The long slump: The economic facts behind the present protracted political cr...Alan Freeman
Second of two slide packs dealing with the current world economy and its protracted crisis; used for presentations at the annual conference of the World Association for Political Economy (WAPE) hosted by the Geopolitical Economy Research Group (GERG) at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, July 2019.
Accompanied by short video presentation at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRuKiXR6LcA&feature=youtu.be; see academia entry at https://www.academia.edu/41884367/Unexplained_persistence_Essential_facts_for_a_theory_of_postcolonial_imperialism
Unexplained persistence: Essential facts for a theory of postcolonial imperia...Alan Freeman
Slides for paper presented at the annual conference of the World Association for Political Economy (WAPE) hosted by the Geopolitical Economy Research Group (GERG) at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, July 2019. Short introductory video is on utube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rt4mWagp58Q&feature=youtu.be
- Gunnar Myrdal was an active leader in the Swedish Social Democratic Party and served as a Senator and Minister of Commerce. After WWII, he was executive secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Europe.
- Myrdal discussed problems facing poor countries in his book "Asian Drama." The book had three major themes: the widening gap between rich and poor countries, that standard economic theory is inadequate to narrow this gap, and that governments in poor countries must play a large role in promoting economic development.
- The document then provides statistics on the top 10 poorest countries in the world according to GDP per capita, with Malawi ranked as the poorest at $226.50 GDP per capita.
1) The document analyzes the impact of international remittance inflows on poverty and income inequality in Nigeria using household survey data.
2) It finds that household poverty declines across Nigeria's geopolitical zones as well as for different demographic groups when remittance income is included. For example, poverty declines from 0.35 to 0.30 in the South-South region with remittances.
3) The analysis also finds that remittances reduce income inequality more in urban areas compared to rural areas. A 10% increase in remittances is associated with a 0.1% decline in income inequality in urban areas but only a 0.02% decline in rural areas.
G&P - Chapter 13 - International Developmentcyruskarimian
This document discusses international development and economic growth in developing countries in the global South. It covers several topics:
1. It describes different models of economic development including import substitution, export-led growth, concentrating capital, and the roles of foreign investment, debt, and foreign aid.
2. It analyzes the experiences of different regions and countries - East Asia, China, India, Latin America, and others - in pursuing economic growth through various strategies.
3. It discusses debates around the relationship between economic development and factors like authoritarianism, democracy, and corruption.
4. It outlines different models of foreign assistance including disaster relief, handouts, and the Oxfam model of empowering local communities
This document analyzes the post-conflict development of four African countries from 1990-2010: Rwanda, Burundi, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. It discusses the challenges in objectively measuring and comparing development across countries. A scoring scheme is used to rank countries based on indicators like HDI, GDP, poverty, inequality, health, education. Liberia is used as a case study, outlining its history of conflict and tracking economic and human development indicators like GDP, GDP per capita, poverty, refugees over time. While recovery is slow, targets aim to rebuild the economy, reduce debt, and improve living standards for all citizens using a bottom-up development approach.
Migration can occur across borders or within a country. People migrate for both voluntary and forced reasons. Voluntary migration is often due to pull factors like economic opportunities, while forced migration stems from push factors such as poverty, disasters, or oppression. Examples of global migration flows from 1500-1950 include those driven by European exploration, colonization, and the slave trade. Regional and internal migration are also common.
The document presents information about less developed countries (LDCs), moderately developed countries (MDCs), and highly developed countries (HDCs). It discusses key characteristics of LDCs, such as reliance on subsistence agriculture and low levels of education, healthcare, and economic development. Factors that contribute to countries' development levels are also examined, including population, natural resources, capital formation, and technological innovation. Examples of both rich and poor countries from around the world are provided.
The long slump: The economic facts behind the present protracted political cr...Alan Freeman
Second of two slide packs dealing with the current world economy and its protracted crisis; used for presentations at the annual conference of the World Association for Political Economy (WAPE) hosted by the Geopolitical Economy Research Group (GERG) at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, July 2019.
Accompanied by short video presentation at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRuKiXR6LcA&feature=youtu.be; see academia entry at https://www.academia.edu/41884367/Unexplained_persistence_Essential_facts_for_a_theory_of_postcolonial_imperialism
Unexplained persistence: Essential facts for a theory of postcolonial imperia...Alan Freeman
Slides for paper presented at the annual conference of the World Association for Political Economy (WAPE) hosted by the Geopolitical Economy Research Group (GERG) at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, July 2019. Short introductory video is on utube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rt4mWagp58Q&feature=youtu.be
- Gunnar Myrdal was an active leader in the Swedish Social Democratic Party and served as a Senator and Minister of Commerce. After WWII, he was executive secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Europe.
- Myrdal discussed problems facing poor countries in his book "Asian Drama." The book had three major themes: the widening gap between rich and poor countries, that standard economic theory is inadequate to narrow this gap, and that governments in poor countries must play a large role in promoting economic development.
- The document then provides statistics on the top 10 poorest countries in the world according to GDP per capita, with Malawi ranked as the poorest at $226.50 GDP per capita.
1) The document analyzes the impact of international remittance inflows on poverty and income inequality in Nigeria using household survey data.
2) It finds that household poverty declines across Nigeria's geopolitical zones as well as for different demographic groups when remittance income is included. For example, poverty declines from 0.35 to 0.30 in the South-South region with remittances.
3) The analysis also finds that remittances reduce income inequality more in urban areas compared to rural areas. A 10% increase in remittances is associated with a 0.1% decline in income inequality in urban areas but only a 0.02% decline in rural areas.
G&P - Chapter 13 - International Developmentcyruskarimian
This document discusses international development and economic growth in developing countries in the global South. It covers several topics:
1. It describes different models of economic development including import substitution, export-led growth, concentrating capital, and the roles of foreign investment, debt, and foreign aid.
2. It analyzes the experiences of different regions and countries - East Asia, China, India, Latin America, and others - in pursuing economic growth through various strategies.
3. It discusses debates around the relationship between economic development and factors like authoritarianism, democracy, and corruption.
