Nosocomial Infections by Mohammad MufarrehMMufarreh
Reviews the definition, risk factors, types, sources, causes, and modes of transmission of healthcare-associated infections and the preventive measures that can be applied to minimize the risks.
The Role of Microorganism in Hospital Acquired Infection.pptxManitaPaneri
Hospital Acquired infections, also called nosocomial infections can be defined as the infections acquired by the patients in the hospital by a patient -
1. who was admitted for a reason other than that infection.
2. In whom infection was not present or incubated at the time of admission.
3. Symptoms should appear at least after 48 hours of admission.
In these slides, microbes responsible for hospital acquired infections and preventive strategies are shared.
Nosocomial Infections by Mohammad MufarrehMMufarreh
Reviews the definition, risk factors, types, sources, causes, and modes of transmission of healthcare-associated infections and the preventive measures that can be applied to minimize the risks.
The Role of Microorganism in Hospital Acquired Infection.pptxManitaPaneri
Hospital Acquired infections, also called nosocomial infections can be defined as the infections acquired by the patients in the hospital by a patient -
1. who was admitted for a reason other than that infection.
2. In whom infection was not present or incubated at the time of admission.
3. Symptoms should appear at least after 48 hours of admission.
In these slides, microbes responsible for hospital acquired infections and preventive strategies are shared.
The hospital-acquired infections or nosocomial infections are those infections developed in hospitalized patients who were neither infected nor were in incubation at the time of their admission.
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION OR HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION
OR HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INTECTION CAN BE DEFINED AS THE INFECTION ACQUIRED IN THE HOSPITAL BY A PATIENT:
WHO WAS ADMITTED FOR A REASON OTHER THAT INFECTION
FACTORS AFFECTING HAIS
SOURCES OF INFECTION
MICRORGANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR INFECTION
TYPES OF HAIS
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
PREVENTION OF HAIS
A nosocomial infection is contracted because of an infection or toxin that exists in a certain location, such as a hospital. People now use nosocomial infections interchangeably with the terms health-care associated infections (HAIs) and hospital-acquired infections. For a HAI, the infection must not be present before someone has been under medical care.
The most common types of HAIs are:
-urinary tract infections (UTIs)
surgical site infections
-gastroenteritis
-meningitis
-pneumonia
A basic idea about Hospital Acquired Infections from a Preventive and Social Medicine Student's point of view. It has many pictures -some were indeed taken from Slide Share itself! I think I can do it since there is a "share" in Slide share :)
The hospital-acquired infections or nosocomial infections are those infections developed in hospitalized patients who were neither infected nor were in incubation at the time of their admission.
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION OR HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION
OR HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INTECTION CAN BE DEFINED AS THE INFECTION ACQUIRED IN THE HOSPITAL BY A PATIENT:
WHO WAS ADMITTED FOR A REASON OTHER THAT INFECTION
FACTORS AFFECTING HAIS
SOURCES OF INFECTION
MICRORGANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR INFECTION
TYPES OF HAIS
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
PREVENTION OF HAIS
A nosocomial infection is contracted because of an infection or toxin that exists in a certain location, such as a hospital. People now use nosocomial infections interchangeably with the terms health-care associated infections (HAIs) and hospital-acquired infections. For a HAI, the infection must not be present before someone has been under medical care.
The most common types of HAIs are:
-urinary tract infections (UTIs)
surgical site infections
-gastroenteritis
-meningitis
-pneumonia
A basic idea about Hospital Acquired Infections from a Preventive and Social Medicine Student's point of view. It has many pictures -some were indeed taken from Slide Share itself! I think I can do it since there is a "share" in Slide share :)
