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Computer Organization
Instructors :
Dr. Abdul Raouf Khan
Mr.Marwan El-Haj
Introduction
Computer Organization: is concerned with
the way the hardware components operate
and the way they are connected together to
form the computer system

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Introduction
Computer Architecture: is concerned with the
structure and behavior of the computer as
seen by the user.
Introduction
Logic Gates:
Basic Gates: AND, OR and Not
Other Gates: NAND & NOR (universal Gates),
XOR, XNOR
Boolean Algebra:
Boolean Function, Truth Table,
Logic Diagram

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Introduction
Combinational circuits:
Half Adder,
Full Adder etc
Sequential Circuits
Flip flops
SR, JK, D & T Flip Flops
Digital Components
Decoder: a decoder is a combinational circuit
that converts binary information from the n
coded inputs to a maximum of 2n unique
outputs
n-to-m line decoder where m 2n
Encoder: it performs the inverse operation of
a decoder

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Digital Components
Multiplexer: a multiplexer is a combinational
circuit that receives binary information from
one of 2n input data lines and directs it to a
single output line. The selection of input is
done by n select lines.
A 2n-to-1 multiplexer has 2n inputs, 1 output
& n select lines.
Digital Components
De-multiplexer: It performs the inverse
operation of a Multiplexer:

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Digital Components
Register: a group of flip flops with each flip
flop capable of storing one bit of information.
An n bit register has n flip flops and can store
n- bit information
registers with parallel load
Shift registers
Digital Components
Counter: a register that goes through a
predetermined sequence of states upon the
application of input pulses is called a
counter.
Synchronous counter: when each flip flop is
driven by the same clock
Asynchronous counter : when each flip flop is
driven by different clock

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Digital Components
Memory Unit: a memory unit is a collection of
storage cells together with associated circuits
needed to transfer information (data) in & out
of storage.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read Only Memory ( ROM)
Digital Components
RAM
Memory Unit
2
n
words
n bits per word
k address lines
Read
Write
n data input lines
n data output lines

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Digital Components
ROM
Memory Unit
2
n
words
n bits per word
n data input lines
n data output lines