4. It outlines different models of foreign assistance including disaster relief, handouts, and the Oxfam model of empowering local communities
This document analyzes the post-conflict development of four African countries from 1990-2010: Rwanda, Burundi, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. It discusses the challenges in objectively measuring and comparing development across countries. A scoring scheme is used to rank countries based on indicators like HDI, GDP, poverty, inequality, health, education. Liberia is used as a case study, outlining its history of conflict and tracking economic and human development indicators like GDP, GDP per capita, poverty, refugees over time. While recovery is slow, targets aim to rebuild the economy, reduce debt, and improve living standards for all citizens using a bottom-up development approach.
Migration can occur across borders or within a country. People migrate for both voluntary and forced reasons. Voluntary migration is often due to pull factors like economic opportunities, while forced migration stems from push factors such as poverty, disasters, or oppression. Examples of global migration flows from 1500-1950 include those driven by European exploration, colonization, and the slave trade. Regional and internal migration are also common.
The document presents information about less developed countries (LDCs), moderately developed countries (MDCs), and highly developed countries (HDCs). It discusses key characteristics of LDCs, such as reliance on subsistence agriculture and low levels of education, healthcare, and economic development. Factors that contribute to countries' development levels are also examined, including population, natural resources, capital formation, and technological innovation. Examples of both rich and poor countries from around the world are provided.
Final Project submitted in part fulfillment of the requirement for successful completion of training in Financing for Development - unlocking the investment opportunities -Development Specialist Track, March to April 2017.
Submitted by John Bosco Kintu Kavuma, Chartered Economist
The document discusses the state of poverty in the global South and efforts to address it. About 1 billion people live in abject poverty without basic needs. The UN set Millennium Development Goals to eradicate poverty and hunger, provide education and healthcare, and combat diseases by 2015, with some progress made but many targets likely to be missed. Poverty is concentrated in Africa and was previously widespread in South Asia. Revolutionary movements have sought to address the inequality between the global North and South through changes in government and society, but most post-revolutionary governments encounter similar challenges to pre-revolution states in their relations with other countries.
The document discusses various global population, economic, and social issues and poses questions about how $100 billion could better address pressing world problems rather than fund war. It notes rising global populations, a lack of adequate sanitation and access to water in many areas, and that over 10% of people in developed nations live in poverty. It questions if war is the best use of funds and if addressing issues like poverty, education, and sustainability would be more constructive ways to improve lives worldwide.
This document discusses economic migration and its relationship to multicultural societies. It defines economic migration as movement between countries for better economic opportunities, traditionally from less economically developed countries to more developed ones. Case studies examine migration patterns from Mexico to the US and North Africa to Europe. Economic migrants often have hopes for better lives but can face difficulties like poor working conditions and discrimination. Push factors encourage emigration while pull factors attract immigration. Multicultural societies result from migration but can involve prejudice towards minority groups.
AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION - MIGRATION - 5.3 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONGeorge Dumitrache
This document discusses different types of international migration. It defines voluntary migration as migration by choice and forced migration as migration with little choice, such as refugees fleeing persecution. It describes source areas as regions where migrants originate and receiving areas as where they migrate to. Remittances refer to money migrants send back home. Diasporas are dispersed populations from a common origin. Racial assimilation involves integrating into the host community through economic, social, and political means. Ethnic villages show evidence of migrant groups through shops, places of worship, and other facilities. International migration has large impacts on both donor and receiving countries. Globalization has increased mobility and awareness of opportunities abroad. Forced migration, including internal displacement, involves millions of people annually
This document discusses different types of migration including rural-urban migration, seasonal migration, planned migration, and involuntary migration. It provides details on each type, including common causes, examples, and potential consequences for areas that migrants leave and arrive in, as well as consequences for migrants themselves. Rural-urban migration is driven by population growth and lack of opportunity in rural areas, pushing young males to cities. Planned migration includes Indonesia's transmigration program to relocate people from overpopulated islands like Java to less populated outer islands, with mixed results. Involuntary migration refers to forced migration of refugees fleeing conflict, persecution, or environmental disasters.
Dani cruz (2º a) tema 13. The unequal distribution of the populationMiguel Camacho
The document discusses global population trends and dynamics over time. It notes that population is unevenly distributed, with some countries having high population densities while others have low densities. Population levels are influenced by physical, historical, economic and other factors. The world population growth rate has declined overall in recent decades, though some regions still experience high birth rates. Migration patterns also impact population changes as people move between areas.
Trends in global birth rates can be attributed to social, economic, and political factors. As income per person increases over time, crude birth rates generally decrease. Population growth rates increased substantially between 1930-1960 and 1960-1990 but have since declined in most regions.
Spatial patterns show Asia and Africa have many births while Europe, North America, South America have moderate births. Australia and Canada have very few births. The highest fertility rates are found among the poorest countries, while most developed countries have brought birth rates down.
As income rises, crude death rates typically fall due to improvements in food, water, sanitation, and healthcare. Life expectancies have largely risen in recent decades but have fluctuated in
Development in Nigeria Politics: Challenges of Federalism and Resource Contro...Paradise
The paper delves into issues that have plunged Nigeria into what she is today. Pertinent to note that resource problem contingent on federalism needs a redress. Solutions were however postulated.
Lessons Learned from Israel, The Startup NationErick Brimen
Israel’s growth was the result of a unique amalgamation of conditions, some replicable, and some not. There are many factors unique to Israel which do not lend themselves to replication: Massive amounts of aid from extant developed nations (especially the United States), unheard-of levels of high-skilled immigration, a uniquely overdeveloped military research complex, and a total inability to trade with any directly bordering nation because of fractious geopolitics. However, the unique aspect of Israel that many commentators argue is the single biggest factor in Israel’s success can be summed up in a single Hebrew word: chutzpah. These will each be elaborated upon in turn below. However, there are also a few replicable lessons to be gleaned from a review of Israel’s growth. These include the importance of fiscal austerity, deregulation where it matters, research & development, and the importance of a large state-backed, state-funded venture capital effort to jump-start highspeed growth as Israel has seen. These, too, will be elaborated upon below.
The document defines and discusses different aspects of poverty. It defines absolute and relative poverty, with absolute poverty referring to lack of means to meet basic needs and relative poverty considering social and economic status compared to others. It discusses the poverty line as the minimum income level required to afford life's necessities, and how the World Bank adjusted the international poverty line over time. It provides statistics on global and regional poverty rates. For India, it details how the poverty line was originally calculated and varies between states, with some below 10% and others above 40%. It also discusses inequality, the Gini coefficient measure of inequality, and how India's Gini index and inequality has risen in recent decades.
