1. Cover common Network terminology 2. Provide an overview of how networks can have positive and negative impacts to our solution. 3. Highlight differences between onsites and hosted servers. 4. Tools that can be used for both validation and troubleshooting with common use cases.

1. Learning Series 2016
Fundamentals: Networking
----------------------------------------
"Not Social Media-How does a
customer's network impact our
solution?"

2. Objective
Building on the last learning series that covered creating
SalesForce cases with detail information for Support to use.
• Cover common Network terminology
• Provide an overview of how networks can have positive
and negative impacts to our solution.
• Highlight differences between onsites and hosted
servers.
• Tools that can be used for both validation and
troubleshooting with common use cases.
Please hold questions to the end of this presentation

3. Common Network Terms
• Bandwidth
• Upload/Download Speed
• Latency
• Packet Loss
• Jitter
• Static IP Addresses
• Dynamic IP Addresses
• VLANS
• DHCP
• QoS
• CAT6
• Structured Cabling
• Gigabit Network
• Proxy Servers
• IP filtering
• Port blocking
• Whitelist
• Cross meshed
• IP Conflicts
• Duplex
• Wake on LAN
• Ping
• DICOM Echo
• DNS
• Default Gateway
• Subnet Mask
• Firewalls
• Switches
• Router
• Wifi
• Broadband
• Dual NICs
• DRAC Cards
• Blacklist
• IPv4
• IPv6
• LAN
• WAN
• TCP
• ISP
• Trace route
• Packet capture
• Netstat
• NSLoop
• Reverse Lookup
• Hostname
• Domain
• Ethernet adapter
• MAC Address
• Public IP address
• B2B VPN
• MPLS
• BGP
• Failed connection
• SSL Transfer
• DICOM Transfer
• Persistent connection
• Ports
• Denial of Server(DoS)
• ASP, SaaS, Cloud
• ETC

4. OSI Stack
Take from:
http://www1.amalnet.k12.il/kiryathaim/profession/pc/Shared%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx

5. What does it take for a device to be online?
What are the building blocks?

6. Device Snapshot
• MAC Address-Each network device has been assigned a unique identifier by the manufacture
– Example: 01:23:45:67:89:ab
• IP Address(internal)-Each network device has to be assigned a unique IP Address to function in a
LAN environment.
– Example: IPv4 Address – 192.168.100.122
– Example: IPv6 Address - 2601:c2:8404:86c::efb6
• Subnet Mask-This is used to divide up IP addresses into smaller logical networks.
– Example: 255.255.255.0
• Default Gateway –Without this being set, you have no way to communicate to other
devices on the network.
– Example: In your home network your ISP router functions as a default GW so you can access the Internet.
• DNS – If this was not in place would only be able to access website if you knew
the IP address. This allows one to move equipment without having to notify
end users. There is a hierarchy of DNS server around the entire globe.
– Example-when you enter an URL of www.ramsoft.com it is converted to the IP of
104.25.212.29(public IP for our website hosts)
– RamSoft moved the RNM server from the Hostway Datacenter in Austin TX to the Radius
Datacenter in Nashville TN and we only need to update DNS.

7. IPv4 vs. IPv6
Q: To the end user these is no noticeable difference so why are we doing this?
A: The number of IP addresses available.
– For IPv4 there are 4,294,967,296 addresses.
– For IPv6 there are 340,282,366,920,938,463, 463,374, 607,431, 768,211,456 IPv6 addresses
More IPs mean more devices can communicate
‘Internet of Things’ Connected Devices to Almost Triple to Over 38 Billion Units by
2020
Total Device Base Driven by Surge in Connected Industrial Applications
Hampshire, 28th July: New data from Juniper Research has revealed that the number
of IoT (Internet of Things) connected devices will number 38.5 billion in 2020, up from
13.4 billion in 2015: a rise of over 285%.
http://www.juniperresearch.com/press/press-releases/iot-connected-devices-to-triple-to-38-bn-by-2020

8. Internal vs. External IP
External IP Address:
• The facilities ISP will provide them an static external IP address(or a range
of IPs) that can used an VPN end points or URL access points.
– Earlier example-when you enter an URL of www.ramsoft.com public IP address is
104.25.212.29
– Example-nrc.ramsoftpacs.com and teleras.ramsoftpacs.com will have unique public IP
addresses.
– Example-VPN???
Internal IP Address
• Managed and assigned by local IT resources.

9. Network Architecture
• Routers, switches, and firewall
• Common measures
– Latency, Jitter, Speed, Packet Loss
“classroom analogy”

10. LAN vs. WAN
Q: Gateway Router interact with modalities at a customer site
across the ______.
A: LAN
Q: Referring physicians interact with Rapid Results across the
____.
A: WAN
Q: Technologist using the PowerReader interact with the
PowerServer across the _____.
A. LAN(if server is onsite) or WAN(if server is hosted)

11. Tools
 ICMP Ping
 Returns values of latency and shows how consistent a connection maybe between two end points.
 Common LAN responses should be a few milliseconds(ms)
 Common WAN responses could be in the 20-90ms range
 Successful response means network is passing traffic. Failed response does not always mean the
network is not correct.
 Many web based applications do not respond to ICMP Ping due to DoS attacks so failure does not
mean networking issue all the time.
 DICOM Ping
 Used when setting up a RamSoft Gateway or PowerServer to Modality connection.
 Connection made to a predetermined port.
 Successful ping usually an indicator the modality is setup properly.
 Will fail if wrong Port or AE Title is used.
 Tracert
 Returns values of latency direct to each each ‘hop’(device) that a packet travels between two end
points.
 When accessing a internet site there could be 10-15 touch points. Versus only a few depending on the LAN architecture.
 Hops with high latency could point to bottlenecks in the network path.

12. Tools(cont.)
 Netstat
 Used to identify active sessions from the host.
 An active DICOM transfer from modality to gateway will show up with both
end points identified
 NSLookup
 Used to see what IP address is assigned to a particular URL/Hostname by DNS
servers. Reverse lookup allows one to enter an IP and see if a URL is assigned.
 When a website is no accessible via URL, this can be used as a troubleshooting
tool
 Wireshark
 Used to capture and review packets that are crossing the network connection.
 Commonly used when failures are occurring due to network provider or
application level issues.

13. Why does this matter?
ADT/
ORM
Day of Appt
DCM
ORU

14. Why does this matter?
Encrypted Transfer
TLS or SSL
Encrypted Transfer
HTTPS
Logical
View

15. Why does this matter?
Encrypted Transfer
TLS or SSL
Switch
Stack
------
Router
Firewall
Public IP
DNS
This could be easily be
over 20 ‘hops’
This could be easily be
over 20 ‘hops’
Actual
View
**The datacenter will have
its own switch, routers,
firewall, load balancers, etc

16. Live Demonstration of the following tools:
• Ipconfig with and without /all
• ICMP Ping with and with –a to www.google.com
and rnm.ramsoftpacs.com
• Tracert to www.google.com and
rnm.ramsoftpacs.com
• NSLookup rnm.ramsoftpacs.com

17. ‘Customer Network issue or RamSoft application problem’
We need to be able to evaluate and help customers determine if
the issue is a RamSoft application call or if the customers’
network infrastructure is creating a problem.
ANY QUESTIONS??

18. ANY QUESTIONS?