lec 7 - blotting + multiplex pcr biochemistry..pptx
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Blotting techniques in Biotechnology
This document provides an overview of blotting techniques, including transfer methods, membranes used, and applications of Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. It discusses how blotting involves transferring proteins, DNA, or RNA from a gel onto a membrane. It describes the capillary, electro-blotting, and vacuum blot transfer processes and membranes like nitrocellulose, nylon, and PVDF. It then explains the specific methods and applications of Southern blotting for detecting DNA, Northern blotting for detecting RNA, and Western blotting for detecting proteins.
Blotting techniques himanshu
blotting techniques. molecular technique, DNA, RNA, PROTEIN, Transfer techniques
Blotting Membranes
Methods & Applications
Southern Blotting
Northern Blotting
Western Blotting
b pharma 6th sem
pharmaceutical biotechnology
Blotting techniques
The document discusses various blotting techniques used to transfer and detect DNA, RNA, and proteins, including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. Southern blotting was developed by Edwin Southern in 1975 to detect specific DNA sequences and involves transferring DNA from a gel to a membrane. Northern blotting, developed in 1979, detects specific RNA sequences and involves transferring RNA. Western blotting, developed in 1981, detects specific proteins and involves separating proteins by gel electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, and using antibodies to detect proteins of interest. These techniques are widely used analytical tools.
Blotting techniques (manish)
The document discusses various blotting techniques used to transfer and detect DNA, RNA, and proteins, including Southern blotting for DNA, Northern blotting for RNA, and Western blotting for proteins. Southern blotting involves separating DNA fragments via gel electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, and using a probe to detect specific sequences. It allows researchers to identify genes, map genomes, and study evolution and disease.
Blotting techniques
This document discusses various blotting techniques used to detect DNA, RNA, and proteins, including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. It provides detailed descriptions of the procedures for each technique, including separating biomolecules by electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, hybridizing probes, and detecting bound probes. The techniques allow visualization and analysis of specific biomolecules within complex samples.
Blotting techniques
This document discusses various blotting techniques used to detect specific DNA, RNA, and protein molecules. It describes Southern blotting for detecting DNA, Northern blotting for detecting RNA, and Western blotting for detecting proteins. Southern blotting involves separating DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, and using a labeled probe for detection. Northern blotting is similar but used for detecting specific RNA sequences. Western blotting uses SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis to separate proteins, transfers them to a membrane, and detects them using primary and secondary antibodies. These techniques allow detection of specific biomolecules among many contaminants and have various applications in research and diagnostics.
Blotting techniques
Southern, Northern, and Western blotting techniques allow for the detection of specific DNA, RNA, and protein fragments, respectively. Southern blotting involves separating DNA fragments via gel electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, then using a labeled probe for detection via hybridization. Northern blotting is similar but detects RNA. Western blotting separates proteins via gel electrophoresis, transfers them to a membrane, then uses primary and secondary antibodies for detection. These techniques are used for applications like gene mapping and the study of gene expression.
Blotting techniques
This document describes three types of blotting techniques - Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. Southern blotting is used to detect DNA fragments separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Northern blotting detects specific RNA sequences separated by gel electrophoresis. Western blotting identifies proteins separated by SDS-PAGE gel using an antibody probe. The document provides detailed procedures and applications for each type of blotting.
Recommended
Blotting techniques in Biotechnology
This document provides an overview of blotting techniques, including transfer methods, membranes used, and applications of Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. It discusses how blotting involves transferring proteins, DNA, or RNA from a gel onto a membrane. It describes the capillary, electro-blotting, and vacuum blot transfer processes and membranes like nitrocellulose, nylon, and PVDF. It then explains the specific methods and applications of Southern blotting for detecting DNA, Northern blotting for detecting RNA, and Western blotting for detecting proteins.
