5. Leadership at its best has been
demonstrated by:
Mahatma Gandhi- Satyagraha, a quest for
truth at all costs
John F. Kennedy - human beings were both
affectionate and hard-minded.
Martin Luther King- advancement of civil
rights in the United States and around the
world, using nonviolent methods
6. The term leadership projects images of:
• Powerful
• Dynamic individuals
Who command victorious armies, build wealthy and
influential empires, or alter the course of nations
(Yuki, 1994).
7. In other words, leadership has been
regarded as the single most important
factor in the success and failure of an
organization (Bass, 1990).
However, these theoretical perspectives
will not be appropriate to face the
challenges in the contemporary period.
8. “Leadership is not something
you do to people, it’s something
you do with people”.
9.
10. Challenges for a leader
globalization
3
Technology
4
Demographic
changes
1
diversity
Ethical
dilemmas
2
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001 All Rights Reserved
11. GLOBALIZATION
* Set of economic, political, cultural processes
whereby national borders recede to be replaced
by global distribution of capital, organizations
and individuals
12. GLOBALIZATION
• Inequalities between countries, environmental
degradation, commodification of culture
• Movement of people around the world
• More mobile workforce
• Less full time work, more part-time work
13. Diversity
• It is a key challenge facing the
contemporary leaders throughout
the world.
• Age, ethnicity, gender, race, sexual
orientation, religion, experience
• Demographic changes
14. Diversity
• “You learn more from people who
are different from you, than ones
who are the same.”
15. Ethical Dilemma
• Difficulties emerge when equally
attractive options could be justified as
‘right’ (Duignan & Collins, 2003),
• and when there are equally unattractive
options with undesirable consequences
(Kidder, 1995).
16. Ethical Dilemma
• Right vs wrong situations are less
difficult to deal with for honest, ethical
persons.
19. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
10/10/2013 19
•This theory represents the person’s needs
portrayed in the shape of a pyramid with the
largest needs at the bottom, and the need for
self-actualization at the top.
20. Two Dimensions of leadership style need
to be considered:
• Task behavior- the extent to which the leader
spells out the responsibilities of an individual
or a group (e.g. What to do, how to do, who is
to do it)
• Relationship behavior- the extent to which the
leader engages in two-way or multi-way
communication (e.g. Listening, providing,
encouragement, coaching)
21. Situational Leadership Model
Based on the idea that there is no one
best style of leadership
Leaders are required to diagnose
situations
Effective leadership relates to leader’s
character, beliefs, morals, values,
emotions and spirits (Creighton, 1999).
22. Transformational leader- motivate
others, inspire them to satisfy their
higher needs
give equal opportunities to participate
open to alternative points of view and
care about the way others think
23. Whatever issues that need to be considered,….
10/10/2013 23
•expand your creativityfunctional fixness.pptx
•What is new today, may be obsolete
tomorrow.
25. Administer a Moral Community
Attempts to understand concepts such as obIigation,
virtue, justice, and common good, and to explore
the epistemology of moral judgments and the
psychology of moral acts
Morality involves the total person as a human being
it involves the human person living in a community of
other moral agents
Individual activities, such as telling the truth or giving
money to a beggar, or telling a lie or insulting a beggar,
have to be seen in the context of an individual and
communal way of living and of being
26. If we assume that as a leader promotes a moral
way of being, as well as a moral way of
thinking, we have to ask ourselves ,
27. 1. Autonomy
2. Connectedness
3. Transcendence
These are the foundational human
qualities for a moral life; it would be
impossible for a leader to be moral
without developing these qualities.
28. Being autonomous means owning oneself, being
one’s own person.
It does not mean acting in isolation from one’s
culture, one’s socialization into that culture, or from
the specific social context in which one finds oneself.
Being autonomous means that, once these cultural
and contextual influences are taken
into account; one takes responsibility for what
one does
29. An autonomous leader cannot express his
or her autonomy except in relationship
with members, to a culture of meanings
and traditions in a group, as a male or
female in this historical social moment.
30. Connectedness
Being connected means being-in-
relationship with the other leaders and
members or something and accepting the
responsibilities implicit in the
relationship.
A leader is involved in a network of
relationships and with obligations and
privileges that attend to these
relationships.
31. Connectedness
Human life implies social living, and
social living implies a moral code by
which the contingencies of social living
are conducted.
Every culture has categories that define
“inhuman” treatment of other people as
members of the organization.
32. Connectedness
Being connected also means being connected
to nature and the natural universe.
The recognition that humans are members of
an e c o - community that brings a sense of
obligation toward the environment.
Recognizing that we are beneficiaries of a
bounteous nature brings a sense of
obligation to preserve the integrity of the
air, the soil, the water, and the various
forms of life.
33. Transcendence
Transcendence is what leads us to turn
our life toward someone or toward
something greater than or beyond
ourselves.
One form of transcendence is reaching
for a form of excellence, whether in
athletics, the creative arts, scholarship,
professional expertise., the founding of
an organization, or a craft.
34. “We are not human beings having a
spiritual experience, we are
spiritual beings having a human
experience.”Coffee.ppt
35.
36. Follow-up sessions:
The ABC of XYC: Understanding the
Global Generations
(A discussion of varied characteristics of
people from varied generations)
Why Transformation Efforts Fail? : Eight
Steps to Transforming an Organization
(What’s wrong with the organization?)
