This document introduces classes and objects in Java. It defines a class as a collection of fields and methods that operate on those fields. It shows how to define a Circle class with fields for the x and y coordinates and radius, and methods to calculate the circumference and area. It demonstrates how to create Circle objects, access the object fields and methods, and use the Circle class in a sample program.
This Powerpoint presentation covers following topics of C Plus Plus:
Features of OOP
Classes in C++
Objects & Creating the Objects
Constructors & Destructors
Friend Functions & Classes
Static data members & functions
This Powerpoint presentation covers following topics of C Plus Plus:
Features of OOP
Classes in C++
Objects & Creating the Objects
Constructors & Destructors
Friend Functions & Classes
Static data members & functions
Inheritance is the capability of a class to use the properties and methods of another class while adding its own functionality.
Enables you to add new features and functionality to an existing class without modifying the existing class.
This presentation deals with pure object oriented concepts and defines basic principles of OOP's like Encapsulation , polymorphism , Inheritance and Abstraction.
This all is about the object oriented programming in c++ language. It includes the importent components of oops , related terminologies and the related details.
Inheritance is the capability of a class to use the properties and methods of another class while adding its own functionality.
Enables you to add new features and functionality to an existing class without modifying the existing class.
This presentation deals with pure object oriented concepts and defines basic principles of OOP's like Encapsulation , polymorphism , Inheritance and Abstraction.
This all is about the object oriented programming in c++ language. It includes the importent components of oops , related terminologies and the related details.
chapter 1: Lecture 2
Let’s think on concept of Class and Object
- Concept of Objects and classes
- UML Class Diagram
الكلية الجامعية للعلوم والتكنولوجيا - خان يونس
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2. 2
Contents
Introduce to classes and objects in Java.
Understand how some of the OO
concepts learnt so far are supported in
Java.
Understand important features in Java
classes.
3. 3
Introduction
Java is a true OO language and therefore the
underlying structure of all Java programs is classes.
Anything we wish to represent in Java must be
encapsulated in a class that defines the “state” and
“behaviour” of the basic program components known as
objects.
Classes create objects and objects use methods to
communicate between them. They provide a
convenient method for packaging a group of logically
related data items and functions that work on them.
A class essentially serves as a template for an object
and behaves like a basic data type “int”. It is therefore
important to understand how the fields and methods are
defined in a class and how they are used to build a
Java program that incorporates the basic OO concepts
such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
4. 4
Classes
A class is a collection of fields (data) and
methods (procedure or function) that
operate on that data.
Circle
centre
radius
circumference()
area()
5. 5
Classes
A class is a collection of fields (data) and methods
(procedure or function) that operate on that data.
The basic syntax for a class definition:
Bare bone class – no fields, no methods
public class Circle {
// my circle class
}
class ClassName [extends
SuperClassName]
{
[fields declaration]
[methods declaration]
}
6. 6
Adding Fields: Class Circle with fields
Add fields
The fields (data) are also called the
instance varaibles.
public class Circle {
public double x, y; // centre coordinate
public double r; // radius of the circle
}
7. 7
Adding Methods
A class with only data fields has no life. Objects
created by such a class cannot respond to any
messages.
Methods are declared inside the body of the
class but immediately after the declaration of
data fields.
The general form of a method declaration is:
type MethodName (parameter-list)
{
Method-body;
}
8. 8
Adding Methods to Class Circle
public class Circle {
public double x, y; // centre of the circle
public double r; // radius of circle
//Methods to return circumference and area
public double circumference() {
return 2*3.14*r;
}
public double area() {
return 3.14 * r * r;
}
}
Method Body
9. 9
Data Abstraction
Declare the Circle class, have created a
new data type – Data Abstraction
Can define variables (objects) of that
type:
Circle aCircle;
Circle bCircle;
10. 10
Class of Circle cont.
aCircle, bCircle simply refers to a Circle
object, not an object itself.
aCircle
Points to nothing (Null Reference)
bCircle
Points to nothing (Null Reference)
null null
11. 11
Creating objects of a class
Objects are created dynamically using
the new keyword.
aCircle and bCircle refer to Circle objects
bCircle = new Circle() ;aCircle = new Circle() ;
12. 12
Creating objects of a class
aCircle = new Circle();
bCircle = new Circle() ;
bCircle = aCircle;
13. 13
Creating objects of a class
aCircle = new Circle();
bCircle = new Circle() ;
bCircle = aCircle;
P
aCircle
Q
bCircle
Before Assignment
P
aCircle
Q
bCircle
Before Assignment
14. 14
Automatic garbage collection
The object does not have a
reference and cannot be used in future.
The object becomes a candidate for
automatic garbage collection.
Java automatically collects garbage
periodically and releases the memory
used to be used in the future.
Q
15. 15
Accessing Object/Circle Data
Similar to C syntax for accessing data
defined in a structure.
Circle aCircle = new Circle();
aCircle.x = 2.0 // initialize center and radius
aCircle.y = 2.0
aCircle.r = 1.0
ObjectName.VariableName
ObjectName.MethodName(parameter-list)
16. 16
Executing Methods in
Object/Circle
Using Object Methods:
Circle aCircle = new Circle();
double area;
aCircle.r = 1.0;
area = aCircle.area();
sent ‘message’ to aCircle
17. 17
Using Circle Class
// Circle.java: Contains both Circle class and its user class
//Add Circle class code here
class MyMain
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Circle aCircle; // creating reference
aCircle = new Circle(); // creating object
aCircle.x = 10; // assigning value to data field
aCircle.y = 20;
aCircle.r = 5;
double area = aCircle.area(); // invoking method
double circumf = aCircle.circumference();
System.out.println("Radius="+aCircle.r+" Area="+area);
System.out.println("Radius="+aCircle.r+" Circumference ="+circumf);
}
}
[raj@mundroo]%: java MyMain
Radius=5.0 Area=78.5
Radius=5.0 Circumference =31.400000000000002
18. 18
Summary
Classes, objects, and methods are the basic
components used in Java programming.
We have discussed:
How to define a class
How to create objects
How to add data fields and methods to classes
How to access data fields and methods to classes