Blotting techniques himanshu
blotting techniques. molecular technique, DNA, RNA, PROTEIN, Transfer techniques
Blotting Membranes
Methods & Applications
Southern Blotting
Northern Blotting
Western Blotting
b pharma 6th sem
pharmaceutical biotechnology
Blotting techniques
The document discusses various blotting techniques used to transfer and detect DNA, RNA, and proteins, including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. Southern blotting was developed by Edwin Southern in 1975 to detect specific DNA sequences and involves transferring DNA from a gel to a membrane. Northern blotting, developed in 1979, detects specific RNA sequences and involves transferring RNA. Western blotting, developed in 1981, detects specific proteins and involves separating proteins by gel electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, and using antibodies to detect proteins of interest. These techniques are widely used analytical tools.
Blotting techniques (manish)
The document discusses various blotting techniques used to transfer and detect DNA, RNA, and proteins, including Southern blotting for DNA, Northern blotting for RNA, and Western blotting for proteins. Southern blotting involves separating DNA fragments via gel electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, and using a probe to detect specific sequences. It allows researchers to identify genes, map genomes, and study evolution and disease.
Blotting techniques
This document discusses various blotting techniques used to detect DNA, RNA, and proteins, including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. It provides detailed descriptions of the procedures for each technique, including separating biomolecules by electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, hybridizing probes, and detecting bound probes. The techniques allow visualization and analysis of specific biomolecules within complex samples.
Blotting techniques
This document discusses various blotting techniques used to detect specific DNA, RNA, and protein molecules. It describes Southern blotting for detecting DNA, Northern blotting for detecting RNA, and Western blotting for detecting proteins. Southern blotting involves separating DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, and using a labeled probe for detection. Northern blotting is similar but used for detecting specific RNA sequences. Western blotting uses SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis to separate proteins, transfers them to a membrane, and detects them using primary and secondary antibodies. These techniques allow detection of specific biomolecules among many contaminants and have various applications in research and diagnostics.
Blotting techniques
Southern, Northern, and Western blotting techniques allow for the detection of specific DNA, RNA, and protein fragments, respectively. Southern blotting involves separating DNA fragments via gel electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, then using a labeled probe for detection via hybridization. Northern blotting is similar but detects RNA. Western blotting separates proteins via gel electrophoresis, transfers them to a membrane, then uses primary and secondary antibodies for detection. These techniques are used for applications like gene mapping and the study of gene expression.
Blotting techniques
This document describes three types of blotting techniques - Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. Southern blotting is used to detect DNA fragments separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Northern blotting detects specific RNA sequences separated by gel electrophoresis. Western blotting identifies proteins separated by SDS-PAGE gel using an antibody probe. The document provides detailed procedures and applications for each type of blotting.
Blotting
The document describes various blotting techniques used to detect DNA, RNA, and proteins. It discusses Southern blotting, which is used to detect specific DNA sequences through separation, transfer, and hybridization. The overall steps involve DNA fragmentation, gel electrophoresis, transfer to a membrane, hybridization with a probe, washing, and detection. Northern blotting is similar but detects RNA and uses formaldehyde during gel electrophoresis. Western blotting detects specific proteins by separating proteins by size on a gel, transferring them to a membrane, labeling with antibodies, washing, and detecting the bound antibodies. These techniques allow for detection of specific biomolecules.
southern blotting.pptx
Blotting
A blot, in molecular biology and genetics, is a method of transferring proteins, DNA or RNA, onto a carrier.
The term "blotting" refers to the transfer of biological samples from a gel to a membrane and their subsequent detection on the surface of the membrane.
Types of blotting techniques
Southern Blotting
Northern Blotting
Western Blotting
A Southern blot is a method used
in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples.
Southern blotting combines transfer of electrophoresis -separated DNA fragments to a filter membrane and subsequent fragment detection by probe hybridization.
The method is named after its inventor, the British biologist Edwin Mellor Southern.
