The document discusses cyclone characteristics, types, classifications, and the stages of their development, with a focus on the Indian context. It outlines the observational networks for cyclone detection, the effects of cyclones on infrastructure and health, and various risk reduction measures. Additionally, it provides guidelines on preparedness and safety measures before, during, and after a cyclone event.

1. Cyclone Disaster
Management
Prof. Samirsinh P Parmar
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology
Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad-387001
E-mail: spp.cl@ddu.ac.in
Lecture-5

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Cyclone
• Cyclone is a region of low
atmospheric pressure
surrounded by high
atmospheric pressure
resulting in swirling
atmospheric disturbance
accompanied by powerful
winds blowing in
anticlockwise direction in the
Northern Hemisphere and in
the clockwise direction in the
Southern Hemisphere.

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Cyclones
• Rotation of wind blowing in to
the anticlockwise direction in the
Northern Hemisphere and in the
clockwise direction in the
Southern Hemisphere.
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere

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Cyclones
Also Known as:
• Typhoons in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the dateline.
• Hurricanes in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Northeast Pacific Ocean
east of the dateline, or the South Pacific ocean,
• Tropical cyclones – the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Southeast Indian
Ocean.
• Severe Cyclonic Storm – The North Indian Ocean.
• Willie-Willie in Australia
• Tornado in South America

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Types of Cyclones
(1) (2) (3) (4)

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Classification of Cyclone
Indian classification of Cyclonic Disturbances in the North Indian Ocean
• Low Pressure area (Wind speed <31 kmph)
• Depression (Wind speed 31-49 kmph)
• Deep Depression (Wind speed 60-61 kmph)
• Cyclonic Storm (Wind speed 62-88 kmph)
• Severe Cyclonic Storm (Wind speed 89-118 kmph)
• Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (Wind speed 119-221 kmph)
• Super Cyclone (Wind speed >222 kmph)

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Cyclones in India are moderate in nature.
Some general characteristics are:
• Strong Winds
• Exceptional Rain
• Storm surge
General Characteristics of Cyclone

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General Characteristics of Cyclone

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Stages of development of Cyclone
Stage 1: Formation and initial development
Stage 2: Fully matured
Stage 3: Weakening or decay

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Source: Mohapatra et.al. (2012)
Cyclone prone zones
in India

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Early Warning
• Low pressure and the development can be detected hours or days
before it causes damage.
• The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is the nodal
department for wind detection, tracking and forecasting cyclone.
• Cyclone tracking is done through INSAT satellite.

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Observational Network
• Land-based observational systems
• Early establishment of planned Automatic Weather Stations (AWS)
and Rain-gauge Network
• Establishment of High Speed wind recorder and one surge recorder
for each costal district
• Enhancement of a Doppler Weather Radar Network over coastal
regions at an interval of 300 km along the coast
• Augmentation of high resolution vertical soundings with the
enhancement of Radio Sonde (RS)/Radio Wind (RW) Network and
introduction of Wind Profilers.

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Observational Network
• Ocean-based observational systems
• Enhancement of Shallow water and deep water buoy network
over Indian Seas.
• Enhancement of ocean observations involving ships of
opportunity, Coast Guard vessels and Indian Naval Ships Off-
Shore oil platforms and Islands.

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Observational Network
• Space-based observational systems
• Ensure the operational service of at least two geostationary
satellites over Indian seas at any given point of time
• Generation of high spatial resolution data sets of land-surface
parameters on weekly/bi-weekly basis utilising IRS and other
global satellites
• Real time reception of global satellite products, especially from
microwave sensors

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Effects of Cyclones
• Physical damage
• Casualties and public health
• Water supplies
• Crop and food supplies
• Communication

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Possible Risk Reduction Measures
• Coastal belt plantation
• Hazard mapping
• Land use control
• Engineered structures
• Flood management
• Improving vegetative cover
• Wind load considerations while designing buildings (IS875 – 1987
Part 3)

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Do’s and Don'ts – Before, during and
after Cyclone
What to do before the cyclone season?
• Check the house; secure loose tiles and carry out repairs of doors and windows.
• Remove dead branches or dying trees close to the house, anchor removable objects such
as lumber piles, loose tin sheets, loose bricks, garbage cans, sign boards, etc which can fly
in string wind.
• Keep some wooden boards ready so that glass windows can be boarded.
• Keep a hurricane lantern filled with kerosene battery operated torches and enough dry cells.
• Demolish condemned buildings.
• Keep some extra batteries for transistors.
• Keep some dry non-perishable food always ready for use in emergency.

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Do’s and Don'ts – Before, during and
after Cyclone
What to do when the cyclone starts?
• Listen to the radio (All India Radio stations give weather warnings). Keep monitoring the
warnings. This will help you prepare for a cyclone emergency
• Pass the information to others.
• Ignore rumors and do not spread them; this will help to avoid panic situations.
• Believe in the official information.
• When a cyclone alert is on for your area continue normal working but stay alert to the radio
warning
• Stay within alert 24 for hours. the next 24 hours as a cyclone alert means that the danger is
within 24 hours.

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Do’s and Don'ts – Before, during and
after Cyclone
What to do when area is under cyclone warning?
• When your area is under cyclone warning get away from low-lying beaches or other
low-lying areas close to the coast.
• Leave early before your way to high ground or shelter gets flooded.
• Do not delay and run the risk of being marooned.
• If your house is securely built on high ground take shelter in the safe par of the
house. However, if asked to evacuate do not hesitate to leave the place.

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Do’s and Don'ts – Before, during and
after Cyclone
What to do when area is under cyclone warning?
• Board up glass windows or put storm shutters in place,
• Provide strong suitable support for outside doors.
• If you do not have wooden boards handy. paste paper strips on glasses prevent splinters.
However, this may not avoid breaking windows.
• Get extra food, which can be eaten without cooking. Store extra drinking water in suitably
covered vessels
• If you have to evacuate the house move your valuable articles to upper floor to minimize
flood damage

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Do’s and Don'ts – Before, during and
after Cyclone
What to do when evacuation is instructed?
• Pack essentials for yourself and your family to last a few days. These include medicines,
special food for babies and children or elders.
• Head for the proper shelter of evacuation points indicated for your area.
• Do not worry about your property
• At the shelter follow instructions of the person in charge.
• Remain in the shelter until you are informed to leave.

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Do’s and Don'ts – Before, during and
after Cyclone
What to do after cyclone?
• You should remain in the shelter until informed that you can return to your home.
• You must get inoculated against diseases immediately
• Strictly avoid any loose and dangling wires from lamp posts.
• If you have to drive, do drive carefully.
• Clear debris from your premises immediately
• Report the correct losses to appropriate authorities.

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Additional References:
• https://ndma.gov.in/Natural-Hazards/Cyclone/Dos-Donts
• https://appliedsciences.nasa.gov/what-we-do/disasters/hurricanes-cyclones
• https://disasterphilanthropy.org/resources/hurricanes-typhoons-and-cyclones/
• https://amssdelhi.gov.in/tropicle_cyclones.htm
• https://www.opastpublishers.com/peer-review/a-comprehensive-study-of-biparj
oy-cyclone-disaster-management-in-gujarat-a-case-study-7607.html

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My publication: (please refer)
• https://
www.opastpublishers.com/peer-review/a-comprehensive-study-of-biparjoy-cycl
one-disaster-management-in-gujarat-a-case-study-7607.html
Parmar, S. P. "A Comprehensive Study of Biparjoy
Cyclone Disaster Management in Gujarat: A Case
Study." Eng OA 2, no. 3 (2024): 01-17.

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