Migration is defined as the movement of people between locations for over a year. In 2005, 191 million people lived outside their country of birth, representing a doubling of international migrants since World War II. India has a large migrant population both within the country and abroad. Internal migration in India includes rural-rural, rural-urban, urban-urban, and urban-rural streams, with rural-urban migration dominated by males moving for work and rural-rural migration most common among females migrating after marriage. Key push factors for migration include lack of economic opportunities and natural disasters, while pull factors are availability of jobs and better living conditions elsewhere. Migration impacts both sending and receiving areas through economic, social, and environmental changes.
Law and order big challenge for pakistansaleem khan
The document discusses the law and order situation in Pakistan. It faces political and security uncertainties since its inception. Its strategic location also makes it susceptible to instability in neighboring countries like India, China, Afghanistan. The fight between political parties and sectarian violence have exacerbated targeting killing and bombings. This has negatively impacted the economy through reduced investments and growth. Improving the judicial system and having all stakeholders like political parties and security forces work together with effective plans is needed to address this major challenge facing Pakistan.
This document summarizes a speech given by Ray Ekpu, CEO of MayFive Media Limited, at a conference on Africa's Future in Lagos, Nigeria on April 9, 2018. In the speech, Ekpu discusses the state of various African nations, noting some successes in places like Botswana but also major challenges across the continent related to health issues, poverty, and corrupt leadership. Ekpu then focuses on Nigeria, reflecting on the optimism around independence in 1960 but how military coups in 1966 damaged trust in the country's unity and ultimately led to civil war.
The Current Economic State of the Philippinesfinancist
1) The Philippines has transitioned to a newly industrialized economy focused on exports and services over natural resources. This has left the agricultural sector lagging.
2) Strong economic growth has been driven by the services sector, particularly business process outsourcing, and the manufacturing industry. However, inflation and inequality remain problems.
3) Population growth and migration to cities has increased poverty in urban areas where jobs cannot keep up. The economy relies on growth being inclusive to sustain itself.
This document discusses immigration and its effects. It begins by defining immigration and emigration, and provides statistics showing there are approximately 191 million immigrants worldwide. Many immigrants move for economic reasons or to escape hardships in their home countries like war or poverty. Immigration can have both benefits and drawbacks for host countries. It eases labor shortages but also raises social tensions in some cases. The document also notes agriculture industries in immigrant-receiving nations rely heavily on immigrant farm workers to fill jobs citizens do not want. In conclusion, it suggests ways to raise awareness of immigration issues, such as through civic participation and inviting experts to share information.
Demographic attributes of developed, developing and 3rd world countriesgraceedward
There are several key demographic attributes of developed, developing, and third world countries. Developed countries have high levels of industrialization and urbanization, along with high per capita incomes dependent on secondary and tertiary sectors. However, they still face population problems like longevity, small workforces, rural populations, and urbanization. Developing countries have over three-fourths of the world's population and lower levels of technology, facing issues such as rapid population growth, unemployment, poor living standards, malnutrition, and slow industrial growth. Third world countries are those not aligned with capitalist or communist systems, though the term is less preferred now. Many have weaker resources and larger populations than others.
Robert Mugabe has ruled Zimbabwe since 1980. The country was once prosperous but has experienced economic decline and political instability over the past two decades. Mugabe's controversial land reforms in the 2000s disrupted agriculture and industrial production, leading to high unemployment, inflation, and food insecurity. Growing opposition to Mugabe and his ZANU-PF party's mismanagement have led to recent protests calling for electoral reforms and Mugabe's resignation. However, Mugabe maintains a tight grip on power through the security forces and revenues from diamond mining. The future of Zimbabwe remains uncertain as it faces elections in 2018.
Professor Raymond Atuguba addresses the Sierra Leone Bar Association.Amos Anyimadu
The document discusses the current state of law and development in West Africa. It notes that democracy and good governance are declining globally while dictatorships and populism are rising. Economically, extractivism by powerful countries is pillaging resources from poorer nations. In Africa specifically, every measure of democracy and economic governance declined from 2015-2017, and the continent is moving away from political stability. Many African countries have experienced coups or unrest in recent years. The document calls for action from the Sierra Leone Bar Association to address democratic and economic policy reversals in their country.
Final Project submitted in part fulfillment of the requirement for successful completion of training in Financing for Development - unlocking the investment opportunities -Development Specialist Track, March to April 2017.
Submitted by John Bosco Kintu Kavuma, Chartered Economist
The document discusses the state of poverty in the global South and efforts to address it. About 1 billion people live in abject poverty without basic needs. The UN set Millennium Development Goals to eradicate poverty and hunger, provide education and healthcare, and combat diseases by 2015, with some progress made but many targets likely to be missed. Poverty is concentrated in Africa and was previously widespread in South Asia. Revolutionary movements have sought to address the inequality between the global North and South through changes in government and society, but most post-revolutionary governments encounter similar challenges to pre-revolution states in their relations with other countries.
The document discusses various global population, economic, and social issues and poses questions about how $100 billion could better address pressing world problems rather than fund war. It notes rising global populations, a lack of adequate sanitation and access to water in many areas, and that over 10% of people in developed nations live in poverty. It questions if war is the best use of funds and if addressing issues like poverty, education, and sustainability would be more constructive ways to improve lives worldwide.
This document discusses economic migration and its relationship to multicultural societies. It defines economic migration as movement between countries for better economic opportunities, traditionally from less economically developed countries to more developed ones. Case studies examine migration patterns from Mexico to the US and North Africa to Europe. Economic migrants often have hopes for better lives but can face difficulties like poor working conditions and discrimination. Push factors encourage emigration while pull factors attract immigration. Multicultural societies result from migration but can involve prejudice towards minority groups.
AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION - MIGRATION - 5.3 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONGeorge Dumitrache
This document discusses different types of international migration. It defines voluntary migration as migration by choice and forced migration as migration with little choice, such as refugees fleeing persecution. It describes source areas as regions where migrants originate and receiving areas as where they migrate to. Remittances refer to money migrants send back home. Diasporas are dispersed populations from a common origin. Racial assimilation involves integrating into the host community through economic, social, and political means. Ethnic villages show evidence of migrant groups through shops, places of worship, and other facilities. International migration has large impacts on both donor and receiving countries. Globalization has increased mobility and awareness of opportunities abroad. Forced migration, including internal displacement, involves millions of people annually
This document discusses different types of migration including rural-urban migration, seasonal migration, planned migration, and involuntary migration. It provides details on each type, including common causes, examples, and potential consequences for areas that migrants leave and arrive in, as well as consequences for migrants themselves. Rural-urban migration is driven by population growth and lack of opportunity in rural areas, pushing young males to cities. Planned migration includes Indonesia's transmigration program to relocate people from overpopulated islands like Java to less populated outer islands, with mixed results. Involuntary migration refers to forced migration of refugees fleeing conflict, persecution, or environmental disasters.
Dani cruz (2º a) tema 13. The unequal distribution of the populationMiguel Camacho
The document discusses global population trends and dynamics over time. It notes that population is unevenly distributed, with some countries having high population densities while others have low densities. Population levels are influenced by physical, historical, economic and other factors. The world population growth rate has declined overall in recent decades, though some regions still experience high birth rates. Migration patterns also impact population changes as people move between areas.
Trends in global birth rates can be attributed to social, economic, and political factors. As income per person increases over time, crude birth rates generally decrease. Population growth rates increased substantially between 1930-1960 and 1960-1990 but have since declined in most regions.
Spatial patterns show Asia and Africa have many births while Europe, North America, South America have moderate births. Australia and Canada have very few births. The highest fertility rates are found among the poorest countries, while most developed countries have brought birth rates down.
As income rises, crude death rates typically fall due to improvements in food, water, sanitation, and healthcare. Life expectancies have largely risen in recent decades but have fluctuated in
Development in Nigeria Politics: Challenges of Federalism and Resource Contro...Paradise
The paper delves into issues that have plunged Nigeria into what she is today. Pertinent to note that resource problem contingent on federalism needs a redress. Solutions were however postulated.
Lessons Learned from Israel, The Startup NationErick Brimen
Israel’s growth was the result of a unique amalgamation of conditions, some replicable, and some not. There are many factors unique to Israel which do not lend themselves to replication: Massive amounts of aid from extant developed nations (especially the United States), unheard-of levels of high-skilled immigration, a uniquely overdeveloped military research complex, and a total inability to trade with any directly bordering nation because of fractious geopolitics. However, the unique aspect of Israel that many commentators argue is the single biggest factor in Israel’s success can be summed up in a single Hebrew word: chutzpah. These will each be elaborated upon in turn below. However, there are also a few replicable lessons to be gleaned from a review of Israel’s growth. These include the importance of fiscal austerity, deregulation where it matters, research & development, and the importance of a large state-backed, state-funded venture capital effort to jump-start highspeed growth as Israel has seen. These, too, will be elaborated upon below.
The document defines and discusses different aspects of poverty. It defines absolute and relative poverty, with absolute poverty referring to lack of means to meet basic needs and relative poverty considering social and economic status compared to others. It discusses the poverty line as the minimum income level required to afford life's necessities, and how the World Bank adjusted the international poverty line over time. It provides statistics on global and regional poverty rates. For India, it details how the poverty line was originally calculated and varies between states, with some below 10% and others above 40%. It also discusses inequality, the Gini coefficient measure of inequality, and how India's Gini index and inequality has risen in recent decades.
Migration is defined as the movement of people between locations for over a year. In 2005, 191 million people lived outside their country of birth, representing a doubling of international migrants since World War II. India has a large migrant population both within the country and abroad. Internal migration in India includes rural-rural, rural-urban, urban-urban, and urban-rural streams, with rural-urban migration dominated by males moving for work and rural-rural migration most common among females migrating after marriage. Key push factors for migration include lack of economic opportunities and natural disasters, while pull factors are availability of jobs and better living conditions elsewhere. Migration impacts both sending and receiving areas through economic, social, and environmental changes.
Law and order big challenge for pakistansaleem khan
The document discusses the law and order situation in Pakistan. It faces political and security uncertainties since its inception. Its strategic location also makes it susceptible to instability in neighboring countries like India, China, Afghanistan. The fight between political parties and sectarian violence have exacerbated targeting killing and bombings. This has negatively impacted the economy through reduced investments and growth. Improving the judicial system and having all stakeholders like political parties and security forces work together with effective plans is needed to address this major challenge facing Pakistan.
This document summarizes a speech given by Ray Ekpu, CEO of MayFive Media Limited, at a conference on Africa's Future in Lagos, Nigeria on April 9, 2018. In the speech, Ekpu discusses the state of various African nations, noting some successes in places like Botswana but also major challenges across the continent related to health issues, poverty, and corrupt leadership. Ekpu then focuses on Nigeria, reflecting on the optimism around independence in 1960 but how military coups in 1966 damaged trust in the country's unity and ultimately led to civil war.
The Current Economic State of the Philippinesfinancist
1) The Philippines has transitioned to a newly industrialized economy focused on exports and services over natural resources. This has left the agricultural sector lagging.
2) Strong economic growth has been driven by the services sector, particularly business process outsourcing, and the manufacturing industry. However, inflation and inequality remain problems.
3) Population growth and migration to cities has increased poverty in urban areas where jobs cannot keep up. The economy relies on growth being inclusive to sustain itself.
This document discusses immigration and its effects. It begins by defining immigration and emigration, and provides statistics showing there are approximately 191 million immigrants worldwide. Many immigrants move for economic reasons or to escape hardships in their home countries like war or poverty. Immigration can have both benefits and drawbacks for host countries. It eases labor shortages but also raises social tensions in some cases. The document also notes agriculture industries in immigrant-receiving nations rely heavily on immigrant farm workers to fill jobs citizens do not want. In conclusion, it suggests ways to raise awareness of immigration issues, such as through civic participation and inviting experts to share information.