- Methods in Southern blotting
- Advantages and disadvantages
Southern, Western & Northern Bloting.pdf
Southern, northern, and western blot protocols are similar, and begin with electrophoretic separation of protein and nucleic acid fragments on a gel, which are then transferred to a membrane (nitrocellulose membrane, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane, etc.) where they are immobilized.
3 blotng
Blotting techniques such as Southern blots, Northern blots, and Western blots can be used to visualize specific DNA, RNA, or proteins separated by electrophoresis. Southern blots involve digesting DNA with restriction enzymes, separating fragments by size via gel electrophoresis, transferring DNA to a membrane, and using probes to detect specific DNA sequences. Northern blots similarly separate RNA before transfer and probing. Western blots separate proteins and use antibodies to detect specific proteins. These techniques allow detection of gene copy numbers as well as deletions, insertions or rearrangements in genes.
Blotting southern,northern, western techniques
This document describes various blotting techniques used to detect specific nucleic acids or proteins in samples, including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. It provides an overview of the basic principles and steps involved in each technique, such as separating biomolecules by size, transferring them to a membrane, hybridizing probes, washing unbound probes, and detecting bound probes. The techniques allow researchers to analyze gene expression, detect mutations, and study proteins.
Southern Blotting.pdf
Southern blotting is a hybridization technique for identification of particular size of DNA from the mixture of other similar molecules. This technique is based on the principle of separation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis and identified by labelled probe hybridization.
Sequencing genes and genomes
Sequencing genes and genomes in biology. The most important technique available to the molecular biologist is DNA sequencing, by which the precise order of nucleotides in a piece of DNA can be determined
Southern, Northern and Western Blotting methods in genetic Engineering
This document discusses various blotting techniques including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. Southern blotting is used to detect DNA, involving digesting genomic DNA, separating fragments by electrophoresis, transferring to a membrane, and detecting with probes. Northern blotting detects RNA, using formaldehyde treatment and RNA probes. Western blotting detects proteins by separating by electrophoresis, transferring to a membrane, and detecting with antibodies. These techniques allow characterization of specific biomolecules in complex mixtures.
Northern blotting
Northern blotting is a technique used to detect RNA in a sample. It involves isolating RNA from cells, separating RNA fragments by size using gel electrophoresis, transferring the RNA fragments to a membrane, then using a labeled probe to detect specific RNA sequences through hybridization and visualization. The northern blot allows researchers to study gene expression at the mRNA level and determine which genes are expressed under different conditions or in different tissues.
Nucleic acid hybridization
Nucleic acid hybridization is a technique used to identify specific DNA sequences. It involves denaturing DNA or RNA samples and probes, followed by annealing of the probes to complementary sequences. There are two main types: Southern blotting separates DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis before hybridization with probes, while Northern blotting separates RNA this way. Both techniques allow detection of specific sequences through the use of labeled probes.
Souther and northern blotting systems
Southern blotting and Northern blotting are techniques used to detect specific DNA and RNA sequences. Southern blotting involves transferring DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis to a membrane, then using a labeled probe to identify fragments by hybridization. Northern blotting follows similar steps but detects RNA, requiring formaldehyde treatment to denature RNA. Both techniques allow identification of specific molecules in complex mixtures.
Blotting techniques
These slides include all the 3 blotting techniques i,e Southern,northern and western.Their principle,procedure and application.
Blotting techniques1
Concept: reannealing nucleic acids to identify sequence of interest.
Separates DNA/RNA in an agarose gel, then detects specific bands using probe and hybridization.
Hybridization takes advantage of the ability of a single stranded DNA or RNA molecule to find its complement, even in the presence of large amounts of unrelated DNA.
Allows detection of specific bands (DNA fragments or RNA molecules) that have complementary sequence to the probe.
Size bands and quantify abundance of molecule.
