This document provides an overview of series connections in electrical circuits. It defines series resistors and circuits, and explains how to determine current, voltage, resistance, power, and other characteristics when components are connected in series. The objectives are to understand series circuits, Ohm's law, and how to use formulas like the voltage divider to solve problems involving multiple voltage sources or resistors wired in a series configuration. Examples and sample problems are provided to demonstrate applying these concepts.
Lab 5 BASIC CIRCUITS( Resistors, Voltage,and Current with.docxfestockton
Lab 5: BASIC CIRCUITS
( Resistors, Voltage,
and Current with MATLAB adapted from P-178 DC Circuit Labs )
Introduction
:
Electric circuits can be defined as closed or continuous paths in which electric currents are confined and around which electric currents can be caused to flow. Electrical circuits are an essential part of daily living, and may be found in heavy and light industry, commercial installations and operations, and residential applications. Modern life and its many conveniences seem inconceivable without the use of electric circuits.
The total resistance of a circuit is the sum of the individual resistances of the power source, the wiring, and the load. The load resistance is generally much higher than either the resistance of the power source or the wiring. The resistances of the wiring are usually neglected in classroom laboratory experiments. Very rarely is circuit wiring significant in experimental work. In these cases we consider the loads resistances to be the only resistance. Wiring resistance may be considerable in the case of transmission cables, as well as telephone lines, which are many miles long, and we have a lab which investigates and calculates the resistance in such cables and the lost power and energy due to these lengths.
If an arbitrary load of relatively low resistance were connected to an existing power supply or voltage source, an excessive current might flow to the load, causing burn up or other malfunctions with the load and wiring.
The current can be reduced
by reducing the source voltage, but this is not always feasible and is frequently impossible. The resistances of the voltage source or the load could be increased, but these are usually built right into the source or load. Resistances of connecting wires are so low that miles would be needed to increase the circuit resistance by more than a few dozen ohms. A selection of materials for connecting wires might be useful, but a better method would be to creation of a device that is specifically a resistor that can be included with the circuit to give the net or total resistance needed to provide the desired current for the voltage source involved.
In any DC circuit, the total current is equal to the power source voltage divided by the total or equivalent resistance. For a Series Circuit, this is the only current. This means that if the current in some portion of the circuit is known, the total current and the current through every part of the circuit is known. The sum of the voltage drops across the resistors in series is equal to the power supply voltage.
In Parallel Circuits, the total current from the power source divides into different paths as in approaches the parallel branches. The voltage drop across parallel branches is the same for all the branches. If the voltage drop for one branch is known, the voltage drop for all the parallel branches is known.
The sum of the currents in the various branches is equal to the current from the po.
Lab 5 BASIC CIRCUITS( Resistors, Voltage,and Current with.docxfestockton
Lab 5: BASIC CIRCUITS
( Resistors, Voltage,
and Current with MATLAB adapted from P-178 DC Circuit Labs )
Introduction
:
Electric circuits can be defined as closed or continuous paths in which electric currents are confined and around which electric currents can be caused to flow. Electrical circuits are an essential part of daily living, and may be found in heavy and light industry, commercial installations and operations, and residential applications. Modern life and its many conveniences seem inconceivable without the use of electric circuits.
The total resistance of a circuit is the sum of the individual resistances of the power source, the wiring, and the load. The load resistance is generally much higher than either the resistance of the power source or the wiring. The resistances of the wiring are usually neglected in classroom laboratory experiments. Very rarely is circuit wiring significant in experimental work. In these cases we consider the loads resistances to be the only resistance. Wiring resistance may be considerable in the case of transmission cables, as well as telephone lines, which are many miles long, and we have a lab which investigates and calculates the resistance in such cables and the lost power and energy due to these lengths.
If an arbitrary load of relatively low resistance were connected to an existing power supply or voltage source, an excessive current might flow to the load, causing burn up or other malfunctions with the load and wiring.
The current can be reduced
by reducing the source voltage, but this is not always feasible and is frequently impossible. The resistances of the voltage source or the load could be increased, but these are usually built right into the source or load. Resistances of connecting wires are so low that miles would be needed to increase the circuit resistance by more than a few dozen ohms. A selection of materials for connecting wires might be useful, but a better method would be to creation of a device that is specifically a resistor that can be included with the circuit to give the net or total resistance needed to provide the desired current for the voltage source involved.
In any DC circuit, the total current is equal to the power source voltage divided by the total or equivalent resistance. For a Series Circuit, this is the only current. This means that if the current in some portion of the circuit is known, the total current and the current through every part of the circuit is known. The sum of the voltage drops across the resistors in series is equal to the power supply voltage.