Demographic attributes of developed, developing and 3rd world countriesgraceedward
There are several key demographic attributes of developed, developing, and third world countries. Developed countries have high levels of industrialization and urbanization, along with high per capita incomes dependent on secondary and tertiary sectors. However, they still face population problems like longevity, small workforces, rural populations, and urbanization. Developing countries have over three-fourths of the world's population and lower levels of technology, facing issues such as rapid population growth, unemployment, poor living standards, malnutrition, and slow industrial growth. Third world countries are those not aligned with capitalist or communist systems, though the term is less preferred now. Many have weaker resources and larger populations than others.
Robert Mugabe has ruled Zimbabwe since 1980. The country was once prosperous but has experienced economic decline and political instability over the past two decades. Mugabe's controversial land reforms in the 2000s disrupted agriculture and industrial production, leading to high unemployment, inflation, and food insecurity. Growing opposition to Mugabe and his ZANU-PF party's mismanagement have led to recent protests calling for electoral reforms and Mugabe's resignation. However, Mugabe maintains a tight grip on power through the security forces and revenues from diamond mining. The future of Zimbabwe remains uncertain as it faces elections in 2018.
Professor Raymond Atuguba addresses the Sierra Leone Bar Association.Amos Anyimadu
The document discusses the current state of law and development in West Africa. It notes that democracy and good governance are declining globally while dictatorships and populism are rising. Economically, extractivism by powerful countries is pillaging resources from poorer nations. In Africa specifically, every measure of democracy and economic governance declined from 2015-2017, and the continent is moving away from political stability. Many African countries have experienced coups or unrest in recent years. The document calls for action from the Sierra Leone Bar Association to address democratic and economic policy reversals in their country.
The document discusses several topics related to Africa, including economic dependence, urbanization, and South Africa. It notes that colonialism left many African nations economically dependent on Western countries. It recommends that Africa focus on developing agriculture with non-cash crops, limit imports, and export more than is imported. The document also addresses population growth in Africa and the need for family planning to slow birth rates. It provides statistics on urbanization and the percentage of Africans living in cities.
The main trends of African migration include large numbers of people moving within the continent, often to countries belonging to the same regional economic communities. The top destination countries are South Africa, Cote d'Ivoire, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. People migrate for economic reasons like unemployment, climate factors like droughts and floods, and conflicts. While migration provides economic benefits, it can also cause social tensions as native populations fear losing jobs to migrants or see migrants as threats to security. South Africa in particular has faced regular xenophobic attacks against migrants.
Cuba tried to help Angola become independent again in 1975 by sending lists of needs like weapons, transportation, and financial assistance. Cuba also offered to help with training trade union leaders and setting up schools. My parents knew who I was but I could only vaguely remember them from my childhood in Angola. I had not seen them since leaving for another country at age 6 but was now visiting them for two weeks in Angola to reconnect. Colonialism had negative effects on Africa by failing to teach practical skills and leaving countries dependent on others for survival. This is shown through Nigeria's struggle with threats like Boko Haram and restrictions on freedoms even after independence from Britain.
El 23 de enero de 2015, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó en colaboración con el Instituto Figuerola de Historia y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid la conferencia '¿Está Africa saliendo de la pobreza?'. Ewout Frankema, experto en desarrollo y director del grupo de investigación de Historia Rural y Medioambiental de la Universidad Wageningen (Países Bajos), analizó las dos décadas de crecimiento económico del África subsahariana.
This document provides an overview of imperialism in Ethiopia in the 20th century. It notes that Ethiopia resisted Italian colonization efforts, making it the only African country to avoid European colonization. However, imperialism still impacted Ethiopia through opening up more jobs, businesses, and education opportunities. It benefited the Western world economically but had negative effects in Africa. Imperialism helped develop infrastructure like roads but also caused the deaths of many great Ethiopian rulers and wars over border issues that helped shape modern-day Ethiopia. The country remains ethnically diverse with the largest groups being the Oromo and Amhara peoples.
African Liberation Day - Where is Our Independence Part 1Madi Jobarteh
The document summarizes the state of affairs in Africa 53 years after independence from colonial rule. It argues that while African countries gained political independence, they have failed to achieve economic independence and prosperity for citizens. Most African nations are not industrialized and remain dependent on exporting raw materials. Poverty and corruption are widespread, and illicit financial flows and capital flight have drained the continent of over $800 billion. Weak governance, human rights violations, and conflict continue to plague Africa. The document asserts that true independence and prosperity for African citizens remain unfulfilled goals due to failures of leadership on the continent.
Tanzania's Development Trajectory - Chambi ChachageJanet Chapman
An overview of Tanzania's development given at Tanzania Development Trust's anniversary event November 2020. Recording at https://youtu.be/xJPVUfQpCDQ and longer event in Jan 2021 https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/tanzanias-development-trajectory-a-long-duree-perspective-tickets-130760410909
1 The Lasting Economic Legacy of South African A.docxmayank272369
1
The Lasting Economic Legacy of South African Apartheid
In Partial Fulfillment of
Economics 410: International Economic Development
March 17, 2014
Prepared for Dr. Grammy
Prepared by Alex Lewis
2
By analysis of objective economic measurements and assessments, South Africa occupies
the unique position of being the most successful African country on the continent of Africa.
South Africa has the largest national income at a gross domestic product of $384.3 billion in
Africa, an unemployment rate competitive to that of other top performing African nations, and a
relatively stable currency that has acceptable inflation.1 The Republic of South Africa, then, is
far removed from the common notions of the developmental economic status of an African
nation; it represents the best aspects of a developing nation. Despite South Africa’s glowing
metrics and international renown among the developing nations, South Africa owes its greater
success in comparison to other African nations to its long history of European colonial rule.
Unlike many other countries on the continent, the colonists of South Africa did not suddenly
abandon the colony with the downturn of colonialism in the late 19th and first half of the 20th
century. For over a century, South Africa benefited from the economic and organizational
development capacity of the United Kingdom and other European colonial powers; it did not
have to suffer the destructive economic disruptions of civil wars or struggles during power
vacuums. Though what South Africa gained in comparative economic prosperity it lost in racial
equity. One scholar put it succinctly: “… as the rest of the world tried to meet the challenges of
civil rights movements and decolonization, apartheid symbolized resistance to the winds of
change…”2 The curious developmental economist looking to assess the economic affect
apartheid has had on various components of South Africa’s economy should look to the disparity
1 “South Africa,” last modified February, 2014, http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa
Novel data comparisons were made by cross-examining other country profiles on the
World Bank site.