Prabhakar singh ii sem-paper v-blotting techniques
Prabhakar singh ii sem-paper v-blotting techniquesDepartment of Biochemistry, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal Univarsity, Jaunpur
1. Blotting techniques like Southern, Northern, and Western blotting are used to transfer and detect DNA, RNA, and proteins separated by gel electrophoresis.
2. Southern blotting involves transferring DNA fragments to a membrane, then using labeled probes to detect specific DNA sequences through hybridization and autoradiography. It is useful for mapping genes.
3. Northern and Western blotting follow similar procedures to detect RNA and proteins, respectively.GEL ELECTROPHORESIS WITH BLOT TECHNIQUES.pptx
This document provides an overview of gel electrophoresis and blotting techniques. It describes how gel electrophoresis uses a gel matrix to separate macromolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins based on size and charge when an electric current is applied. The document then discusses different types of gel electrophoresis including agarose gel electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and starch gel electrophoresis. It also summarizes common blotting techniques like Southern blotting for detecting DNA, Northern blotting for detecting RNA, and Western blotting for detecting proteins. The document provides details on the basic principles and procedures for each technique.
SOUTHERN BLOTTING SMG
Southern blotting is a technique used to detect specific DNA sequences. It involves separating DNA fragments by electrophoresis in an agarose gel, transferring the fragments to a nitrocellulose membrane, and using a radioactive DNA probe to hybridize to complementary DNA sequences on the membrane. The probe-hybridized DNA can then be visualized using autoradiography. Key steps include cleaving DNA with restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, transferring DNA from the gel to nitrocellulose via capillary action, fixing the DNA to the membrane by baking, hybridizing with a radioactive probe, and detecting hybridized fragments using autoradiography.
VBC-321_BLOTTING_TECHNIQUES.pptx
1. Blotting techniques such as Southern, Northern, and Western blotting allow for the transfer of DNA, RNA, and proteins from a gel to a membrane for detection.
2. The Southern blot detects DNA using hybridization with a labeled probe. The Northern blot detects RNA and the Western blot detects proteins using antibodies.
3. These techniques separate biomolecules by size then transfer and detect them on a membrane using probes or antibodies, allowing analysis of complex samples.
Northern blotting
Northern blotting is a technique used to detect specific RNA sequences in a sample. It involves separating RNA samples by size through gel electrophoresis, transferring them to a nylon membrane, and using a labeled probe to detect the target RNA sequence through hybridization. The target RNA will be visible as a band on the membrane where the probe has bound. This allows researchers to observe gene expression levels under different conditions like development or disease.
Southern Blotting and Related DNA Detection Techniques
The document describes Southern blotting, a technique developed by Edwin Southern in 1975. It involves transferring DNA fragments separated by electrophoresis onto a membrane, where they can be detected through hybridization with labeled probes. Specifically, DNA is extracted, digested with restriction enzymes, separated on a gel, and transferred to a membrane via capillary action. The membrane-bound DNA can then be probed to detect specific fragments through hybridization and visualized. The Southern blot technique allows detection of a targeted DNA fragment against a complex background and has various applications in research, forensics, and medicine.
Blotting
This document summarizes different blotting techniques used to identify proteins and nucleic acids, including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. Southern blotting is used to analyze DNA fragments and involves transferring DNA from a gel to a membrane and using a labeled probe. Northern blotting analyzes gene expression by separating RNA, transferring it to a membrane, and using a probe. Western blotting identifies specific proteins by separating proteins via electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, and using antibodies to detect the target protein. These techniques are important tools in molecular biology and clinical research.
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Similar to lec 7 - blotting + multiplex pcr biochemistry..pptx
Blotting
The document describes various blotting techniques used to detect DNA, RNA, and proteins. It discusses Southern blotting, which is used to detect specific DNA sequences through separation, transfer, and hybridization. The overall steps involve DNA fragmentation, gel electrophoresis, transfer to a membrane, hybridization with a probe, washing, and detection. Northern blotting is similar but detects RNA and uses formaldehyde during gel electrophoresis. Western blotting detects specific proteins by separating proteins by size on a gel, transferring them to a membrane, labeling with antibodies, washing, and detecting the bound antibodies. These techniques allow for detection of specific biomolecules.
southern blotting.pptx
Blotting
A blot, in molecular biology and genetics, is a method of transferring proteins, DNA or RNA, onto a carrier.
