japanese military forces had
emerged as an organized and potent force for
change or stability. The samurai warriors hailed primarily from
local aristocracy and gave relative influence
to provincial strongmen as a feudal society similar to the
European experience developed. The Mongol
invasions of 1274 and 1281 brought more power to the hands of
the military as the country required
protection. Peasants were reduced to serf status and the society
was regulated. There is some dispute as to
whether Japanese feudalism actually involved fiefs in exchange
for military service, but there is no ambiguity
as to the vassal relationship and the warrior ethic. At first the sh
艒 gun served as the primary military
commander for the emperor, but by 1200, emperors generally
remained in a figurehead position.
Early Japanese History and Western Europe: The spread of
civilization in East Asia from its heartland in
China was more rapid than in the West because the Tang Empire
of China had been reestablished on a more
vital plane. Vietnam, Korea, and Japan all took advantage of the
Chinese model. Yet, because of Japan s large
population and distance from China, it proved eventually to be a
strong variant to the Chinese pattern in East
Asian civilization. Both Japan and western Europe had centuries
of feudalism and both areas began as
backward societies onto which heartland cultures were grafted
during the first millennium ce.
17. 3. Terms You Should Know the Significance
Chin dynasty
Former Han dynasty
Later Han dynasty
Kao Tzu
Great Wall of China
Wu Ti,
Silk Road
Nanking
Sixteen Kingdoms.
The Dynastic Cycle:
Sui
Tang
Sung
Yuan
Wu Chao
Hsuan-Tsung
Li Po
Tu Fu
Chu Hi
Su Tung Po
Shih Ko
Genghis Khan
Jomon culture
Yayoi culture.
Yamato
Shinto
Nara and Heian
Samurai
Kana.
bakufu and Minamoto Yoritomo.
Ashikaga Bakufu
4. Map Activity (Concept of Place)
18. Print out the Political Thought & Religion in Early China &
Japan map which is located under Course
Documents> Lesson 6: Political Thought & Religion in Early
China & Japan>Map Activity. Be careful: there
are two links, one has maps about China, and the other has maps
about Japan. You have to download only
two maps. Write the name of each item listed below in the
appropriate place. The page number in parentheses
refers to the map in chapter 8 and 9 of your textbook as sources
of information.
Map 8-1 (Page 223 of your textbook) The Tang Empire reached
its peak in the eighth century. Identify the
following:
1. Ch ang-an
2. Loyang
3. Hangchow
4. Nan-chao
5. Tibet
6. Japan
7. Nomadic Turkic People
8. Tarim Basin
9. Silla
19. 10. Kunlun Mountains
Map 9-1 (Page 252 of your textbook) Identify the following
features on the map of Korea and Yamato Japan:
1. Kyushu
2. Honshu
3. Shikoku
4. Paekche
5. Silla
6. Koguryo
7. Sea of Japan
8. East China Sea
9. Pacific Ocean
10. Yellow Sea
5. Concept of Time (Relationships in Time)
Unification of China: China first became a unified state under
the Ch in dynasty (256-206bc). The Ch’in
conquered north China and the Yangtze River basin, the
southeast, and parts of Vietnam. To the north, the
first Ch’in emperor built the Great Wall to contain the northern
nomadic peoples. The Ch’in ruled through a
strong bureaucracy, but their centralized administration
collapsed after the death of the first emperor.
20. Han Dynasty: Under the Han (256bc-220ce), China s centralized
administration was revived. The Han made
such a profound impression on Chinese history that the Chinese
still speak of themselves as the Han people.
The bureaucracy grew, population expanded, and culture
flourished. The Confucian classics became the
standard for education. Buddhism arrived in China in the first
century ce. Under the Han it spread across
China and adapted itself to Chinese culture. The Han eventually
collapsed through a welter of court intrigue,
rebellion, and military seizure of power.
Sui and Tang Dynasties: The Sui and Tang dynasties (589-907)
reunited China’s Empire. Under the Tang,
China expanded into Central Asia, taking control of much of the
lucrative Silk Road along which trade
moved to the West. Chang’an, the Tang capital, became the
largest city in the world. Tang culture was rich
and cosmopolitan, much influenced by its contacts with other
cultures. The Tang dynasty was also the golden
age of Buddhism in China, and a variety of Buddhist sects
flourished.
Sung Dynasty: Under the Sung dynasty (960-1279), China
experienced an agricultural revolution in which
large aristocratic estates worked by serfs gave way to small land
holdings owned by free farmers. Advances
in technology led to the invention of printing and the
development of a coal and iron smelting industry. The
growth of a money economy encouraged the expansion of trade,
both within China and with foreign
countries. Sung culture was particularly rich in philosophy,
21. poetry, and painting.
The Mongols: After their unification by Genghis Khan (1167-
1227), the Mongols created the greatest empire
in history. The highly mobile Mongol cavalry overwhelmed
Chinese armies. By 1279 the Mongols ruled all
of China. But Mongol rule in China was short lived and enjoyed
only shallow Chinese support. Mongol rule
in China ended in 1368.
Yamato Japan: Early Japanese history has two main turning
points. The first occurred in the third century
bc, when an Old Stone Age Japan became an agricultural, metal
working society. The new technologies came
to Japan from Korea. By the fifth century ce, the Yamato court
ruled most of Japan. It was heavily influenced
by Korea until the seventh century when, in the second main
turning point of their history, the Japanese began
to adopt and adapt many features of Chinese culture, including
Buddhism and Chinese writing, literature, and
political institutions.
Nara and Heian Japan: In this period, Japan was ruled by a civil
aristocracy under the emperor. An
enormous gulf existed between aristocrats and commoners.
Japanese government was heavily influenced by
the Chinese imperial system. Japanese culture, however, was
increasingly self-confident and was aristocratic
in its tastes and forms of expression. Noblewomen wrote many
of the great works of Japanese literature
during this age. Buddhism, heavily influenced by Shintoism,
became increasingly assimilated in Japan.
The Early Feudal Age: In the eighth century mounted warriors
called samurai began to dominate local
government. By the late 1100s, power passed from the civil
22. bureaucracy to military aristocrats. A series of
shoguns, military officials, ruled in the emperor s name. The
sh艒guns power was based on their ability to
command the loyalty of military vassals. Minamoto Yoritomo s
seizure of power in 1185 marked the
beginning of Japan s feudal age. He established bakufu, or tent
government. It would endure in Japan until
the mid-nineteenth century. In 1274 and 1281, the Japanese,
with the help of storms that destroyed the
Mongol fleet, managed to defeat Mongol invaders sent by
Kublai Khan.