2 Gay Seidman, “Is South Africa Different? Sociological Comparisons and Theoretical
Contributions from the Land
of Apartheid,” Annual Review of Sociology 25 (1999): 419-421
3
between white and non-white unemployment and wages, what groups constitute the population
of the agrarian sector, and racial proportions in the participation of the various power structures.
Economics deals with the observable, sometimes surprisingly dismal, reality of human
action in response to incentive stimul ...
The Pros And Cons Of Corruption In The World BankJenny Calhoon
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Africa is experiencing strong economic growth, with its economic output increasing almost fourfold since 2000. More countries in Africa are growing at 7% annually than in Asia. Africa's middle class has grown significantly, with over 300 million Africans now considered middle class. Remittances and foreign direct investment in Africa are growing as well. The continent is poised to play a larger geopolitical role and its diaspora populations and growing consumer markets make Africa's economy and global influence increasingly important.
The New Africa represents a continent with 1.1 billion people and high growth rates - actually very high. It is a continent that is getting more and more connected to the internet, where the middle class is rising and where a fashion industry is booming.
This slide deck gives you a quick overview of what is happening in Africa and how the West's perception of the continent has changed over the past decade.
The document provides an overview of key topics related to Africa, including:
1) Africa has a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations but much was lost due to colonialism which entrenched misconceptions; 2) Africa is enormously diverse geographically and ethnically with many regions and over 1 billion people; 3) Africa is undergoing rapid urbanization and economic growth though challenges around poverty, inequality and unemployment remain.
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Gr1 bfet africa geographies of change_chapter 1yvonne simango
The document provides an overview of key topics related to Africa, including:
1) Africa has a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations but much was lost due to colonialism which entrenched misconceptions; 2) Africa is enormously diverse geographically and ethnically with many regions and over 1 billion people; 3) Africa is undergoing rapid urbanization and economic growth though challenges around poverty, inequality, and unemployment remain.
Africa's Third Act: Why the Continent Matters Now More than EverJon Gosier
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This presentation by Professor Giuseppe Colangelo, Jean Monnet Professor of European Innovation Policy, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Yong Lim, Professor of Economic Law at Seoul National University School of Law, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...Suzanne Lagerweij
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
Why Psychological Safety Matters for Software Teams - ACE 2024 - Ben Linders.pdfBen Linders
Psychological safety in teams is important; team members must feel safe and able to communicate and collaborate effectively to deliver value. It’s also necessary to build long-lasting teams since things will happen and relationships will be strained.
But, how safe is a team? How can we determine if there are any factors that make the team unsafe or have an impact on the team’s culture?
In this mini-workshop, we’ll play games for psychological safety and team culture utilizing a deck of coaching cards, The Psychological Safety Cards. We will learn how to use gamification to gain a better understanding of what’s going on in teams. Individuals share what they have learned from working in teams, what has impacted the team’s safety and culture, and what has led to positive change.
Different game formats will be played in groups in parallel. Examples are an ice-breaker to get people talking about psychological safety, a constellation where people take positions about aspects of psychological safety in their team or organization, and collaborative card games where people work together to create an environment that fosters psychological safety.
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations – ROBSON – June 202...
Lecture 2
1. Economic and Political Development
in Africa After Colonization
Hanyang University
Ben Katoka (PhD)
2. Outline
1. Understanding the root causes of African
Underdevelopment since the 1960s
2. Economic and political development in
Africa since the 1950s
3. A brief discussion of Botswana, Ethiopia,
Nigeria, and South Africa
4. Political vs. economic development:
Approaching the dilemma in Africa
5. Discussion
2
3. 1. Understanding the root causes of African
Underdevelopment since the 1960s
Poor countries are not located only in Africa, but…
3
Remark: This PPT
contains elements taken
from Professor Ben
Olken’s lecture on
Foundations of
Development Policy
(2016)
1. Are not randomly distributed throughout the world
2. Are hot;
3. Have been colonized by the Europeans
4. 1. Understanding the root causes of African
Underdevelopment since the 1960s
• About the weather (not always true): Singapore is hot
and rich; Central Asian countries are cold and poor
• About colonization: Thailand and Ethiopia were not
colonized but are poor; the US, Canada, New Zealand,
and Australia were colonized but are rich.
• So, why is Africa underdeveloped?
4
5. 1. Understanding the root causes of African
Underdevelopment since the 1960s
There are lots of explanations to why African countries are
underdeveloped.
• Slave trade
• Colonialism
• Ethnic diversity
• Geography (Climate; temperature)
• Abundance in natural resources
• Lack of democracy; bad governance
• Others.
5
6. 1. Understanding the root causes of African
Underdevelopment since the 1960s
6
Slave trade: “The African countries that are the poorest today are the one from
which the most slaves were taken” (Nunn, 2008).
Because slavery involved
theft, bribery, use of brutal
force, which in turn led to
increase in corruption of
state institutions, and
impeded formation of large
states (Nunn, 2008)
8. 1. Understanding the root causes of African
Underdevelopment since the 1960s
Colonialism: “Settler mortality Hypothesis” (see, Acemoglu,
Johnson, and Robinson, 2001) >
In place where the Europeans colonizers wanted to live themselves,
colonizers set up good institutions to replicate Europe…
In places where they wanted to extract resources, colonizers set up
institutions to allow themselves to extract resources…
8
9. 1. Understanding the root causes of African Underdevelopment
since the 1960s
9
Ethnic diversity: “Severity and duration of violence (i.e., state-driven conflict and violence against civilians) are higher
in the historical homelands of portioned groups; Military interventions from neighboring countries are much more likely in the
homelands of split groups; Partitioned ethnicities are systematically discriminated from the national government and are more
likely to participate in ethnic civil wars”.
Military
Source: Michalopous and Papaionnou (2015)
10. 1. Understanding the root causes of African
Underdevelopment since the 1960s
Geography (temperature, climate): “Temperature affects
economic growth Hypothesis” (see, Jones and Olken,
2011) >
Hot countries tend to have lower economic growth in poor countries…
because hot temperature affects industrial output, agriculture, etc.
