The document discusses wireless sensor networks and their applications. It describes the architecture of wireless sensor networks, including sensor nodes, cluster heads, and base stations. It outlines several potential applications of wireless sensor networks, such as industrial monitoring, home automation, environmental monitoring, healthcare, security, and more. Recent advances in electronics and wireless technologies have enabled the development of low-cost wireless sensor nodes that can measure various quantities and transmit data short distances, making wireless sensor networks applicable to many fields.

1. Wireless Sensor Networks
at ArsLogica IT Labs
VIGILIA Very Implantable Gear Inspecting Local Input Array
Fernando Pianegiani
fernando.pianegiani@arslogica.it
May 2nd 2007, Mezzolombardo

2. Instruments of science
 Microscope: study of very small
 Microbiology
 Telescope: study of very large
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 Astronomy
 Macroscope*: study of very complex
 Ecology, sociology,…

3. Berkeley mote Mica2
Converging technologies:
Size
58 x 32 x 7 (mm), 18 gr
Implementation problems:
fixed-point implementation
limited memory
low clock frequency
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Processor
microcontroller Atmel ATmega128L
10 bit ADC
8 mA (ACTIVE MODE), < 15 μA (SLEEP
MODE)
Memory
4 Kbytes di SRAM
4 Kbytes di EEPROM
128 Kbytes di PROGRAM MEMORY
512 Kbytes di FLASH (SPI)
Radio
433 MHz (FSK), 19.2 Kbit/s, 330 m
> 25 mA TX, 8 mA RX, < 1 μA SLEEP
3 LEDs
• connector 51 pin
2 batteries AA 1.5 V
RTOS: TinyOS
MPR410CB
Sensor board

4. Mote platform evolution
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5. Wireless micro-weather ‘mote’
Top endcap
O-rings
Cylindrical enclosure
Protective skirt
Top sensing surface:
incident PAR and TSR
Battery
Mica2Dot
Bottom sensing surface:
temperature, humidity,
barometric pressure,
reflected PAR & TSR
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Bottom endcap
EECS Dept., UC at Berkeley in deep collaboration with Intel

6. Wireless sensor network general
architecture
ALgateway Base station
Cluster-head
Cluster
Information system
ALmote
Internet
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7. Application Templates
Events Identification
Data Collection & Delivery
Layered architecture solution
WSN Applications
Gateway node
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repol eve D noi target nI
Enterprise Service Bus
Wireless Sensor
Network
node
node
node
Mapping
WSN Server
WSN Protocols

8. Applications
Recent advances in wireless communications and electronics have enabled
the development of low cost, low power wireless sensor nodes,
which are small in size and have the capability to measure quantities, process
measurement data, transmit within short distances and actuate peripherals.
The project aims to apply wireless sensor networks to several fields, such as:
 industrial monitoring and control
 home and building management
 security and military sensing
 precision agriculture
 health monitoring
 localization
$150 millions sales in 2003
$7 billion in sales in 2010
On World Emerging Wireless Research, Feb 2004
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9. From the application space
to the architecture space
Application Space
Platform
Mapping
Application Interface (AI) AI Platform
Platform
Design
Export
Architecture Space
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Application Instance
Platform Instance
UC at Berkeley

10. Design methodology
Specs
Network
Synthesis
Formal description of
system requirements
CLEAR SEMANTIC
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Platform
Implementation
Verification
Formal
description of
hardware
performance
Refine constraints
Abstract performance
Meet in the middle
Optimize
MATHEMATICAL
MODEL
Describe
Application
Independent from network
UC at Berkeley architecture

11. Industrial monitoring and control
(Machinery and Processes)
Goals: failure detection/diagnosis of manufacturing robot.
Manufacturing plant cells equipped with wireless sensor nodes to sense vibration,
temperature, etc., transmit data to a PLC and actuate possible control Systems.
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12. Industrial monitoring-calibration
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Photodiode
sensor
Cluster

13. Predictive mechanical mantainance
Goals: monitoring of train, aircraft and spacecraft or satellite components.
Wireless
sensors Aircraft/
Spacecraft
monitoring
Predictive mechanical maintenance
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and
diagnostics

14. Multi-protocol home control
BlueTooth
Power-line
ZigBee Wi-Fi
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15. Building monitoring
Server farms
Warehouse
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16. Environmental monitoring
Goals: - Comparison of satellite and terrestrial measures
- Tunnel monitoring
- High precision agriculture
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17. Traffic monitoring and control
Goals: - E.g., classification of light and heavy vehicles
- Detection and measure of speed and length of
vehicles (by magneto-resistive sensors
http://www.sensysnetworks.com/vehicle_detection.html)
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18. Monitoring of human life parameters
Goals: - Remote monitoring of patients and in case medicine release
- In manned space missions
See: Harvard (http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mdw/proj/codeblue/)
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19. Security and defense surveillance
Goals: - detection, identification, characterization and tracking of objects,
vehicles and human
SensIT
See Princeton:
http://www.princeton.edu/~mrm/zebranet.html
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20. Thank you for the attention!
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