The document discusses using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a thermal camera to assess plant water status in a vineyard through aerial thermography. It provides background on the importance of improving water use efficiency in agriculture given increasing competition for water resources. Thermal indexes that can be derived from aerial thermography data, such as canopy-air temperature difference, are correlated with stomatal conductance (gs) and have potential to indicate plant water stress levels. The document presents a case study where a hexacopter UAV was used to capture high-resolution thermal imagery of a vineyard under different irrigation treatments, allowing detection of drought stress differences between grape varieties.