10
11. 1. Understanding the root causes of African Underdevelopment
since the 1960s
11
Abundance in natural resources:
“Countries richly endowed with non-renewable natural resources, in
particular oil and minerals, tend to display low level of economic
development” (Sachs and Warner, 1995). This is because, natural
resource extraction is likely to lead to conflict, corruption, and other
adverse economic effects. Resource Curse hypothesis
Source: Michalopous and Papaionnou (2015)
12. 2. Economic and political development in Africa since
the 1950s
12
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000
GDP per capita at constant 2010 prices $
Southern Asia
Africa
Southeast Asia
World average
Southern America
Korea
2010-2016
2000-2009
1990-1999
1980-1989
1970-1979
2010-2016
2000-2009
1990-1999
1980-1989
1970-1979
2010-2016
2000-2009
1990-1999
1980-1989
1970-1979
2010-2016
2000-2009
1990-1999
1980-1989
1970-1979
2010-2016
2000-2009
1990-1999
1980-1989
1970-1979
2010-2016
2000-2009
1990-1999
1980-1989
1970-1979
Source: UNCTAD Stats
Constant 2010 prices ($)
GDP per capita in Africa and other developing regions, by decade (1970-2016)
13. 2. Economic and political development in Africa since
the 1950s
13
0 .02 .04 .06
Coups d'Etat (magnitude)
2010-2016
2000-2009
1990-1999
1980-1989
1970-1979
1960-1969
1950-1959
1940-1949
Source: Polity IV
Magnitude of Coups d'Etat in Africa, 1940-2016
14. 2. Economic and political development in Africa since
the 1950s
14
0 .02 .04 .06 .08 .1
Coups d'Etat (magnitude)
Botswana
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Djibouti
Eritrea
Gabon
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Senegal
Serbia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan-North
Swaziland
Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Libya
Tunisia
Ivory Coast
Somalia
Rwanda
Gambia
Equatorial Guinea
Egypt
Liberia
Guinea
Congo Kinshasa
Mali
Ethiopia
Chad
Congo Brazzaville
Niger
Togo
Uganda
Lesotho
Central African Republic
Comoros
Burundi
Sudan
Benin
Burkina Faso
Ghana
Mauritania
Sierra Leone
Guinea-Bissau
Nigeria
Source: Polity IV
Africa, 1940-2016
Top and Bottom Countries with the highest magnitude of Coups d'Etat
15. 2. Economic and political development in Africa since
the 1950s
15
0 .05 .1 .15 .2
Number of attempted (but ultimately unsuccessful) coups
Botswana
Cape Verde
Egypt
Malawi
Mauritius
Namibia
Rwanda
Serbia
South Africa
Sudan-North
Tunisia
Zimbabwe
Libya
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Gabon
Niger
Senegal
Kenya
Swaziland
Mozambique
Morocco
Nigeria
Tanzania
Uganda
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Djibouti
Somalia
Liberia
Zambia
Congo Kinshasa
Mali
Mauritania
Gambia
Lesotho
Guinea
Madagascar
Sierra Leone
Equatorial Guinea
Benin
Central African Republic
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Congo Brazzaville
Togo
Comoros
Burundi
South Sudan
Chad
Sudan
Guinea-Bissau
Source: Polity IV
1940-2016
Top and Bottom Countries by Number of attempted (but ultimately unsuccessful) coups
16. 2. Economic and political development in Africa since
the 1950s
16
-30 -20 -10 0 10
Average GDP growth, 2010-2016
Libya
South Sudan
Central African Republic
Equatorial Guinea
Cabo Verde
Tunisia
South Africa
Comoros
Burundi
Madagascar
Sudan
Gambia, The
Swaziland
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Algeria
Morocco
Mauritius
Angola
Congo, Rep.
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Mali
Benin
Nigeria
Malawi
Chad
Liberia
Mauritania
Senegal
Cameroon
Sao Tome and Principe
Guinea
Togo
Namibia
Djibouti
Gabon
Sierra Leone
Botswana
Uganda
Seychelles
Eritrea
Burkina Faso
Zambia
Kenya
Cote d'Ivoire
Niger
Mozambique
Tanzania
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Ghana
Rwanda
Zimbabwe
Ethiopia
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators
Average 2010-2016
Top and Bottom Performers in Yearly GDP growth in Africa
17. 2. Economic and political development in Africa since
the 1950s
17
0 5,000 10,000 15,000
GDP per capita, Constant 2010 Prices ($)
Burundi
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Liberia
Central African Republic
Madagascar
Ethiopia
SierraLeone
Mozambique
Malawi
Eritrea
Togo
Gambia, The
Guinea-Bissau
BurkinaFaso
Uganda
Rwanda
Guinea
Mali
Comoros
Tanzania
Benin
Zimbabwe
Chad
South Sudan
Senegal
Kenya
Sao TomeandPrincipe
Mauritania
Lesotho
Coted'Ivoire
Cameroon
Djibouti
Zambia
Ghana
Sudan
Nigeria
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Morocco
Cabo Verde
Angola
Swaziland
Tunisia
Algeria
Namibia
Botswana
South Africa
Libya
Mauritius
Gabon
Seychelles
Equatorial Guinea
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators
2010-2016, Constant 2010 Prices ($)
Top and Bottom Performers in Average GDP per capita in Africa
0 5,000 10,000 15,000
GDP per capita, Constant 2010 Prices ($)
Burundi
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Liberia
Central African Republic
Madagascar
Ethiopia
SierraLeone
Mozambique
Malawi
Eritrea
Togo
Gambia, The
Guinea-Bissau
BurkinaFaso
Uganda
Rwanda
Guinea
Mali
Comoros
Tanzania
Benin
Zimbabwe
Chad
South Sudan
Senegal
Kenya
Sao TomeandPrincipe
Mauritania
Lesotho
Coted'Ivoire
Cameroon
Djibouti
Zambia
Ghana
Sudan
Nigeria
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Morocco
Cabo Verde
Angola
Swaziland
Tunisia
Algeria
Namibia
Botswana
South Africa
Libya
Mauritius
Gabon
Seychelles
Equatorial Guinea
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators
2010-2016, Constant 2010 Prices ($)
Top and Bottom Performers in Average GDP per capita in Africa
18. 2. Economic and political development in Africa since
the 1950s
18
0 20 40 60
Individual Using the Internet (% of population)
Eritrea
Somalia
Niger
Burundi
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Chad
Madagascar
Guinea-Bissau
Central African Republic
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Guinea
South Sudan
Mali
Togo
Malawi
Ethiopia
Tanzania
Comoros
Benin
Congo, Rep.