The term "blotting" refers to the transfer of biological samples from a gel to a membrane and their subsequent detection on the surface of the membrane.
Types of blotting techniques
Southern Blotting
Northern Blotting
Western Blotting
A Southern blot is a method used
in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples.
Southern blotting combines transfer of electrophoresis -separated DNA fragments to a filter membrane and subsequent fragment detection by probe hybridization.
The method is named after its inventor, the British biologist Edwin Mellor Southern.
- Methods in Southern blotting
- Advantages and disadvantages
Southern, Western & Northern Bloting.pdf
Southern, northern, and western blot protocols are similar, and begin with electrophoretic separation of protein and nucleic acid fragments on a gel, which are then transferred to a membrane (nitrocellulose membrane, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane, etc.) where they are immobilized.
3 blotng
Blotting techniques such as Southern blots, Northern blots, and Western blots can be used to visualize specific DNA, RNA, or proteins separated by electrophoresis. Southern blots involve digesting DNA with restriction enzymes, separating fragments by size via gel electrophoresis, transferring DNA to a membrane, and using probes to detect specific DNA sequences. Northern blots similarly separate RNA before transfer and probing. Western blots separate proteins and use antibodies to detect specific proteins. These techniques allow detection of gene copy numbers as well as deletions, insertions or rearrangements in genes.
Blotting southern,northern, western techniques
This document describes various blotting techniques used to detect specific nucleic acids or proteins in samples, including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. It provides an overview of the basic principles and steps involved in each technique, such as separating biomolecules by size, transferring them to a membrane, hybridizing probes, washing unbound probes, and detecting bound probes. The techniques allow researchers to analyze gene expression, detect mutations, and study proteins.
Southern Blotting.pdf
Southern blotting is a hybridization technique for identification of particular size of DNA from the mixture of other similar molecules. This technique is based on the principle of separation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis and identified by labelled probe hybridization.
Sequencing genes and genomes
Sequencing genes and genomes in biology. The most important technique available to the molecular biologist is DNA sequencing, by which the precise order of nucleotides in a piece of DNA can be determined
Southern, Northern and Western Blotting methods in genetic Engineering
This document discusses various blotting techniques including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. Southern blotting is used to detect DNA, involving digesting genomic DNA, separating fragments by electrophoresis, transferring to a membrane, and detecting with probes. Northern blotting detects RNA, using formaldehyde treatment and RNA probes. Western blotting detects proteins by separating by electrophoresis, transferring to a membrane, and detecting with antibodies. These techniques allow characterization of specific biomolecules in complex mixtures.
Northern blotting
Northern blotting is a technique used to detect RNA in a sample. It involves isolating RNA from cells, separating RNA fragments by size using gel electrophoresis, transferring the RNA fragments to a membrane, then using a labeled probe to detect specific RNA sequences through hybridization and visualization. The northern blot allows researchers to study gene expression at the mRNA level and determine which genes are expressed under different conditions or in different tissues.
Nucleic acid hybridization
Nucleic acid hybridization is a technique used to identify specific DNA sequences. It involves denaturing DNA or RNA samples and probes, followed by annealing of the probes to complementary sequences. There are two main types: Southern blotting separates DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis before hybridization with probes, while Northern blotting separates RNA this way. Both techniques allow detection of specific sequences through the use of labeled probes.