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. Nosocomial Infections
• Infection developing in patients after admission to the hospital,
which was neither present nor in the incubation period at the
time of hospitalization
• They may become evident during patient’s stay or after their
discharge
• Hospital acquired infections
• Hospital associated infections
• Hospital infections
3. Where do the microbes come from?
• Patient's own flora
• Cross infection from medical personnel
• Cross infection from patient to patient
• Hospital environment (inanimate objects): -
• Air
• Water
• Dust
• IV fluids & catheters
• Washbowls
• Bedpans
• Endoscopes
• Ventilators & respiratory equipment
4. • Endogenous:
• Patients own flora may invade patient’s tissue during some
surgical operations or instrumental manipulations
• Normal commensals of the skin, respiratory, GI, UG tract
• Exogenous:
• From another patient / staff member / environment in the hospital
• Environmental sources: Inanimate objects, air, water, food
• Cross infection from: other patients, hospital staff (suffering from
infections or asymptomatic carriers)
Sources of Infection
5. Microorganisms
• Any pathogen , on occasion, can cause HAI (healthcare-
associated infections)
• Those that are able to survive in hospital environment &
develop resistance to antibiotics & disinfectants: major
cause
• Commensal bacteria: found in the normal flora of healthy
people. significant protective role by preventing
colonization by pathogenic microorganisms.
Some commensal bacteria may cause infection if the host is
compromised.
Eg: Staphylococcus epidermidis (cause of i.v. infections),
Escherichia coli (cause of urinary infections).
• Pathogenic bacteria: they have greater virulence, and cause
infections (sporadic or epidemic) regardless of host status.
6. Bacteria:
• Gram positive bacteria:
• Staphylococcus aureus: bacteria that colonize the skin, nose
and throat of patients and hospital staff. They cause a wide
variety of lung, bone, heart and bloodstream infections and are
frequently resistant to antibiotics.
• In hospitals commonly 40-50% of S. aureus isolates are
MRSA.
• Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): colonize
hospitals & cause Nosocomial infections. Thus, known as
‘Hospital Staphylococci
• Staph epidermidis & Group D Streptococci
• Streptococci: Streptococcus hemolyticus, Streptococcus
Pyogenes
• Clostridium tetani spores: survive in dust for very long time
7. Gram negative bacteria
• In recent decades, enteric Gram negative bacilli → most
important group of hospital pathogens
• Enterobacteriaceae: (E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella,
Enterobacter, Serratia) may colonize sites when the host
defences are compromised. They may also be highly antibiotic
resistant.
• Pseudomonas spp: - often isolated in water .They may
colonize the digestive tract of hospitalized patients.
• Ability to survive & multiply at low temp
• Resistance towards antibiotics & disinfectants
8. • Viruses:
• HIV and Hepatitis B & C viruses: transmitted through
blood & blood products •
• Viral diarrhea & Chickenpox can be spread in hospitals
• Cytomegalovirus, Herpes virus, Influenza, Enteroviruses
& Arenaviruses can cause HAI
• Fungi:
• Candida albicans, Aspergillus, Mucor
• Protozoa:
• Entamoeba histolytica, Plasmodia, Toxoplasma gondii,
Pneumocystis carinii
9. Modes of Transmission
1. Contact: Most common route of transmission
• Hands or Clothing: - Hands of staff: important vehicle of spread
• E.g: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes
• Inanimate objects:- Improper disinfection of Instruments:
endoscope, bronchoscope, cystoscope
• Eg: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2. Airborne:
• Droplets: - Droplets of Respiratory infections: transmitted by
inhalation
• Dust: - Dust from bedding, floors & skin
• E.g: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus
3. Oral Route: - Hospital food may contain Antibiotic-resistant
bacteria → may colonize intestine → can cause infections
10. Common Nosocomial Infections
• UTI:
• Most common HAI (40% of Nosocomial infections)
• Usually associated with catheterization or instrumentation of urethra,
bladder or kidneys
• Eg: E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Candida
albicans
• Pneumonia (Respiratory Infections):
• Eg: Staph. aureus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus,
Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Legionella, E. coli
11. • Wound & skin sepsis:
• Follow surgical procedure where causative agents are introduced
into the tissue during operations
• Non-surgical wounds due to burns, bed sores.
• Eg: Staph aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Proteus
• Gastrointestinal infections:
• Food poisoning due to Salmonella, Shigella sonnei
• Diarrhea due to E. coli
• Bacteremia & Septicemia:
• Bacterial invasion of bloodstream in various HAIs
• Gram negative bacilli: common pathogens