Burkina Faso
Angola
Mauritania
Mozambique
Djibouti
Rwanda
Cameroon
Cote d'Ivoire
Gambia, The
Kenya
Zimbabwe
Senegal
Lesotho
Uganda
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Libya
Namibia
Nigeria
Ghana
Swaziland
Sudan
Sao Tome and Principe
Botswana
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Gabon
Cabo Verde
Mauritius
South Africa
Tunisia
Seychelles
Morocco
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators
Average Yearly Individuals Using the Internet (% of population), 2010-2016
Top and Bottom Performers in Internet Access in Africa
19. 2. Economic and political development in Africa since
the 1950s
19
0 50 100 150 200
Total population (millions)
Seychelles
Sao Tome and Principe
Cabo Verde
Comoros
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Mauritius
Swaziland
Guinea-Bissau
Gabon
Gambia, The
Lesotho
Botswana
Namibia
Mauritania
Liberia
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Congo, Rep.
Libya
Sierra Leone
Togo
Burundi
Benin
Tunisia
Rwanda
South Sudan
Guinea
Chad
Somalia
Senegal
Zimbabwe
Zambia
Mali
Malawi
Burkina Faso
Niger
Cameroon
Cote d'Ivoire
Madagascar
Angola
Ghana
Mozambique
Morocco
Sudan
Uganda
Algeria
Kenya
Tanzania
South Africa
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Ethiopia
Nigeria
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators
Total Population (millions)
Top and Bottom Country by Population Size
20. 3. A brief discussion of Botswana,
Ethiopia, Nigeria, and South Africa
20
Source: Michalopous and Papaionnou (2015)
21. 3. A brief discussion of Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria,
and South Africa
Coups d’Etat in Nigeria, 1960-2016
21Source: Polity IV
Date success leader deaths
1-Oct-62 3 Chief Enahoro, Samuel Ikoka, Aye Adabaujo 0
15-Jan-66 1 Maj. Nzeogwu 10
29-Jul-66 1 Lt. Col Yakubu Gowon; Hausa army officers 30
29-Jul-75 1 Gen. Murtala Ramat Mohammed 0
13-Feb-76 2 LTC Bukar Dimka 6
31-Dec-83 1 MG Mohammed Buhari 25
Oct-84 3 unspecified 0
27-Aug-85 1 MG Ibrahim Babangida 1
Dec-85 3 incl. MG Vatsa 0
22-Apr-90 2 Maj. Gideon Okar 10
17-Nov-93 1 Gen. Sanni Abacha 0
Mar-95 3 incl. Gen. Obasanjo 0
Dec-97 3 incl. LTG Diya, MG Adisa, MG Olarenwaju 0
30-Mar-04 3
Maj. Hamza al-Mustapha; Lt-Col. Mohammed ibn Umar Adeka;
Onwuchekwa Okorie; Navy Com.Yakubu Kudambo 0
22. 3. A brief discussion of Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria,
and South Africa
Coups d’Etat in Ethiopia, 1960-2016
22Source: Polity IV
Date success leader deaths
14-Dec-60 2
Gen. Mengistu Newaye, Germain Newaye,
Col. Workineh Gebeheyu, Getachew Bekele 331
12-Sep-74 1 Derg; Andom Banti 999
23-Nov-74 1 Derg: Gen. Tafari Banti, Major Mengistu 60
3-Feb-77 1 Lt. Col. Mengistu Haile Mariam 999
Feb-77 2 unspecified 10
16-May-89 2 MG Merid Negusie, MG Amha Desta 400
25/Avril/2009 3
Brig-Gen. Asamnew Tsige; Berhanu Nega,
Ginbot 7 Movement 0
23. 3. A brief discussion of Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria,
and South Africa
Infant mortality rate versus Regulatory Quality score in Africa, 2015
23Source: Ben Katoka (2017)
24. 3. A brief discussion of Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria,
and South Africa
2015 Corruption Perception Index Scores in Africa and other regions
24Source: Ben Katoka (2017)
BWA
CPV
SYC
RWA
MUS NAM
GHA
LSO
SEN
ZAF
STP
BFA ZMB
BEN
LBR
MLI
GAB
NERETHCIV
TGO
MWI
MRT MOZ TZA
SLEGMB
MDG
CMR
COM
NGAGIN
KEN
UGACAF
COG
TCD
COD
BDI ZWE
ERI
GNB
AGO SDN
MYS
THA
IDN PHL
VNM
LAO
MMR
KHM
Denmark
Finland Sweden
New Zealand
Netherlands
Norway
Switzerland
Singapore
Hong Kong
Japan
France
Taiwan
Korea (South)
China
20406080
100
Country
Sub-Saharan Africa South-East Asia
Advanced economies
25. 3. A brief discussion of Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria,
and South Africa
Voice and Accountability in Africa and other regions, 2015
25Source: Ben Katoka (2017)
AGO
BEN
BWA
BFA
CPV
CMR
BDI
CAF
TCD
COM
COG
GNQ
ETH
ERI
CIV
DRC
GAB
GHA
GIN
GNB
GMB
KEN
LSO
MDG
MLI
MRT
MWI
MUS
MOZ
NAM
NER
NGA
SEN
SLE
STP
RWA
SYC
ZAF
SWZ
TZA
UGA
SDN
TGO
ZMB
ZWE
BRN
KHM
IDN
LAO
MYS
MMR
PHL
VNM
THA
Denmark
Finland
Hong Kong
Japan
France
Norway
New Zealand
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
China
Korea
Singapore
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1-.5
0
.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Sub-Saharan Africa South-East Asia
Advanced economies
26. 3. A brief discussion of Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria,
and South Africa
26
27. 4. Political vs. economic development:
Approaching the dilemma in Africa
5. Further discussion
27