Souther and northern blotting systems
Southern blotting and Northern blotting are techniques used to detect specific DNA and RNA sequences. Southern blotting involves transferring DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis to a membrane, then using a labeled probe to identify fragments by hybridization. Northern blotting follows similar steps but detects RNA, requiring formaldehyde treatment to denature RNA. Both techniques allow identification of specific molecules in complex mixtures.
Blotting techniques
These slides include all the 3 blotting techniques i,e Southern,northern and western.Their principle,procedure and application.
Blotting techniques1
Concept: reannealing nucleic acids to identify sequence of interest.
Separates DNA/RNA in an agarose gel, then detects specific bands using probe and hybridization.
Hybridization takes advantage of the ability of a single stranded DNA or RNA molecule to find its complement, even in the presence of large amounts of unrelated DNA.
Allows detection of specific bands (DNA fragments or RNA molecules) that have complementary sequence to the probe.
Size bands and quantify abundance of molecule.
Prabhakar singh ii sem-paper v-blotting techniques
Prabhakar singh ii sem-paper v-blotting techniquesDepartment of Biochemistry, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal Univarsity, Jaunpur
1. Blotting techniques like Southern, Northern, and Western blotting are used to transfer and detect DNA, RNA, and proteins separated by gel electrophoresis.
2. Southern blotting involves transferring DNA fragments to a membrane, then using labeled probes to detect specific DNA sequences through hybridization and autoradiography. It is useful for mapping genes.
3. Northern and Western blotting follow similar procedures to detect RNA and proteins, respectively.GEL ELECTROPHORESIS WITH BLOT TECHNIQUES.pptx
This document provides an overview of gel electrophoresis and blotting techniques. It describes how gel electrophoresis uses a gel matrix to separate macromolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins based on size and charge when an electric current is applied. The document then discusses different types of gel electrophoresis including agarose gel electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and starch gel electrophoresis. It also summarizes common blotting techniques like Southern blotting for detecting DNA, Northern blotting for detecting RNA, and Western blotting for detecting proteins. The document provides details on the basic principles and procedures for each technique.
SOUTHERN BLOTTING SMG
Southern blotting is a technique used to detect specific DNA sequences. It involves separating DNA fragments by electrophoresis in an agarose gel, transferring the fragments to a nitrocellulose membrane, and using a radioactive DNA probe to hybridize to complementary DNA sequences on the membrane. The probe-hybridized DNA can then be visualized using autoradiography. Key steps include cleaving DNA with restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, transferring DNA from the gel to nitrocellulose via capillary action, fixing the DNA to the membrane by baking, hybridizing with a radioactive probe, and detecting hybridized fragments using autoradiography.
VBC-321_BLOTTING_TECHNIQUES.pptx
1. Blotting techniques such as Southern, Northern, and Western blotting allow for the transfer of DNA, RNA, and proteins from a gel to a membrane for detection.
2. The Southern blot detects DNA using hybridization with a labeled probe. The Northern blot detects RNA and the Western blot detects proteins using antibodies.
3. These techniques separate biomolecules by size then transfer and detect them on a membrane using probes or antibodies, allowing analysis of complex samples.
Northern blotting
Northern blotting is a technique used to detect specific RNA sequences in a sample. It involves separating RNA samples by size through gel electrophoresis, transferring them to a nylon membrane, and using a labeled probe to detect the target RNA sequence through hybridization. The target RNA will be visible as a band on the membrane where the probe has bound. This allows researchers to observe gene expression levels under different conditions like development or disease.
Southern Blotting and Related DNA Detection Techniques
The document describes Southern blotting, a technique developed by Edwin Southern in 1975. It involves transferring DNA fragments separated by electrophoresis onto a membrane, where they can be detected through hybridization with labeled probes. Specifically, DNA is extracted, digested with restriction enzymes, separated on a gel, and transferred to a membrane via capillary action. The membrane-bound DNA can then be probed to detect specific fragments through hybridization and visualized. The Southern blot technique allows detection of a targeted DNA fragment against a complex background and has various applications in research, forensics, and medicine.