In Parallel Circuits, the total current from the power source divides into different paths as in approaches the parallel branches. The voltage drop across parallel branches is the same for all the branches. If the voltage drop for one branch is known, the voltage drop for all the parallel branches is known.
The sum of the currents in the various branches is equal to the current from the po.
Fault identification in transformer windingeSAT Journals
Abstract Transformer fault detection during impulse tests has always been an important topic in power engineering. Transformers connected to overhead lines are often prone to lightning strikes and resulting winding damage. For assessment of their insulation strength against such impulse stresses they are usually subjected to lightning impulse tests after assembly. In the case of a fault inside the winding, the shape of the winding current changes as compared to that of a healthy winding. The pattern of the fault current depends on the type of fault and its location along the length of the winding. This paper investigates Conventional procedures of fault diagnosis involved visual examination of the oscillographic records in time-domain and also applying the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm to analyze the transformer ‘fingerprint’ in the frequency-domain. Actually, this method is straight forward technique for interpretation of minor impulse faults in transformers. Also Simulation results obtained for a range of distribution transformer digital models are presented to illustrate the ability of this approach to classify insulation failures during impulse testing. The proposed method has been applied for impulse fault analysis of a analog model of a 12kVA single phase transformer. Keywords: transformer; Impulse test; Fault; FFT
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Pb2003.01 problems with the electrostatic discharge (esd) immunity test in el...ESDEMC Technology LLC
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity test is one of the important electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests. The IEC standard IECdlOOO-4-2 is the widely used standard to test the ESD immunity for electronic equipment. Many amendments such as amendment 1 (1998), amendment 2 (2000) have been published since 1995, but there is still problems with the ESD immunity test even with the 200x version. More than six ESD generators of different bands are tested for different equipment. The results show that the failure voltages of different ESD generators are vary much from different bands for the same test equipment. This may lead to the results incomparable when test the ESD immunity test in the EMC. Further studies show that there is a good correlation between the failure voltage and the induced voltage.
MO SURGE ARRESTERS - METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING S...Power System Operation
MO SURGE ARRESTERS -
METAL OXIDE RESISTORS
AND SURGE ARRESTERS
FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS
Fault identification in transformer windingeSAT Journals
Abstract Transformer fault detection during impulse tests has always been an important topic in power engineering. Transformers connected to overhead lines are often prone to lightning strikes and resulting winding damage. For assessment of their insulation strength against such impulse stresses they are usually subjected to lightning impulse tests after assembly. In the case of a fault inside the winding, the shape of the winding current changes as compared to that of a healthy winding. The pattern of the fault current depends on the type of fault and its location along the length of the winding. This paper investigates Conventional procedures of fault diagnosis involved visual examination of the oscillographic records in time-domain and also applying the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm to analyze the transformer ‘fingerprint’ in the frequency-domain. Actually, this method is straight forward technique for interpretation of minor impulse faults in transformers. Also Simulation results obtained for a range of distribution transformer digital models are presented to illustrate the ability of this approach to classify insulation failures during impulse testing. The proposed method has been applied for impulse fault analysis of a analog model of a 12kVA single phase transformer. Keywords: transformer; Impulse test; Fault; FFT
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Pb2003.01 problems with the electrostatic discharge (esd) immunity test in el...ESDEMC Technology LLC
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity test is one of the important electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests. The IEC standard IECdlOOO-4-2 is the widely used standard to test the ESD immunity for electronic equipment. Many amendments such as amendment 1 (1998), amendment 2 (2000) have been published since 1995, but there is still problems with the ESD immunity test even with the 200x version. More than six ESD generators of different bands are tested for different equipment. The results show that the failure voltages of different ESD generators are vary much from different bands for the same test equipment. This may lead to the results incomparable when test the ESD immunity test in the EMC. Further studies show that there is a good correlation between the failure voltage and the induced voltage.
MO SURGE ARRESTERS - METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING S...Power System Operation
MO SURGE ARRESTERS -
METAL OXIDE RESISTORS
AND SURGE ARRESTERS
FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
1. LESSON 4: SERIES CONNECTION
Engr. Onofre E. Algara, Jr.
BS Electrical Engineering (DLSU-D)
MS Electrical Engineering (Mapua University)
Subject Instructor
COLEGIO DE MUNTINLUPA
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
2. Objectives
1. Identify a series resistive circuit.
2. Determine the current throughout a series circuit.
3. Determine the voltage throughout a series circuit.
4. Determine total series resistance.
5. Determine the power throughout a series circuit.
6. Apply Ohm's law in series circuits.
7. Apply the voltage-divider formula.
8. Determine the total effect of voltage sources connected in
series.
9. Define open circuit and short circuit.