Blotting
This document summarizes different blotting techniques used to identify proteins and nucleic acids, including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, and Western blotting. Southern blotting is used to analyze DNA fragments and involves transferring DNA from a gel to a membrane and using a labeled probe. Northern blotting analyzes gene expression by separating RNA, transferring it to a membrane, and using a probe. Western blotting identifies specific proteins by separating proteins via electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, and using antibodies to detect the target protein. These techniques are important tools in molecular biology and clinical research.
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Southern, Northern and Western Blotting methods in genetic Engineering
Southern, Northern and Western Blotting methods in genetic Engineering
Prabhakar singh ii sem-paper v-blotting techniques
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
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lec 7 - blotting + multiplex pcr biochemistry..pptx
- 2. Advantages: • This technique has the potential to produce considerable savings in time and effort within the laboratory Disadvantages: • Optimization is difficult; since many sets of forward and reverse primers are to be designed for use. • Increases cost. • Presence of multiple primer may lead to cross hybridization with each other and the possibility of mis-priming with other templates.
- 4. Annealing temperatures for each of the primer sets must be optimized to work correctly within a single reaction, and amplicon sizes, i.e., their base pair length, should be different enough to form distinct bands when visualized by gel electrophoresis. Alternatively, if amplicon sizes overlap, the different amplicons may be differentiated and visualised using primers that have been dyed with different colour fluorescent dyes.
- 10. Nitrocellulose membranes are a popular matrix used in protein blotting because of their high protein-binding affinity, compatibility with a variety of detection methods (chemiluminescence, chromogenic, and fluorescence), and the ability to immobilize proteins, glycoproteins, or nucleic acids.
- 15. Method - Restriction endonucleases are used to cut high- molecular-weight DNA strands into smaller fragments. - The DNA fragments are then electrophoresed on an agarose gel to separate them by size. - The DNA gel is placed into an alkaline solution (typically containing sodium hydroxide) to denature the double-stranded DNA. The denaturation in an alkaline environment may improve binding of the negatively charged thymine residues of DNA to a positively charged amino groups of membrane, separating it into single DNA strands for later hybridization to the probe, and destroys any residual RNA that may still be present in the DNA.
- 16. - A sheet of nitrocellulose (or, alternatively, nylon) membrane is placed on top of the gel. Pressure is applied evenly to the gel by placing a stack of paper towels and a weight on top of the membrane and gel, to ensure good and even contact between gel and membrane. Buffer transfer by capillary action from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential (usually filter paper and paper tissues) is then used to move the DNA from the gel onto the membrane. the DNA binds to the membrane due to the negative charge of the DNA and positive charge of the membrane. - The membrane is then baked in a vacuum or regular oven at 80 °C for 2 hours (standard conditions; nitrocellulose or nylon membrane) to permanently attach the transferred DNA to the membrane.
- 17. - The membrane is then exposed to a hybridization probe—a single DNA fragment with a specific sequence. The probe DNA is labelled so that it can be detected, usually by incorporating radioactivity or tagging the molecule with a fluorescent dye. - After hybridization, excess probe is washed from the membrane, and the pattern of hybridization is visualized on X-ray film by autoradiography in the case of a radioactive or fluorescent probe.
- 21. Western blotting or immunoblotting A technique in which proteins are separated by gel electrophoresis and transferred to a membrane sheet. A specific protein is then identified through its reaction with a labeled antibody.
- 22. PROCEDURE - The proteins of the sample are separated using gel electrophoresis (PAGE, Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) and are then transferred onto nitro cellulose to which they bind. - Then radiolabelled specific antibody is added on such membrane and it binds only to specific complementary protein. - The antibody is labelled with iodine-125 and the signal is detected again with autoradiography. -If radio active label is not used, bound antibody may be detected by a second antibody tagged with an enzyme, which allows to visualize the protein-Ab1- Ab2 complex.